第一种:实现Servlet接口
ServletDemo类
实现Servlet接口
public class ServletDemo implements Servlet {
//初始化该servlet()
//只会被调用一次(当用户第一次访问该servlet时被调用)。 @Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
//1.获取当前Servlet的配置信息,即web.xml中的init-param节点 String user = arg0.getInitParameter("user");
Enumeration<String> names = arg0.getInitParameterNames();
//2.获取Servlet的名称,即web.xml中的servlet-name节点的值
String servletName = arg0.getServletName();
//3.获取ServletContext对象
ServletContext servletContext = arg0.getServletContext();
//3.1.获取web应用的配置信息,即web.xml中的context-param节点
String driver = servletContext.getInitParameter("driver");
Enumeration<String> names1 = servletContext.getInitParameterNames();
//3.2.得到当前web应用下的某一文件在服务器上的绝对路径
String realPath = servletContext.getRealPath("a.txt");
//3.3.获取当前项目的名称
String contextPath = servletContext.getContextPath();
//3.4.获取当前Web应用的某一文件对应的输入流
InputStream inputStream = servletContext.getResourceAsStream("/WEB_INF/classes/f.txt"); }
//得到配置文件 @Override public ServletConfig getServletConfig() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; }
//这个函数用于处理业务逻辑
//程序员应当把业务逻辑写在这里
//会被调用多次,当用户每访问该servlet时,都会被调用
//req用于获得客户端(浏览器(b/s结构))的信息,res用于向客户端(浏览器)返回信息 @Override public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)throws ServletException, IOException {
//RequestAPI
// 1.根据name获取对应的请求值
String user = request.getParameter("user");
String pwd = request.getParameter("password");
// 2.根据name获取多个请求值(用于CheckBox)
String[] interestings = request.getParameterValues("interesting");
// 3.获取全部参数名
Enumeration<String> names = request.getParameterNames();
// 4.获取全部参数和值(键值对形式)
Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
for (Map.Entry<String, String[]> entry : map.entrySet()) {
System.out.println("**" + entry.getKey() + ":" + Arrays.asList(entry.getValue()));
}
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
// 5.获取请求的URI
String requstURI = httpServletRequest.getRequestURI();
// 6.获取请求的方式(POST OR GET)
String method = httpServletRequest.getMethod();
// 7.若是GET方式,则获取请求参数字符串(问号后的)
String queryString = httpServletRequest.getQueryString();
// Response
// 1.设置响应的内容类型
response.setContentType("application/msword");
// 2.页面上输出
PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();
writer.println("helloWorld!!!"); }
// 得到Servlet的相关信息 @Override public String getServletInfo() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; }
//销毁servlet实例(释放内存) @Override public void destroy() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub }
//构造函数,当第一次访问服务器的时候servlet容器会创建一个servlet实例,再次访问并不会再创建,所以Servlet是单实例的
public ServletDemo(){
}
}
配置和映射Servlet
- 两个servlet-name必须相同,名称可随意
- servlet-class为 ServletDemo类的全类名
- url-pattern为映射名:名称随意,"/"表示根目录
- 配置完后可通过 localhost:8080/项目名/servletdemo 可访问
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 配置ServletContext -->
<context-param>
<param-name>driver</param-name>
<param-value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</param-value>
</context-param>
<context-param>
<param-name>jdbcUrl</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置和映射 Servlet --> <servlet> <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.zhang.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置Servlet的初始化参数,必须在load-on-startup节点之前 -->
<init-param>
<param-name>user</param-name>
<param-value>root</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>password</param-name>
<param-value>123</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--
指定Servlet被创建的顺序
若为>=0,则在当前Web应用被Servlet容器加载时创建该Servlet实例(若为负数则还是在第一次访问服务器时创建)
数值越小越早被创建
-->
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet>
<!-- 一个servlet节点可以和多个servlet-mapping节点相匹配,也就是说一个servlet可以有多个虚拟路径 --> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Test</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servletdemo</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
第二种:继承抽象类形式 GenericServlet
GenericServlet类原理
GenericServlet类实现了Servlet接口、ServletConfig接口和Serializable接口
并在Init(ServletConfig config)方法中获得了ServletConfig对象从而实现ServletConfig接口中的getInitParameter(String name)、getServletContext()等方法
这就意味着:
- 继承GenericServlet类的子类只需要实现service方法
- 不能重写Init(ServletConfig config)方法,因为会覆盖原方法,从而无法得到内部的ServletConfig对象
- 但可以重写Init()方法。Init()方法是在GenericServlet类中定义的方法,Init(ServletConfig config)方法调用了Init()方法。
public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet, ServletConfig, Serializable{
...
private transient ServletConfig config;
//GenericServlet类中的Init方法
public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException{ this.config = config; init(); } public void init() throws ServletException{}
public abstract void service(ServletRequest paramServletRequest, ServletResponse paramServletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException;
...
}
ServletDemo2类
继承GenericServlet类
//通过继承GenericServlet类实现 Servlet开发 public class ServletDemo2 extends GenericServlet { @Override public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.getWriter().write("hello GenericServlet"); //直接往浏览器输出 } }
配置和映射Servlet
<servlet> <servlet-name>ServletDemo2</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.demo.ServletDemo2</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ServletDemo2</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servletdemo2</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
第三种:继承抽象类 HttpServlet
HttpServlet类原理
HttpServlet类继承了GenericServlet类
并在servlet(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)中获得其HttpServletRequest和HttpServletResponse对象
且根据getMethod方法获得了数据传输方式,根据传输方式的不同调用了不同的方法(doGet、doPost等)
所以只需重写doGet、doPost等方法就行了
public abstract class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet{
public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException{
HttpServletRequest request;
HttpServletResponse response; try{ request = (HttpServletRequest)req; response = (HttpServletResponse)res; } catch (ClassCastException e) { throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response"); } service(request, response); }
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException{
String method = req.getMethod();
if (method.equals("GET")) {
...
doGet(req, resp);
...
}
else if (method.equals("POST")) {
doPost(req, resp);
}
...
}
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException{
...
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException{
...
}
}
ServletDemo3类
继承HttpServlet类
//通过继承HttpServlet 开发Servlet //最常用的 public class ServletDemo3 extends HttpServlet { //处理get请求
//request用于获取客户端(浏览器)的信息
//response用于向客户端(浏览器)返回信息 @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doPost(request, response); } //处理post请求
//request用于获取客户端(浏览器)的信息
//response用于向客户端(浏览器)返回信息 @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");//设置编码 PrintWriter pw=response.getWriter(); pw.write("第三种继承HttpServlet");//输出 }
}
配置和映射Servlet
<servlet> <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name> <servlet-class>cn.itcast.servlet.demo.ServletDemo3</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>ServletDemo3</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servletdemo3</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>