说明：此操作在centos7下进行，如果是centos6发行版，需要注意格式化LV的文件系统类型（centos7.0开始默认文件系统是xfs，centos6是ext4）、最后一步写入系统的类型
查看当前磁盘
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# df -Th
Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 44G 3.7G 41G 9% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 777M 7.0G 10% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 xfs 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 36K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 40K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001
查看块分区
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 44G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vdb 252:16 0 974G 0 disk
可以看到 /dev/vdb 为新增的磁盘
格式化磁盘
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# parted /dev/vdb
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/vdb
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Error: /dev/vdb: unrecognised disk label
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 1046GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: unknown
Disk Flags:
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0 1045GB
Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance.
Ignore/Cancel? i
(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 1046GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1045GB 1045GB primary
(parted) set 1 lvm on
(parted) print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdb: 1046GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 17.4kB 1045GB 1045GB primary lvm
(parted) quit
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab
以上 (parted) 开头的代表输入的命令，具体功能可以通过 help 查看
重读分区表
partprobe /dev/vdb
重新查看块分区
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 44G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vdb 252:16 0 974G 0 disk
└─vdb1 252:17 0 973.2G 0 part
可以看到vdb下多了vdb1，这个用来创建pv
创建PV
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# pvcreate -v /dev/vdb1
Wiping internal VG cache
Wiping cache of LVM-capable devices
Wiping signatures on new PV /dev/vdb1.
Set up physical volume for "/dev/vdb1" with 2041015592 available sectors.
Zeroing start of device /dev/vdb1.
Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/vdb1".
Physical volume "/dev/vdb1" successfully created.
注意
PV创建好之后，到这一步可以选择扩展或者新建挂载点，扩容的前提条件是扩容挂载点的磁盘格式是LVM格式，这里先演示新建挂载点然后删除挂载点并扩容
新增LVM挂载
查看PV
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vda2
VG Name centos
PV Size <49.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12543
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 12543
PV UUID CCUeq0-ZnG9-iUY8-dPOj-fVOa-XC10-ooGyle
"/dev/vdb1" is a new physical volume of "973.23 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/vdb1
VG Name
PV Size 973.23 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID vUoC7C-MIP2-iwXr-0SWu-c2Wz-yb6o-qFrfo1
注意看 VG Name，前面的是系统安装时选择LVM格式的，后面的还没有创建，所以 VG Name 为空
新建VG
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# vgcreate -s 4M vg01 /dev/vdb1
Volume group "vg01" successfully created
查看VG
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg01
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 973.23 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 249147
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 249147 / 973.23 GiB
VG UUID hb8zoy-kKjU-VXD5-EjCN-8hS2-MOzf-lq3O5j
--- Volume group ---
VG Name centos
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size <49.00 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 12543
Alloc PE / Size 12543 / <49.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID kSwsMj-4FKB-zwFq-7MBq-EfOD-rccg-HC59x9
可以看到 vg01 为新建的VG
新建LV
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv01 vg01
Logical volume "lv01" created
格式化LV
格式化文件系统类型有xfs，ext4，这里测试使用ext4格式，默认centos7下使用xfs格式，centos6为ext4格式
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg01/lv01
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
63782912 inodes, 255126528 blocks
12756326 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2403336192
7786 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
新建挂载点并挂载
mkdir /app
mount /dev/vg01/lv01 /app
# 永久写入挂载点
# echo '/dev/vg01/lv01 /app xfs defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstab
查看新增挂载后的块分区
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 44G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vdb 252:16 0 974G 0 disk
└─vdb1 252:17 0 973.2G 0 part
└─vg01-lv01 253:2 0 973.2G 0 lvm /app
可以看到新增磁盘以LVM格式挂载在 /app 下
删除LVM挂载点
删除挂载点
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# umount -v /dev/vg01/lv01
umount: /app (/dev/mapper/vg01-lv01) unmounted
查看块设备
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 44G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vdb 252:16 0 974G 0 disk
└─vdb1 252:17 0 973.2G 0 part
└─vg01-lv01 253:2 0 973.2G 0 lvm
可以看到 /app 挂载点删除了，删除 /app 目录
rm -rf /app
删除LV
参数为 LV Path
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lvremove /dev/vg01/lv01
Do you really want to remove active logical volume vg01/lv01? [y/n]: y
Logical volume "lv01" successfully removed
删除VG
参数为 VG Name
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# vgremove vg01
Volume group "vg01" successfully removed
扩容VG
参数为 VG Name 和 PV Name
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/vdb1
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
此时 PV /dev/vdb1 全部扩展到 VG centos下
查看LV
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/swap
LV Name swap
VG Name centos
LV UUID PCx0yU-o9JZ-R92O-lI01-f8EU-DKyM-etst0H
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-12-24 16:46:31 +0800
LV Status available
# open 2
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 1280
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/centos/root
LV Name root
VG Name centos
LV UUID Idf9IO-AxkA-tS1C-FTgN-FsLT-d3Zk-7o1W5E
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2018-12-24 16:46:31 +0800
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size <44.00 GiB
Current LE 11263
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
通过查看，系统安装时选择的磁盘格式是LVM并且有两个分区，接下来扩展根分区
扩展LV分区
参数为 LV Path
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/centos/root
Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <44.00 GiB (11263 extents) to <1017.23 GiB (260410 extents).
Logical volume centos/root successfully resized
如果发现误操作，需要还原，可以通过以下命令缩小LV分区
lvreduce -L 1017.2G /dev/centos/root
加载扩容到系统
此时查看系统可以看到已经扩容，但没有加载到文件系统
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
vda 252:0 0 50G 0 disk
├─vda1 252:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
└─vda2 252:2 0 49G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 1017.2G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 5G 0 lvm [SWAP]
vdb 252:16 0 974G 0 disk
└─vdb1 252:17 0 973.2G 0 part
└─centos-root 253:0 0 1017.2G 0 lvm /
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 44G 3.7G 41G 9% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 777M 7.0G 10% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 36K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 1.6G 40K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001
加载扩容到系统
参数为 LV path，被扩容的挂载点一定是LVM格式
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2883328 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=11533312, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5631, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 11533312 to 266659840
说明：若使用ext4文件格式（centos6），是使用resize2fs命令来生效
查看磁盘
[root@fsddxtclgj9vm900419 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 1018G 3.7G 1014G 1% /
devtmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 7.8G 777M 7.0G 10% /run
tmpfs 7.8G 0 7.8G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/vda1 1014M 179M 836M 18% /boot
tmpfs 1.6G 36K 1.6G 1% /run/user/0
tmpfs 1.6G 40K 1.6G 1% /run/user/1001