数据结构化与保存

1. 将新闻的正文内容保存到文本文件。

def writeToDocument(filename, content):
    f = open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8')
    f.write(content)
    f.close()

2. 将新闻数据结构化为字典的列表:

（1）单条新闻的详情-->字典news

def getNewsDetail(newsUrl):
    resdet = requests.get(newsUrl)
    resdet.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soupdet = BeautifulSoup(resdet.text, 'html.parser')
    news = {}

    news['title'] = soupdet.select('.show-title')[0].text

    if (soupdet.select('.show-info')):
        showinfo = soupdet.select('.show-info')[0].text
        date = showinfo.lstrip("发布时间:")[:19]
        news['dateTime'] = datetime.strptime(date, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')

        if (showinfo.find('作者') > 0):
            news['author'] = re.search('作者：((.{2,4}s|.{2,4}、|.{2,4}，|w*s){1,5})', showinfo).group(1)
            # newsdetail['author'] = re.search('作者：(.*)s*审|来|摄|点', showinfo).group(1)
        else:
            news['author'] = 'none'

        if (showinfo.find('审核') > 0):
            news['checker'] = re.search('审核：((.{2,4}s|.{2,4}、|.{2,4}，|w*s){1,5})', showinfo).group(1)
            # newsdetail['checker'] = re.search('审核：(.*)s*来|摄|点', showinfo).group(1)
        else:
            news['checker'] = 'none'

        if (showinfo.find('来源') > 0):
            news['source'] = re.search('来源：(.*)s*摄|点', showinfo).group(1)
        else:
            news['source'] = 'none'

        if (showinfo.find('摄影') > 0):
            news['photographer'] = re.search('摄影：((.{2,4}s|.{2,4}、|.{2,4}，|w*s){1,5})', showinfo).group(1)
            # newsdetail['photographer'] = re.search('摄影：(.*)s*点', showinfo).group(1)
        else:
            news['photographer'] = 'none'

        news['clicktimes'] = getClickCount(newsUrl)
    else:
        return

    if (soupdet.select('.show-content')):
        news['contentdetail'] = soupdet.select('#content')[0].text
    else:
        return

    news['newsUrl'] = newsUrl

    # writeToDocument('gzccNews.txt', contentdetail)

    # print("发表时间：{0}  作者：{1}  审核：{2}  来源：{3}  摄像：{4}  点击次数：{5} 次".format(
    #     news['dateTime'], news['author'], news['checker'], news['source'], news['photographer'], news['clicktimes']))
    # print(newsdetail['contentdetail'])
    # print(newsdetail)

    return news

（2）一个列表页所有单条新闻汇总-->列表newsls.append(news)

def getListDetail(ListPageUrl):
    resl = requests.get(ListPageUrl)
    resl.encoding = 'utf-8'
    soupl = BeautifulSoup(resl.text, 'html.parser')
    gzccNewslist = {}
    newsls = []
    for news in soupl.select('li'):
        if len(news.select('.news-list-title')) > 0:
            gzccNewslist['title'] = news.select('.news-list-title')[0].text
            gzccNewslist['description'] = news.select('.news-list-description')[0].text
            gzccNewslist['info'] = news.select('.news-list-info')[0].text
            gzccNewslist['address'] = news.select('a')[0]['href']

            # print("
标题： {0}
描述： {1}
信息： {2}
链接： {3}".format(
            #     gzccNewslist['title'], gzccNewslist['description'], gzccNewslist['info'], gzccNewslist['address']))

            # print(list)

            newsls.append(getNewsDetail(gzccNewslist['address']))
    return newsls

（3）所有列表页的所有新闻汇总列表newstotal.extend(newsls)

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_CTYPE, 'chinese')
newstotal = []
Listurl = "http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/"
pagecount = getPageNum(Listurl)
for i in range(1, pagecount + 1):
    if (i == 1):
        ListPageUrl = Listurl
    else:
        ListPageUrl = Listurl + '{}.html'.format(i)
    newstotal.extend(getListDetail(ListPageUrl))
    break

3. 安装pandas，用pandas.DataFrame(newstotal)，创建一个DataFrame对象df.

df = pandas.DataFrame(gzccNews)

4. 通过df将提取的数据保存到csv或excel 文件。

df.to_excel('gzccnews.xlsx')

5. 用pandas提供的函数和方法进行数据分析：

（1）提取包含点击次数、标题、来源的前6行数据

df[['clicktimes', 'title', 'source']].head(6)
print(df[['clicktimes', 'title', 'source']].head(6))

（2）提取‘学校综合办’发布的，‘点击次数’超过3000的新闻。

df[(df['clicktimes'] > 3000) & (df['source'] == '学校综合办')]
print(df[(df['clicktimes'] > 3000) & (df['source'] == '学校综合办')])

（3）提取'国际学院'和'学生工作处'发布的新闻。

soulist = ['国际学院', '学生工作处']
print(df[df['source'].isin(soulist)])