Django 小实例S1 简易学生选课管理系统 第10节——老师课程业务实现
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作者自我介绍：b站小UP主，时常直播编程+红警三，python1对1辅导老师。
课程模块中，老师将要使用到的功能有：
- 创建课程
- 添加、删除课程时刻表
- 查看课程列表
- 操作课程：修改状态，给学生打分
这里一个一个实现
首先，在course/views.py中将课程的模型类全部导入，以便后面使用
from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse
1 - 创建课程
首先需要实现的是创建课程的表单，
新建course/forms.py如下
from django import forms
from .models import Course, Schedule, StudentCourse
class CourseForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Course
exclude = ['status', 'teacher']
同时对于新建课程的请求，在constants.py中添加一个非法请求的响应如下
INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD = "Invalid request method."
新建对应模板templates/course/teacher/create_course.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}创建课程{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>创建课程</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="创建"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' "teacher"%}")' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
再在course/views.py中导入CourseForm类和INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD常量，然后添加代码如下
def create_course(request):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
if request.method == 'POST':
form = CourseForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.status = 1
obj.teacher = user
obj.save()
return redirect(reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
elif request.method == 'GET':
form = CourseForm()
else:
return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_course.html', {'info': info, 'form': form})
2 - 添加、删除课程时刻表
先需要实现的是添加课程时刻表的表单，
在course/forms.py中添加代码如下
class ScheduleForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = Schedule
exclude = ["course"]
新建对应模板templates/course/teacher/create_schedule.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}创建时刻表{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>创建时刻表: [{{ course.id }}] {{ course.name }}</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="创建"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='window.open("{% url 'view_detail' course.id%}")' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
在course/views.py中导入这个表单，
然后添加代码如下
def create_schedule(request, course_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
if request.method == 'POST':
form = ScheduleForm(request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
obj = form.save(commit=False)
obj.course = course
obj.save()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))
elif request.method == 'GET':
form = ScheduleForm()
else:
return HttpResponse(INVALID_REQUEST_METHOD)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/create_schedule.html', {'info': info, 'form': form, "course": course})
def delete_schedule(request, schedule_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
schedule = Schedule.objects.get(pk=schedule_id)
course_id = request.GET.get("course_id") or schedule.course.id
schedule.delete()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course_id}))
3 查看课程列表
在本项目中，老师和学生的个人主页就是其课程主页，将展示其所有课程列表。
为老师的课程主页添加模板templates/course/teacher/home.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}HomePage{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<div class="main-container">
<div class="main-bar">
<form class="search-form" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input class="input" id="search-key" type="text" name="search" {% if search_key != None %}value="{{ search_key }}" {% endif %}/>
<input class="button" type="submit" value="搜索课程" />
</form>
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="创建课程" onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_course' %}")' />
</div>
<table class="item-list course-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="course-no">课程编号</th>
<th class="course-name">名称</th>
<th class="course-credit">学分</th>
<th class="course-number">当前人数<br>/总人数</th>
<th class="course-year">年份</th>
<th class="course-semester">学期</th>
<th class="course-status">状态</th>
<th class="course-operation">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for course in course_list %}
<tr id="course-id-{{ course.id }}">
<td class="course-no">{{ course.id }}</td>
<td class="course-name">{{ course.name }}</td>
<td class="course-credit">{{ course.credit }}</td>
<td class="course-number">{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
<td class="course-year">{{ course.year }}</td>
<td class="course-semester">{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
<td class="course-status">{{ course.get_status_text }}</td>
<td class="course-operation">
{% if course.status < 4 %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id course.status %}"' />
{% endif %}
{% if course.status == 4 %}
{# 结课后给分 #}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="{{ course.get_op_text }}"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
{% else %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="查看详情"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'view_detail' course.id %}"' />
{% endif %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% endblock %}
查看课程列表要写在老师的主页视图中
即修改course/views.py中的teacher_home如下
def teacher_home(request):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
is_search = False
search_key = ""
if request.method == "POST":
search_key = request.POST.get("search")
if search_key:
is_search = True
context = {"info": info}
q = Q(teacher=user)
if is_search:
q = q & Q(name__icontains=search_key)
context["search_key"] = search_key
context["course_list"] = Course.objects.filter(q).order_by('status')
return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', context)
里面使用了django.db.models.Q类，所以要在开头添加代码from django.db.models import Q导入这个类
补充说明：这里面还实现了一个搜索框，能够根据关键词去搜索课程。
为了不使用js，搜索框的信息是通过post表单信息来提交的。
4 操作课程
老师在课程主页，可以进行常规的课程状态修改：
开始选课，结束选课，结课。
而打分则需要在课程详情页去给。
所以这里一方面要实现一个课程主页的操作视图，
也要实现一个课程详情页视图，打分在本文第五部分去做。
先添加一个课程详情页的模板文件templates/course/teacher/course.html如下：
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}课程详情{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>课程详情<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="返回主页"
onclick='window.open("{% url 'course' 'teacher'%}")'/></h3>
<table class="item-list detail-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>课程编号</th>
<th>名称</th>
<th>学分</th>
<th>当前人数/总人数</th>
<th>年份</th>
<th>学期</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>{{ course.id }}</td>
<td>{{ course.name }}</td>
<td>{{ course.credit }}</td>
<td>{{ course.get_current_count }}/{{ course.max_number }}</td>
<td>{{ course.year }}</td>
<td>{{ course.get_semester_display }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>上课时间<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="添加时间表" onclick='window.open("{% url 'create_schedule' course.id%}")'/></h3>
<table class="item-list schedule-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="schedule-no">编号</th>
<th class="schedule-no">详情</th>
<th class="schedule-no">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for schedule in schedules %}
<tr>
<td>{{ schedule.id }}</td>
<td>{{ schedule }}</td>
<td>
<input class="button" type="button" value="删除"
onclick='window.open("{% url 'delete_schedule' schedule.id%}?course_id={{ course.id }}")'/>
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>学生列表
{% if course.status == 4 %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="给分完成" onclick='location.href="{% url 'handle_course' course.id 4%}"' />
{% endif %}
</h3>
<table class="item-list student-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="student-no">学生学号</th>
<th class="student-name">学生姓名</th>
<th class="student-email">学生邮箱</th>
<th class="student-score">得分</th>
<th class="student-comments">评价</th>
<th class="operation">操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for cs in course_students %}
<tr>
<td>{{ cs.student.get_id}}</td>
<td>{{ cs.student.name }}</td>
<td>{{ cs.student.email }}</td>
<td>
{% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
{% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.scores }}{% endif %}
</td>
<td>
{% if cs.scores == None %}-{% endif %}
{% if cs.scores != None %}{{ cs.comments }}{% endif %}
</td>
<td class="operation">
{% if course.status == 4 %}
{% if cs.scores == None %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="给分"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}"' />
{% else %}
<input class="button right-button" type="button" value="修改成绩"
onclick='location.href="{% url 'score' cs.id%}?update=1"' />
{% endif %}
{% else %}
-
{% endif %}
</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% if course.status == 5 %}
<h3>学生评价</h3>
<table class="item-list student-list">
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="student-score">学生评分</th>
<th class="student-comments">学生评价</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
{% for cs in sorted_course_students %}
{% if cs.rating != None %}
<tr>
<td>{{ cs.rating }}</td>
<td>{{ cs.assessment }}</td>
</tr>
{% endif %}
{% endfor %}
</tbody>
</table>
{% endif %}
{% endblock %}
在course/views.py中添加代码如下
def handle_course(request, course_id, handle_kind):
"""
:param request:
:param course_id:
:param handle_kind:
1: "开始选课",
2: "结束选课",
3: "结课",
4: "给分完成"
:return:
"""
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
if course.status == handle_kind and course.status < 5:
if course.status == 4:
scs = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
all_given = True
res = ""
for sc in scs:
if sc.scores is None:
all_given = False
res += "<div>%s 未打分</div>" % sc.student
if all_given:
course.status += 1
course.save()
return redirect(reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": course.id}))
else:
return HttpResponse(res)
else:
course.status += 1
course.save()
course_list = Course.objects.filter(teacher=user)
return render(request, 'course/teacher/home.html', {'info': info, 'course_list': course_list})
def view_detail(request, course_id):
user = get_user(request, "teacher")
if not user:
return redirect(reverse("login", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"}))
info = {
"name": user.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
course = Course.objects.get(pk=course_id)
c_stu_list = StudentCourse.objects.filter(course=course)
sche_list = Schedule.objects.filter(course=course)
context = {
"info": info,
"course": course,
"course_students": c_stu_list,
"schedules": sche_list
}
if course.status == 5:
sorted_cs_list = sorted(c_stu_list, key=lambda cs: cs.scores)
context["sorted_course_students"] = sorted_cs_list
return render(request, "course/teacher/course.html", context)
5 打分
学生的分数是记录在学生课程关系表中的，
在学生选课成功后会新建一条对应的数据。
给分，则是修改其中的分数字段，即对学生课程表模型进行更新。
这里我们首选CBVs中的UpdateView,
不过要先给这个视图建立一个表单，在course/forms.py中添加代码如下
class ScoreForm(forms.ModelForm):
class Meta:
model = StudentCourse
fields = ["student", "course", "scores", "comments"]
student = forms.CharField(label="学生", disabled=True)
# course = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly': 'readonly'}))
course = forms.CharField(label="课程", disabled=True)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.initial['student'] = self.instance.student
self.initial['course'] = self.instance.course
def clean_student(self):
return self.initial['student']
def clean_course(self):
return self.initial['course']
新建course/cbvs.py如下：
from django.views.generic.edit import DeleteView, CreateView, UpdateView
from django.views.generic.detail import DetailView
from django.shortcuts import render, reverse, redirect
# Relative import of GeeksModel
from .models import Schedule, StudentCourse
from .forms import ScoreForm
class ScoreUpdateView(UpdateView):
model = StudentCourse
form_class = ScoreForm
template_name = 'course/teacher/score.html'
def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
self.object = self.get_object()
title = "给分"
if request.GET.get("update"):
title = "修改成绩"
info = {}
return_url = reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})
if self.object:
teacher = self.object.course.teacher
info = {
"name": teacher.name,
"kind": "teacher",
}
return_url = reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})
return self.render_to_response(self.get_context_data(info=info, title=title, return_url=return_url))
def get_success_url(self):
if self.object:
return reverse("view_detail", kwargs={"course_id": self.object.course.id})
else:
return reverse("course", kwargs={"kind": "teacher"})
同时补上其对应的模板文件templates/course/teacher/score.html如下
{% extends "course/nav.html" %}
{% block title %}{{ title }}{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
<h3>{{ title }}</h3>
<div class="form create-update-from">
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
{{form.as_p}}
<div class="submit-button">
<input type="submit" value="确定"/>
<input type="button" value="返回" onclick='location.href="{{ return_url }}"' />
</div>
</form>
</div>
{% endblock %}
5 添加url
上面已经把老师需要的视图方法全部实现完毕了，接下来就是添加到路由里面。
修改后的course/urls.py如下
from django.urls import path
from course.views import *
from course.cbvs import ScoreUpdateView
urlpatterns = [
path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
path('<slug:kind>/', home, name="course"),
path('teacher/create_course', create_course, name="create_course"),
path('teacher/view_detail/<int:course_id>', view_detail, name="view_detail"),
path('teacher/create_schedule/<int:course_id>', create_schedule, name="create_schedule"),
path('teacher/delete_schedule/<int:schedule_id>', delete_schedule, name="delete_schedule"),
path('teacher/score/<int:pk>', ScoreUpdateView.as_view(), name="score"),
path('teacher/handle_course/<int:course_id>/<int:handle_kind>', handle_course, name="handle_course"),
]
6 效果
创建课程页面：
教师主页：
教师课程详情页：
添加课程时刻表页面：
