Mockit是一个开源mock框架,官网:http://mockito.org/,源码:https://github.com/mockito/mockito
要使用Mockit,首先需要在我们工程中引入对应的jar包,对于maven工程而言,需要添加如下依赖项即可:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
<version>2.0.5-beta</version>
</dependency>
而在我们实际使用时,为了组织测试case的需要,我们可能还需要testng:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>6.8.8</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
在进行下面的mock test示例之前,我们先建两个简单的被测类Demo、ParameterClass。
Demo.java:
package com.anlegor.test;
public class Demo {
private String name ="laowang";
private int age;
public Demo(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public String speak(String str) {
return str;
}
public String talk(String str)
{
return str;
}
public String methodNoParameters()
{
return name;
}
public String methodCustomParameters(ParameterClass parameter,String str)
{
return str;
}
public String methodHaveChildObj(ParameterClass parameter,String str)
{
parameter.childTalk(str);
return str;
}
}
ParameterClass.java
package com.anlegor.test;
public class ParameterClass {
public ParameterClass() {
}
public String childTalk(String str)
{
return str;
}
}
我们在进行mock的时候,常见会有如下一些场景:
1、 构造无参函数的返回
/**
* 测试无参数函数mock
*/
@Test(priority=0)
public void testReturnDirect()
{
String mocked = "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.methodNoParameters()).thenReturn(mocked);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.methodNoParameters(), mocked);
}
2、构造有基本类型作为参数的返回
/**
* 测试任意基本类型参数函数mock
*/
@Test(priority=1)
public void testMethodWithParameter()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(word);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.speak("你好"), word);
}
3、构造有基本类型作为参数,但是只针对特定参数输入才mock返回值
/**
* 测试特定参数mock
*/
@Test(priority=2)
public void testMethodWithSpecificParameter()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.matches(".*大爷$"))).thenReturn(word);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.speak("隔壁李大爷"), word);
}
4、构造自定义类作为函数参数的返回,这种情况稍微复杂一些,需要实现一个matcher类
/**
* 测试自定义类型参数的mock
*/
@Test(priority=3)
public void testMethodWithCustomParameter()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.methodCustomParameters(Mockito.argThat(new IsParameterClass()),
Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(word);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.methodCustomParameters(new ParameterClass(), "你猜"), word);
}
//自定义一个与之匹配的matcher类
class IsParameterClass extends ArgumentMatcher<ParameterClass> {
public boolean matches(Object para) {
return para.getClass() == ParameterClass.class;
}
}
5、构造null返回
/**
* 测试mock的函数返回null
*/
@Test(priority=4)
public void testMethodWithReturnNull()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(null);
Assert.assertNotEquals(demo.speak("你猜"), word);
}
6、构造mock的函数抛出异常,当然我们可以在testng中设置expectedExceptions以显示声明会抛出指定类型的异常,这样该条case执行的时候就会成功
/**
* 测试mock的函数抛出异常
*/
@Test(expectedExceptions=org.mockito.exceptions.base.MockitoException.class,priority=5)
public void testMethodReturnException()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.anyString())).thenThrow(new Exception());
demo.speak("你猜");
}
7、某些反复调用,我们希望对于每次调用都返回不同的mock值
/**
* 测试mock的不同次调用返回不同的值
*/
@Test(priority=6)
public void testMethodMultiDiffReturn()
{
String word= "mocked Return 0";
String word1= "mocked Return 1";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(word).thenReturn(word1);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.speak("你猜"), word);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.speak("你猜"), word1);
}
8、验证函数执行是否经过了mock
/**
* 验证方法是否被mock且是否为所执行的参数调用
*/
@Test(expectedExceptions= org.mockito.exceptions.misusing.NotAMockException.class,priority=7)
public void testMockedMethodRun()
{
String word= "mocked Return";
Demo demo = Mockito.mock(Demo.class);
Mockito.when(demo.speak(Mockito.anyString())).thenReturn(word);
Assert.assertEquals(demo.speak("你猜"), word);
Mockito.verify(demo.speak("你猜"));
//下面这个参数的方法调用并没有被执行过,所以会抛出NotAMockException的异常
Mockito.verify(demo.speak("nicai"));
}
如果对于上面的反复使用Mockito.when***的写法很厌烦的话,就直接静态导入org.mockito.Mockito.*即可。
当然,mockito的作用也不仅仅如上面,更详细的使用可以 参考它很详细的帮助文档:
http://site.mockito.org/mockito/docs/current/org/mockito/Mockito.html
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作者:anlegor
来源:CSDN
原文:https://blog.csdn.net/Anlegor/article/details/44452011
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