• Oracle_PL/SQL(8) 动态sql


    动态sql
    0.pl/sql块的限制
    不能执行ddl操作(create、drop、alter);
    不能执行部分dcl操作(grant、revoke)。

    1.语法
    动态sql:在执行时才能确定要执行的sql语句。
    在pl/sql块中编写动态sql语句时,需要将sql语句存放到字符串变量中,
    而且sql可以包含占位符。
    execute immediate dynamic_string
    dynamic_string :是存放要被执行的sql语句的字符串变量。

    2.用途
    可处理:
    ddl语句(create,alter,drop),
    dcl语句(grant,revoke),
    dml语句(insert,update,delete)
    单行select语句
    多行select语句需要和游标联合使用。

    3.ddl操作
    execute immediate后面只需要带有ddl语句
    create or replace procedure drop_table(table_name varchar2)
    is
    sql_statement varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_statement:='drop table '||table_name;
    execute immediate sql_statement;
    end;
    /
    exec drop_table('emp_log');

    4.dcl操作(grant、revoke)
    conn sys/123 as sysdba;
    create or replace procedure grant_sys_priv(priv varchar2,username varchar2)
    is
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='grant '||priv||' to '||username;
    execute immediate sql_stat;
    end;
    /
    --授权前检查
    select * from user_sys_privs;
    --授权
    exec grant_sys_priv('create any table','scott')
    --grant create any view,drop any view to scott;

    create or replace procedure revoke_sys_priv(priv varchar2,username varchar2)
    is
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='revoke '||priv||' from '||username;
    execute immediate sql_stat;
    end;
    /

    5.dml操作
    5.1 sql语句不需要参数
    declare
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    --update emp set sal=sal*1.1 where deptno=30;
    sql_stat:='update emp set sal=sal*1.1 where deptno=30';
    execute immediate sql_stat;
    end;

    5.2 sql语句需要参数
    : 占位符--》绑定变量
    using 传递参数
    & 从客户端接收参数
    declare
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='update emp set sal=sal*(1+:percent/100) where deptno=:dno';
    execute immediate sql_stat using &percent,&dno;
    end;
    改造:
    create or replace procedure proc_emp_addsal(p_dno number,p_percent number)
    is
    begin
    update emp set sal=sal*(1+p_percent/100) where deptno=p_dno;
    end;

    6.单行select语句
    需要使用into子句接受返回数据
    语法:
    execute immediate dynamic_string
    [into (define_variable|record)]
    [using bind_argument]

    declare
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    v_ename emp.ename%type;
    begin
    sql_stat:='select ename from emp where empno=:enp';
    execute immediate sql_stat into v_ename using &enp;
    dbms_output.put_line('雇员:'||v_ename);
    end;
    改造:
    create or replace function func_emp_ename(p_empno number) return varchar2
    is
    v_ename emp.ename%type;
    begin
    select ename into v_ename from emp where empno=p_empno;
    return v_ename;
    end;

    7.多行select语句
    7.1 使用游标
    为了处理动态的多行查询操作,必须要使用open-for语句打开游标,
    使用fetch循环提取数据,close关闭游标
    declare
    type empcurtyp is ref cursor;
    emp_cv empcurtyp;
    emp_record emp%rowtype;
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='select * from emp where deptno=:dno';
    open emp_cv for sql_stat using &dno;
    loop
    fetch emp_cv into emp_record;
    exit when emp_cv%notfound;
    dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||emp_record.ename||',工资:'||emp_record.sal);
    end loop;
    close emp_cv;
    end;

    7.2 bulk collect into 集合
    bulk collect批量操作
    declare
    type ename_table_type is table of emp%rowtype;
    ename_table ename_table_type;
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='select * from emp where deptno=:dno';
    execute immediate sql_stat bulk collect into ename_table using &dno;
    for i in 1..ename_table.count loop
    dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||ename_table(i).ename||',工资:'||ename_table(i).sal);
    end loop;
    end;

    改造:
    create or replace procedure proc_emp_enamesal(p_dno number)
    is
    begin
    for rs in (select * from emp where deptno=p_dno) loop
    dbms_output.put_line('雇员名:'||rs.ename||',工资:'||rs.sal);
    end loop;
    end;
    /

    exec proc_emp_enamesal(20);

    8.实际工作中的用途
    8.1 对于分表处理
    create or replace procedure proc_stu (p_tab varchar2,p_id number)
    is
    type ename_table_type is table of stu_oracle%rowtype;
    ename_table ename_table_type;
    sql_stat varchar2(100);
    begin
    sql_stat:='select * from '||p_tab||' where id='||p_id;
    execute immediate sql_stat bulk collect into ename_table;
    for i in 1..ename_table.count loop
    dbms_output.put_line('学生名:'||ename_table(i).sname);
    end loop;
    end;
    /
    show err;

    begin
    proc_stu('stu_java',11);
    end;

    8.2 对拼接函数通用功能的实现
    create or replace function func_concat(p_expectfield varchar2,
    p_expecttable varchar2,p_expectcause varchar2) return varchar2
    is
    /*
    函数功能:获取单个属性将其拼成一行
    参数说明:p_expectfield 查询字段
    p_expecttable 查询主表
    p_expectcause 查询条件
    */
    v_sql varchar2(4000):='';
    type type_cursor is ref cursor;
    v_cur type_cursor;
    v_per varchar2(4000):='';
    v_cnt number:=0;
    v_return varchar2(4000):='';
    begin
    v_sql:='select '||p_expectfield||' from '||p_expecttable||' where '||p_expectcause;
    open v_cur for v_sql;
    loop
    fetch v_cur into v_per;
    exit when v_cur%notfound;
    if v_cnt=0 then
    v_return:=v_per;
    else
    v_return:=v_return||','||v_per;
    end if;
    v_cnt:=v_cnt+1;
    end loop;
    close v_cur;
    return v_return;
    end func_concat;
    /
    show err;

    select func_concat('ename','emp','1=1') from dual;
    select func_concat('distinct job','emp','deptno=20') from dual;
    select func_concat('dname','dept','1=1') from dual;
    --select ename from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and dept.deptno=20;
    select func_concat('ename','emp,dept','emp.deptno=dept.deptno and dept.deptno=20') from dual;
    --select job from emp where ename='scott1';
    select func_concat('job','emp','ename=''scott1''') from dual;
    --select ename from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and lower(dname)='sales';
    select func_concat('ename','emp,dept','emp.deptno=dept.deptno and lower(dname)=''sales''') from dual;

    作业:
    1.用动态sql创建表,给表增加列、删除列、修改列长度;
    2.用动态sql创建表,给表增加主键约束、唯一键约束、外键约束;
    3.用动态sql截断表;
    4.用动态sql实现部门表的Insert、Delete功能

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/BradMiller/p/9279712.html
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