Redis数据类型

1.String字符串

  string是redis最基本的类型，你可以理解成与Memcached一模一样的类型，一个key对应一个value。

  string类型是二进制安全的。意思是redis的string可以包含任何数据。比如jpg图片或者序列化的对象。

  string类型是Redis最基本的数据类型，一个redis中字符串value最多可以是512M。

1)Redis Key

 

#keys *

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

(empty list or set)

 

#set k1 v1

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1

OK

 

#exists key:判断某个key是否存在

127.0.0.1:6379> EXISTS k1

(integer) 1

 

#move key db:移动key到别处

127.0.0.1:6379> MOVE k1 1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "k3"

2) "k2"

127.0.0.1:6379> select 1

OK

127.0.0.1:6379[1]> keys *

1) "k1"

 

#expire key:为给定的key设置过期时间

#ttl key:查看还有多少秒过期，-1表示永不过期，-2表示已过期

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "k3"

2) "k2"

3) "k1"

127.0.0.1:6379> EXPIRE k1 10

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> keys *

1) "k3"

2) "k2"

 

#type key:查看key是什么类型

127.0.0.1:6379> type k1

string

 

2)Redis String

 

#set|get|del|append|strlen

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 v1

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> set k2 v2

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> set k3 v3

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"v1"

127.0.0.1:6379> del k1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> APPEND k2 xxxx

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> get k2

"v2xxxx"

127.0.0.1:6379> STRLEN k2

(integer) 6

 

#Incr|decr|incrby|decrby

#注：value值一定要是数字才能进行加减

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 1

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> INCR k1

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"2"

127.0.0.1:6379> DECR k1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> INCRBY k1 10

(integer) 11

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"11"

127.0.0.1:6379> DECRBY k1 10

(integer) 1

 

#getrange key start end:获取指定区间范围内的值，类似between......and的关系.从零到负一表示全部

#setrange key start str:设置指定区间范围内的值，格式是setrange key值 具体值

127.0.0.1:6379> set k1 abcdefgh

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 -1

"abcdefgh"

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 2

"abc"

127.0.0.1:6379> SETRANGE k1 1 xxx

(integer) 8

127.0.0.1:6379> GETRANGE k1 0 -1

"axxxefgh"

 

#setex key time value:设置带过期时间的key，动态设置

#setnx key value:在 key 不存在时设置 key 的值。

127.0.0.1:6379> SETEX k1 15 hello

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"hello"

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1

(integer) 9

127.0.0.1:6379> ttl k1

(integer) -2

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k1 hello

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"hello"

127.0.0.1:6379> setnx k1 hello2

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"hello"

127.0.0.1:6379> SETNX k6 hello2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> get k6

"hello2"

 

#mset key1 value1 key2 value2 ...:同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对

#mget key1 key2 ...:获取所有(一个或多个)给定 key 的值

#msetnx k1 value1 key2 value2...:同时设置一个或多个 key-value 对，当且仅当所有给定 key 都不存在

127.0.0.1:6379> mset k1 v1 k2 v2 k3 v3

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> mget k1 k2 k3

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX k3 v4 k4 v4

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> MSETNX k4 v4 k5 v5

(integer) 1

 

#getset key value:将给定 key 的值设为 value ，并返回 key 的旧值(old value)

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"v1"

127.0.0.1:6379> getset k1 hello

"v1"

127.0.0.1:6379> get k1

"hello"

2.List列表

  Redis 列表是简单的字符串列表，按照插入顺序排序。你可以添加一个元素导列表的头部（左边）或者尾部（右边）。底层实际是个链表

 

#lpush key value1 value2...|rpush key value1 value2...|lrange key start end[0 -1为全部]

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "3"

4) "2"

5) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list2 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

 

#LPOP list|RPOP list

127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list1

"5"

127.0.0.1:6379> LPOP list2

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list1

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOP list2

"5"

 

#lindex key index:按照索引下标获得元素(从上到下)

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

3) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "2"

2) "3"

3) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 3

(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list1 2

"2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINDEX list2 2

"4"

 

#llen key

127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN list1

(integer) 3

 

#LREM key num value:从left往right删除num 个值等于value的元素，返回的值为实际删除的数量

#LREM list3 0 值，表示删除全部给定的值。零个就是全部值

127.0.0.1:6379> RPUSH list3 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 5

(integer) 15

127.0.0.1:6379> LREM list3

(error) ERR wrong number of arguments for 'lrem' command

127.0.0.1:6379> LREM list3 2 3

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list3 0 -1

 1) "1"

 2) "1"

 3) "1"

 4) "2"

 5) "2"

 6) "2"

 7) "3"

 8) "4"

 9) "4"

10) "4"

11) "5"

12) "5"

13) "5"

 

#LTRIM key start end:截取指定索引区间的元素

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5 6

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "6"

2) "5"

3) "4"

4) "3"

5) "2"

6) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LTRIM list1 2 3

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "4"

2) "3"

 

#RPOPLPUSH key1 key2:移除列表的最后一个元素，并将该元素添加到另一个列表并返回

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list2 4 5 6

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "3"

2) "2"

3) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "6"

2) "5"

3) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> RPOPLPUSH list1 list2

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "3"

2) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list2 0 -1

1) "1"

2) "6"

3) "5"

4) "4"

 

#LSET key index value:将index位置的值更换为value

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "3"

2) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> LSET list1 1 xxx

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "3"

2) "xxx"

 

#LINSERT key before|after index value:在list某个已有值的前|后再添加具体值

127.0.0.1:6379> LPUSH list1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "3"

4) "2"

5) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list1 before 3 java

(integer) 6

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "java"

4) "3"

5) "2"

6) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> LINSERT list1 after  3 javaweb

(integer) 7

127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE list1 0 -1

1) "5"

2) "4"

3) "java"

4) "3"

5) "javaweb"

6) "2"

7) "1"

List总结

它是一个字符串链表，left、right都可以插入添加；

如果键不存在，创建新的链表；

如果键已存在，新增内容；

如果值全移除，对应的键也就消失了。

链表的操作无论是头和尾效率都极高，但假如是对中间元素进行操作，效率就很惨淡了。

3.Set集合

  Redis的Set是string类型的无序集合。它是通过HashTable实现的。

 

#sadd|smembers|sismember

127.0.0.1:6379> sadd set1 1 1 2 2 3 3

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SISMEMBER set1 a

(integer) 0

 

#SCARD:获取集合里面的元素个数

127.0.0.1:6379> SCARD set1

(integer) 3

 

# SREM key value:删除集合中元素

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> SREM set1 1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "2"

2) "3"

 

# SRANDMEMBER key num:随机出几个值

#num:超过最大数量就全部取出.如果写的值是负数，比如-3 ，表示需要取出3个，但是可能会有重复值

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2

1) "5"

2) "2"

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2

1) "3"

2) "4"

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2

1) "3"

2) "1"

127.0.0.1:6379> SRANDMEMBER set1 2

1) "3"

2) "1"

 

#SPOP key:随机出栈

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1

"4"

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1

"1"

127.0.0.1:6379> SPOP set1

"2"

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "3"

2) "5"

 

#SMOVE key1 key2:将key1里的某个值赋给key2

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> smove set1 set2 1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set1

1) "2"

2) "3"

3) "4"

4) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> SMEMBERS set2

1) "1"

 

#SDIFF key1 key2:在ey1里面而不在后面任何一个key2里面的项

#SINTER key1 key2:在key1中且在key2中含有

#SUNION key1 key2:在key1中且在key2中的并集

127.0.0.1:6379> FLUSHALL

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set1 1 2 3 4 5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> SADD set2 4 5 6 7 8

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set1 set2

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

127.0.0.1:6379> SDIFF set2 set1

1) "6"

2) "7"

3) "8"

127.0.0.1:6379> SINTER set1 set2

1) "4"

2) "5"

127.0.0.1:6379> SUNION set1 set2

1) "1"

2) "2"

3) "3"

4) "4"

5) "5"

6) "6"

7) "7"

8) "8"

 

4.Hash哈希

  Redis hash 是一个键值对集合。

  Redis hash是一个string类型的field和value的映射表，hash特别适合用于存储对象。类似于Java的Map的<String,Object>。

 

 

#hset|hget|hmset|hmget|hgetall|hdel

127.0.0.1:6379> HSET hash1 k1 v1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HGET hash1 k1

"v1"

127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET hash2 id 1 name pluto age 24

OK

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash1

1) "k1"

2) "v1"

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2

1) "id"

2) "1"

3) "name"

4) "pluto"

5) "age"

6) "24"

127.0.0.1:6379> HDEL hash1 k1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379>

 

#HLEN:计算hash的长度

127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN hash1

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> HLEN hash2

(integer) 3

 

#HEXISTS hashname key:在key里面的某个值的key

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2

1) "id"

2) "1"

3) "name"

4) "pluto"

5) "age"

6) "24"

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash2 id

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HEXISTS hash2 email

(integer) 0

 

 

#HKEYS|HVALS

127.0.0.1:6379> HKEYS hash2

1) "id"

2) "name"

3) "age"

127.0.0.1:6379> HVALS hash2

1) "1"

2) "pluto"

3) "24"

 

#HINCRBY|HINCRBYFLOAT:增加整数|增加小数

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2

(integer) 26

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2

(integer) 28

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBY hash2 age 2

(integer) 30

127.0.0.1:6379> hset hash2 score 91.5

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2

1) "id"

2) "1"

3) "name"

4) "pluto"

5) "age"

6) "30"

7) "score"

8) "91.5"

127.0.0.1:6379> HINCRBYFLOAT hash2 score 0.5

"92"

 

#HSETNX hash key value:不存在赋值，存在了不赋值

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2

1) "id"

2) "1"

3) "name"

4) "pluto"

5) "age"

6) "30"

7) "score"

8) "92"

127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX hash2 name plutoo

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> HSETNX hash2 email pluto@pluto.com

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL hash2

 1) "id"

 2) "1"

 3) "name"

 4) "pluto"

 5) "age"

 6) "30"

 7) "score"

 8) "92"

 9) "email"

10) "pluto@pluto.com"

5.Zset

  Redis zset 和 set 一样也是string类型元素的集合,且不允许重复的成员。

  不同的是每个元素都会关联一个double类型的分数。

  redis正是通过分数来为集合中的成员进行从小到大的排序。zset的成员是唯一的,但分数(score)却可以重复。

  在set基础上，加一个score值。之前set是k1 v1 v2 v3，现在zset是k1 score1 v1 score2 v2。

 

#ZADD |ZRANGE

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "60"

3) "v2"

4) "70"

5) "v3"

6) "80"

7) "v4"

8) "90"

 

#ZRANGEBYSCORE key start end

#ZRANGEBYSCORE key start (end:不包含end

#ZRANGEBYSCORE key (start (end:不包含start end

#ZRANGEBYSCORE key start end limit index num:返回限制，开始位置index 截取num个类似于分页

 

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 (90

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 (60 (90

1) "v2"

2) "v3"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 limit 2 2

1) "v3"

2) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "60"

3) "v2"

4) "70"

5) "v3"

6) "80"

7) "v4"

8) "90"

 

#ZRANGE:删除元素，项的值可以是多个

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM zset1 v1

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v2"

2) "v3"

3) "v4"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREM zset1 v2 v3

(integer) 2

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v4"

 

#ZCARD key:获取集合中元素个数

#ZCOUNT key start end:获取分数区间内元素个数

#ZRANK zset value:获取value在zset中的下标位置

#ZSCORE zset value:按照值获得对应的分数

127.0.0.1:6379> ZADD zset1 60 v1 70 v2 80 v3 90 v4 100 v5

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCARD zset1

(integer) 5

127.0.0.1:6379> ZCOUNT zset1 60 80

(integer) 3

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v2

(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> zscore zset1 v1

"60"

 

#|ZRANK|ZREVRANK key values:正序|逆序获得下标索引值

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1

1) "v1"

2) "v2"

3) "v3"

4) "v4"

5) "v5"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK zset1 v1

(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANK zset1 v5

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v1

(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANK zset1 v5

(integer) 4

 

#ZRANGE|ZREVRANGE :正序|逆序输出[key,value]

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

 1) "v1"

 2) "60"

 3) "v2"

 4) "70"

 5) "v3"

 6) "80"

 7) "v4"

 8) "90"

 9) "v5"

10) "100"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGE zset1 0 -1 withscores

 1) "v5"

 2) "100"

 3) "v4"

 4) "90"

 5) "v3"

 6) "80"

 7) "v2"

 8) "70"

 9) "v1"

10) "60"

 

#ZRANGEBYSCORE|ZREVRANGEBYSCORE  zset1 90 60 withscores:分数范围的正|反输出

127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores

1) "v1"

2) "60"

3) "v2"

4) "70"

5) "v3"

6) "80"

7) "v4"

8) "90"

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 60 90 withscores

(empty list or set)

127.0.0.1:6379> ZREVRANGEBYSCORE zset1 90 60 withscores

1) "v4"

2) "90"

3) "v3"

4) "80"

5) "v2"

6) "70"

7) "v1"

8) "60"

 

参考文档：Http://redisdoc.com/