• 嵌入式Linux启动过程中的问题积累


    嵌入式Linux启动过程中的问题积累

    Dongas 07-12-19

    1.Bad Magic Number

    ## Booting image at 33000000 ...

    Bad Magic Number

    OMAP5912 OSK # (tftp下载好kernel的uImage后就停止在这,不能启动kernel)

    问题原因:启动参数设置错误,0x30000000处不可以执行。

    有的开发板sdram不是在0x33000000,所以不能把kernel uImage下载到0x33000000中运行。如我之前的bootcmd参数为:setenv bootcmd tftpboot 33000000 uImage/; bootm 33000000。但板子Omap5912的sdram地址在0x100000000,将参数改为setenv bootcmd tftpboot 10000000 uImage/; bootm 10000000后便可以启动kernel了。

    2.启动停止在"Starting kernel ..."

    TFTP from server 192.168.167.170; our IP address is 192.168.167.15

    Filename 'uImage'

    Load address: 0x10000000

    Loading: #################################################################

    #################################################################

    done

    Bytes transferred = 2025908 (1ee9b4 hex)

    ## Booting image at 10000000 ...

    Image Name: Linux-2.6.18-mh8_pro500-versatil

    Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

    Data Size: 2025844 Bytes = 1.9 MB

    Load Address: 30008000

    Entry Point: 30008000

    Verifying Checksum ... OK

    OK

    Starting kernel ... (卡在这里)

    问题原因:多半是kernel没编译成功。

    确认configure参数是否配置正确,是否选择了正确的目标编译平台,如smdk2410等。

    3.不能启动kernel

    Starting kernel ...

    Uncompressing Linux.........................................................

    .................... done, booting the kernel.

    问题原因:可能是Bootargs参数设置错误,确认bootargs设置是否正确。

    4.不能挂载nfs

    eth0: link up

    IP-Config: Complete:

    device=eth0, addr=192.168.167.15, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.167.254,

    host=192.168.167.15, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

    bootserver=192.168.167.170, rootserver=192.168.167.170, rootpath=

    Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.167.170

    Root-NFS: Unable to get nfsd port number from server, using default

    Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.167.170

    Root-NFS: Unable to get mountd port number from server, using default

    mount: server 192.168.167.170 not responding, timed out

    Root-NFS: Server returned error -5 while mounting /work/nfs/rootfs_bluetooth_omap

    VFS: Unable to mount root fs via NFS, trying floppy.

    VFS: Cannot open root device "nfs" or unknown-block(2,0)

    Please append a correct "root=" boot option

    Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(2,0)

    问题原因:这种情况通常是nfs配置问题。

    确认uboot的bootargs参数里和nfs相关的ip地址信息设置是否正确,以及Host机/etc/exports配置无误,重起nfs服务,重新尝试连接。另外还需要注意bootargs内console和mem两个参数的设置。kernel2.6后console最好设置为ttySAC0,mem也要根据开发板实际情况设置正确。

    5.文件系统不能启动问题

    eth0: link up

    IP-Config: Complete:

    device=eth0, addr=192.168.167.15, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.167.254,

    host=192.168.167.15, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

    bootserver=192.168.167.170, rootserver=192.168.167.170, rootpath=

    Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.167.170

    Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.167.170

    VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).

    Freeing init memory: 128K

    /sbin/initKernel panic - not syncing: Attempted to kill init!

    问题原因:制作的文件系统缺少运行busybox所需的libcrypt.so库,新版本会有缺库提示,老版本(1.60)没有。

    注:运行一个busybox文件系统至少需要如下几个库:

    ld-linux.so.x

    libc.so.6

    libcrypt.so.x

    较新版本的busybox可能还需要

    libm.so.6

    libgcc_s.so.x

    (x为版本号)

    6.文件系统不能启动问题2

    eth0: link up

    IP-Config: Complete:

    device=eth0, addr=192.168.167.15, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.167.254,

    host=192.168.167.15, domain=, nis-domain=(none),

    bootserver=192.168.167.170, rootserver=192.168.167.170, rootpath=

    Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.167.170

    Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.167.170

    VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).

    Freeing init memory: 128K

    Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel.

    问题原因:对比一个可用的文件系统后发现,缺少了ld-linux.so.x库,文件系统里只有ld-linux.so.x的连接文件,少拷了库文件。

    8.不能获得帐户UID信息

    Could not get password database information for UID of current process: User "???" unknown or no memory to allocate password entry

    Unknown username "root" in message bus configuration file

    Could not get password database information for UID of current process: User "???" unknown or no memory to allocate password entry

    Failed to start message bus: Could not get UID and GID for username "root"

    问题原因:

    情况一:系统帐户验证出现问题.怀疑是调用getuid、getguid时并没有返回正确值,可能是缺少帐户验证相关库,实际排查后发现,缺少libnss_files库。拷贝交叉编译器的libnss_files库到文件系统后,启动文件系统成功。

    情况二:系统没有root帐号。可以由whoami命令看出。

    手动创建帐号。

    #vi /etc/passwd

    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh

    kyo:x:500:500:kyo:/home/kyo:/bin/bash

    添加组

    #vi group

    root:x:0:root

    9.

    Freeing init memory: 128K

    init started: BusyBox v1.6.1 (2007-08-27 14:33:15 CST) multi-call binary

    starting pid 834, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS'

    Cannot run '/etc/init.d/rcS': No such file or directory

    Please press Enter to activate this console.

    发现没有/etc/init.d/rcS文件系统一样能正常启动。看来rcS只是用来设置一些随机启动的参数,对文件能否正常运行关系不大。

    注:这个不是错误,是偶然发现! :)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Charles-Zhang-Blog/p/3380827.html
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