• Vue项目框架搭建(不定时更新)


    创建项目

    使用 vue-cli 快速搭建项目结构,关于vue-cli的更多用法,请阅读官方说明 !vue-cli官方文档

    • 创建项目
    vue create cloud-film-vue
    
    • 安装依赖

    vscode中,在终端打开文件夹,然后 npm installyarn

    npm install
    或
    vue add
    

    yarn
    
    • 启动项目
    yarn run dev
    

    npm run dev
    

    以上是开发环境下,若是生产环境,dev换成build

    添加单元测试

    更多jest用法,阅读官方文档 !jest官方

    • 根目录下(与src文件夹同级目录)新建 test文件夹
    • 安装jest
    yarn add jest
    或
    npm install --save-dev jest
    
    • 配置jest启动方式

    在package.json中的 “srcipts”:{} 中添加jest的启动方法,如下:

    "scripts": {
        //其他指令
        "test": "jest"  //test指令
      },
    
    • 在test文件夹中添加测试文件 hello.test.js

    测试文件必须以xxx.test.js的方式命名,.test.js的文件,无论在项目中的什么位置,都会被识别为测试文件,并在执行测试单元测试的时候被执行。

    编写如下代码:

    const returnHelloWorld = () => {
        return 'hello world'
    }
    test('输出hello world ', () => {
        expect(returnHelloWorld()).toBe('hello world')
    })
    
    • 运行测试用例hello.test.js
    yarn test
    或
    npm run test
    

    执行全部测试用例。若要执行单个测试用例,则在 test后指定用例名即可,如:

    yarn test hello.test.js
    或
    npm run test hello.test.js
    
    • 运行结果
    PS E:ProjectCloudFilmVueVersion-PracticecloudFilm-vuecloud-film-vue> yarn test
    yarn run v1.22.4
    $ jest
     PASS  test/hello.test.js
      √ 输出hello world  (2 ms)
    Test Suites: 1 passed, 1 total
    Tests:       1 passed, 1 total
    Snapshots:   0 total
    Time:        2.001 s
    Ran all test suites.
    Done in 3.13s.
    

    如上,显示测试通过。

    eslint代码检测

    • 安装
    npm install eslint --save-dev
    
    • 初始化eslint文件
    ./node_modules/.bin/eslint --init
    

    不要怀疑,就是这个指令。

    运行指令后,会让你回答一系列问题,你根据自己的需求认真选择选项,稍后会根据你的选择生成对应的代码检测规则。

    选择编码风格时,选 standard,这是我们团队的规范

    • 运行检测文件,检测代码格式
    ./node_modules/.bin/eslint yourfile.js
    

    运行如上命令,会检查你的代码,列出格式错误的地方。yourfile.js是你要检测的文件,如main.js ,就是检测mian.js的代码格式问题。

    检测结果:

    PS E:ProjectCloudFilmVueVersion-PracticecloudFilm-vuecloud-film-vue> ./node_modules/.bin/eslint .eslintrc.json
    
    E:ProjectCloudFilmVueVersion-PracticecloudFilm-vuecloud-film-vue.eslintrc.json
       1:1   error  Expected an assignment or function call and instead saw an expression  no-unused-expressions
       2:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
       2:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'env' found                              quote-props
       2:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       3:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
       3:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'browser' found                          quote-props
       3:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       4:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
       4:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'es6' found                              quote-props
       4:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       5:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
       6:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
       6:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'extends' found                          quote-props
       6:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       7:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
       7:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       8:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
       8:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
       9:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      10:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      10:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'globals' found                          quote-props
      10:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      11:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      11:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'Atomics' found                          quote-props
      11:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      11:20  error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      12:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      12:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'SharedArrayBuffer' found                quote-props
      12:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      12:30  error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      13:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      14:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      14:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'parserOptions' found                    quote-props
      14:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      15:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      15:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'ecmaVersion' found                      quote-props
      15:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      16:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      16:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'parser' found                           quote-props
      16:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      16:19  error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      17:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      17:9   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'sourceType' found                       quote-props
      17:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      17:23  error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      18:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      19:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      19:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'plugins' found                          quote-props
      19:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      20:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      20:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      21:1   error  Expected indentation of 4 spaces but found 8                           indent
      21:9   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      22:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      23:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      23:5   error  Unnecessarily quoted property 'rules' found                            quote-props
      23:5   error  Strings must use singlequote                                           quotes
      24:1   error  Expected indentation of 2 spaces but found 4                           indent
      25:2   error  Newline required at end of file but not found                          eol-last
    
    ✖ 59 problems (59 errors, 0 warnings)
      58 errors and 0 warnings potentially fixable with the `--fix` option.
    

    检测结果:59个问题格式

    在vue中如何关闭eslint的代码检测

    • 在项目根目录下增加 vue.config.js,内容为:
    // vue.config.js
    module.exports = {
        lintOnSave: false
    }
    

    添加UI库Vux

    UI库可以使用Vux,还比较火,更多Vux相关,请查看官方文档 !Vux官方文档

    • 安装vux
    npm install vux --save
    或
    yarn add vux //安装
    yarn upgrade vux // 更新
    
    • 安装和配置vux-loader

    vux2必须配合vux-loader使用,并配置build/webpack.base.conf.js //新版脚手架可能不用配这个

    npm install vux-loader --save-dev
    
    • 安装less-loader(用以正确编译less源码)
    npm install less less-loader --save-dev
    
    • 安装yaml-loader以进行语言文件读取
    npm install yaml-loader --save-dev
    
    • 使用

    以下是从官方文档中copy的一段代码,展示效果如下图:

    <template>
      <div>
        <v-chart :data="data" prevent-default>
          <v-scale x :tick-count="3" />
          <v-tooltip :show-item-marker="false" show-x-value />
          <v-line />
        </v-chart>
      </div>
    </template>
    
    <script>
    import { VChart, VTooltip, VLine, VScale } from 'vux'
    
    export default {
      components: {
        VChart,
        VTooltip,
        VLine,
        VScale
      },
      data () {
        return {
          data: [
            { date: '2017-06-05', value: 116 },
            { date: '2017-06-06', value: 129 },
            { date: '2017-06-07', value: 135 },
            { date: '2017-06-08', value: 86 },
            { date: '2017-06-09', value: 73 },
            { date: '2017-06-10', value: 85 },
            { date: '2017-06-11', value: 73 },
            { date: '2017-06-12', value: 68 },
            { date: '2017-06-13', value: 92 },
            { date: '2017-06-14', value: 130 },
            { date: '2017-06-15', value: 245 },
            { date: '2017-06-16', value: 139 },
            { date: '2017-06-17', value: 115 },
            { date: '2017-06-18', value: 111 },
            { date: '2017-06-19', value: 309 },
            { date: '2017-06-20', value: 206 },
            { date: '2017-06-21', value: 137 },
            { date: '2017-06-22', value: 128 },
            { date: '2017-06-23', value: 85 },
            { date: '2017-06-24', value: 94 },
            { date: '2017-06-25', value: 71 },
            { date: '2017-06-26', value: 106 },
            { date: '2017-06-27', value: 84 },
            { date: '2017-06-28', value: 93 },
            { date: '2017-06-29', value: 85 },
            { date: '2017-06-30', value: 73 },
            { date: '2017-07-01', value: 83 },
            { date: '2017-07-02', value: 125 },
            { date: '2017-07-03', value: 107 },
            { date: '2017-07-04', value: 82 },
            { date: '2017-07-05', value: 44 },
            { date: '2017-07-06', value: 72 },
            { date: '2017-07-07', value: 106 },
            { date: '2017-07-08', value: 107 },
            { date: '2017-07-09', value: 66 },
            { date: '2017-07-10', value: 91 },
            { date: '2017-07-11', value: 92 },
            { date: '2017-07-12', value: 113 },
            { date: '2017-07-13', value: 107 },
            { date: '2017-07-14', value: 131 },
            { date: '2017-07-15', value: 111 },
            { date: '2017-07-16', value: 64 },
            { date: '2017-07-17', value: 69 },
            { date: '2017-07-18', value: 88 },
            { date: '2017-07-19', value: 77 },
            { date: '2017-07-20', value: 83 },
            { date: '2017-07-21', value: 111 },
            { date: '2017-07-22', value: 57 },
            { date: '2017-07-23', value: 55 },
            { date: '2017-07-24', value: 60 }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
    </script>
    
    
    image-20200930170639098

    路由 Vue Router

    Vue路由使用 Vue router,具体使用方法详情,参见 Vue Router中文文档

    • 安装
    npm install vue-router
    
    • 使用

    具体使用见官方文档,内容较多,暂不记录

    需要显式的通过Vue.use()来安装VueRouter:

    import Vue from 'vue'
    import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
    
    Vue.use(VueRouter)
    

    状态管理 Vuex

    Vue使用Vuex进行状态管理,其核心思想同redux类型,详情参见 Vuex中文文档

    • 安装
    npm install vuex --save
    或
    yarn add vuex
    
    • 使用

    需要显式的通过Vue.use()来安装Vuex:

    import Vue from 'vue'
    import Vuex from 'vuex'
    
    Vue.use(Vuex)
    
    • 在项目中使用

    第一步:在src下新建文件夹 store,在文件夹下新建4个文件

    + index.js
    + state.js
    + action.js
    + motation.js
    

    第二步:在 state.js action.js motation.js中分别编写对应的代码:

    state.js

    const state = {
      name: 'cherish',
      age: 26,
      sex: 'male',
      birthday: '1994-10-22'
    }
    export default state
    

    action.js

    export default {
      // 这里写对应的代码  或参照 state.js的写法也可
    }
    

    motation.js

    export default {
      // 这里写对应的代码  或参照 state.js的写法也可
    }
    

    第三步:在 index.js中引入以上三个文件,引入Vuex,创建store

    import mutation from './mutation'
    import action from './action'
    import state from './state'
    import Vuex from 'vuex'
    // Vuex 状态管理的完整使用模式
    Vue.use(Vuex)
    const store = new Vuex.Store({
      state,
      mutation,
      action
    }) 
    export default store
    

    第四步:在组件中提交 motationaction

    在组件中使用 this.$store.commit('xxx') 提交 mutation,或者使用 mapMutations 辅助函数将组件中的 methods 映射为 store.commit 调用(需要在根节点注入 store

    // 提交motation
    import { mapMutations } from 'vuex'
    
    export default {
      // ...
      methods: {
        ...mapMutations([
          'increment', // 将 `this.increment()` 映射为 `this.$store.commit('increment')`
          // `mapMutations` 也支持载荷:
          'incrementBy' // 将 `this.incrementBy(amount)` 映射为 `this.$store.commit('incrementBy', amount)`
        ]),
        ...mapMutations({
          add: 'increment' // 将 `this.add()` 映射为 `this.$store.commit('increment')`
        })
      }
    }
    
    // 提交action
    import { mapActions } from 'vuex'
    
    export default {
      // ...
      methods: {
        ...mapActions([
          'increment', // 将 `this.increment()` 映射为 `this.$store.dispatch('increment')`
    
          // `mapActions` 也支持载荷:
          'incrementBy' // 将 `this.incrementBy(amount)` 映射为 `this.$store.dispatch('incrementBy', amount)`
        ]),
        ...mapActions({
          add: 'increment' // 将 `this.add()` 映射为 `this.$store.dispatch('increment')`
        })
      }
    }
    

    第五步:对于比较复杂的项目,可以将store模块化,最后在一个总的index.js组合起来

    具体实现参见Vuex核心概念——Modules

    这有点类似于 React 中的 dva.js 也有命名空间等概念

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/CherishTheYouth/p/CherishTheYouth_20201021.html
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