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常用命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息 docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量 docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令,中间的"命令"替换为某个具体的指令,比如"image" -
帮助文档地址
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镜像命令
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docker images:查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 8 months ago 13.3kB #解释: REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源 TAG 镜像的标签 IMAGE ID 镜像的id CREATED 镜像的创建事件 SIZE 镜像的大小 # 可选项 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker images --help Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] List images Options: -a, --all # 列出所有镜像 -q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id #列出所有镜像的id docker images -aq -
docker search:搜索镜像
[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9945 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3638 [OK] Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided #只显示收藏数量在3000以上的 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 9945 [OK] mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3639 [OK]注:这里的内容从本质上说和在hub.docker上搜索的结果是一样的
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docker pull:下载镜像
#下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag](tag是版本号) [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker pull mysql Using default tag: latest 默认是最新版的 latest: Pulling from library/mysql bf5952930446: Pull complete #分层下载,docker images核心 联合文件系统 8254623a9871: Pull complete 938e3e06dac4: Pull complete ea28ebf28884: Pull complete f3cef38785c2: Pull complete 894f9792565a: Pull complete 1d8a57523420: Pull complete 6c676912929f: Pull complete 3cdd8ff735c9: Pull complete 4c70cbe51682: Pull complete e21cf0cb4dc3: Pull complete 28c36cd3abcc: Pull complete Digest: sha256:6ded54eb1e5d048d8310321ba7b92587e9eadc83b519165b70bbe47e4046e76a Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest docker.io/library/mysql:latest 真实地址 #由真实地址得出的两个等价命令 docker pull mysql docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest #指定版本下载(版本可查看hub.docker.com) docker mysql:5.7注:可以用的版本号应该来自
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docker rmi:删除镜像
#根据id删除镜像 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id #根据id删除多个镜像 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id #删除所有镜像 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)
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容器命令
说明:要现有一个镜像才能创建容器,这里以一个centos镜像测试学习
docker pull centos-
docker run[可选参数] image:新建容器并启动
#参数说明 --name="Name" #给容器取名 -d #以后台方式运行,类似于nohup -it #使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容 -p #指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080 -p #指定随机端口 #测试 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash #以bash的形式运行指令 [root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# ls #由前缀可以看出已经进入了容器 bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@2dc2e3d5eb90 /]# exit #退出容器的命令 exit -
docker ps:查看正在运行的容器
#参数说明 -a #all,查看所有历史上运行过的容器 -n=? #显示最近创建的n个容器 -q #与docker images命令的附加-q参数相同,即只显示容器id #测试: [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 2dc2e3d5eb90 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago inspiring_gagarin 5dcce85f2112 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 12 hours ago Exited (0) 12 hours ago distracted_lederberg 5adf71025107 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 13 hours ago Exited (0) 13 hours ago busy_mahavira -
退出容器
exit #停止容器并退出 ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出 -
删除容器
docker rm 容器id #删除指定id的容器,且该容器必须为已经停止的容器 docker rm -f 容器id #删除指定id的容器,且该容器可以为已经运行的容器 docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) #删除所有的容器 docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm #删除所有的容器注:完全退出容器(如:使用exit命令)并不代表就是将这个容器删了,使用
docker ps -aq命令还是可以查看到它们.想要真的删除还是要使用docker rm命令 -
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id #启动容器 docker restart 容器id #重启容器 docker stop 容器id #停止当前正在运行的容器(让容器自己停止) docker kill 容器id #强制停止当前容器(还有外部手段强制容器停止)
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常用其它命令
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docker run -d 镜像名:后台启动容器注:启动完成后,运行
docker ps,会发现根本搜寻不到,因为容器启动后必须要有执行的任务,否则docker发现没有应用,就会自动停止 -
docker log:查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 日志条数 容器id #查看日志 #测试 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 267946578eae 2020-09-10T01:52:34.002346246Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit 2020-09-10T01:52:34.002385790Z exit 2020-09-10T01:53:35.193824155Z [root@267946578eae /]# exit -
docker top 容器id:查看容器中进程信息(该容器需要为运行状态)[root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker start 267946578eae 267946578eae [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 4 seconds zealous_hawking [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker top 267946578eae UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 6854 6836 0 10:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash -
docker inspect 容器id:查看元数据#测试 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker inspect 267946578eae [ { "Id": "267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032", #id的全路径 "Created": "2020-09-10T01:52:28.101148498Z", "Path": "/bin/bash", "Args": [], "State": { "Status": "running", #状态:正在运行 "Running": true, "Paused": false, "Restarting": false, "OOMKilled": false, "Dead": false, "Pid": 6854, "ExitCode": 0, "Error": "", "StartedAt": "2020-09-10T02:20:30.117511469Z", "FinishedAt": "2020-09-10T01:53:35.203909156Z" }, "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566", #镜像来源 "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/resolv.conf", "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hostname", "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/hosts", "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032/267946578eaefdc9065879219c72b656f3cf874cb1bc99af005e115597310032-json.log", "Name": "/zealous_hawking", "RestartCount": 0, "Driver": "overlay2", "Platform": "linux", "MountLabel": "", "ProcessLabel": "", "AppArmorProfile": "", "ExecIDs": null, "HostConfig": { "Binds": null, "ContainerIDFile": "", "LogConfig": { "Type": "json-file", "Config": {} }, "NetworkMode": "default", "PortBindings": {}, "RestartPolicy": { "Name": "no", "MaximumRetryCount": 0 }, "AutoRemove": false, "VolumeDriver": "", "VolumesFrom": null, "CapAdd": null, "CapDrop": null, "Capabilities": null, "Dns": [], "DnsOptions": [], "DnsSearch": [], "ExtraHosts": null, "GroupAdd": null, "IpcMode": "private", "Cgroup": "", "Links": null, "OomScoreAdj": 0, "PidMode": "", "Privileged": false, "PublishAllPorts": false, "ReadonlyRootfs": false, "SecurityOpt": null, "UTSMode": "", "UsernsMode": "", "ShmSize": 67108864, "Runtime": "runc", "ConsoleSize": [ 0, 0 ], "Isolation": "", "CpuShares": 0, "Memory": 0, "NanoCpus": 0, "CgroupParent": "", "BlkioWeight": 0, "BlkioWeightDevice": [], "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null, "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null, "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null, "CpuPeriod": 0, "CpuQuota": 0, "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0, "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0, "CpusetCpus": "", "CpusetMems": "", "Devices": [], "DeviceCgroupRules": null, "DeviceRequests": null, "KernelMemory": 0, "KernelMemoryTCP": 0, "MemoryReservation": 0, "MemorySwap": 0, "MemorySwappiness": null, "OomKillDisable": false, "PidsLimit": null, "Ulimits": null, "CpuCount": 0, "CpuPercent": 0, "IOMaximumIOps": 0, "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0, "MaskedPaths": [ "/proc/asound", "/proc/acpi", "/proc/kcore", "/proc/keys", "/proc/latency_stats", "/proc/timer_list", "/proc/timer_stats", "/proc/sched_debug", "/proc/scsi", "/sys/firmware" ], "ReadonlyPaths": [ "/proc/bus", "/proc/fs", "/proc/irq", "/proc/sys", "/proc/sysrq-trigger" ] }, "GraphDriver": { "Data": { "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fe1013e525ea3b1dae1b9f612d861ff90165ff5dbb377e81ec4758166f07f00a/diff", "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/merged", "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/diff", "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/2cfa27ccb7989cc146409f7d5c11960fb676fda394d1d7ca32019d3b9d560a8a/work" }, "Name": "overlay2" }, "Mounts": [], "Config": { "Hostname": "267946578eae", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": true, "AttachStdout": true, "AttachStderr": true, "Tty": true, "OpenStdin": true, "StdinOnce": true, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/bash" ], "Image": "centos", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": null, "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809", "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2", "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image", "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0", "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS" } }, "NetworkSettings": { "Bridge": "", "SandboxID": "351a0522bad7713d555a0fda889b3c43396a4f9aa49a794c2947401227a83823", "HairpinMode": false, "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "Ports": {}, "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/351a0522bad7", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "Networks": { "bridge": { "IPAMConfig": null, "Links": null, "Aliases": null, "NetworkID": "e33b6b9e8a86c82a5eeb03578b023317ed6aebed6d32dd8d04a5b138ffea5dfe", "EndpointID": "399a6f23e15b8c7c6d198d85b9b2ea02ab92950aff1f726a63555b588289128b", "Gateway": "172.17.0.1", "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2", "IPPrefixLen": 16, "IPv6Gateway": "", "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0, "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02", "DriverOpts": null } } } } ] -
进入当前正在运行的容器
#我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置 #方式1 docker exec -it 容器id /bin/bash #以交互方式,通过bash/sh命令行进入 #测试 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 41 minutes ago Up 13 minutes zealous_hawking [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker exec -it 267946578eae /bin/bash [root@267946578eae /]# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 02:20 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 14 0 0 02:34 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 27 14 0 02:34 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef #方式二 docker attach 容器id #与第一种方式的区别,是进入了一个新的命令行,而不是开启了一个新的窗口 #区别: #docker exec:相当于打开了一个新的终端 #docker attach:进入容器正在执行的终端,且不会启动新的进程!! -
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
#将容器内的文件拷贝到主机 docker cp 容器id:容器内路径 目的的主机路径 #test [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 267946578eae centos "/bin/bash" 59 minutes ago Up 31 minutes zealous_hawking [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# docker attach 267946578eae [root@267946578eae /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr [root@267946578eae /]# pwd / [root@267946578eae /]# touch test.java #在容器中创建文件 [root@267946578eae /]# ls bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv test.java usr dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys tmp var [root@267946578eae /]# exit exit [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls aa.sh file_clear.sh for.sh load_data.sh [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# pwd /root [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# mkdir test #创建test文件夹,用来存放copy过来的文件 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z ~]# ls aa.sh file_clear.sh for.sh load_data.sh test [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# docker cp 267946578eae:/test.java /root/test #拷贝 [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z /]# cd /root/test [root@iZwz908j8pbqd86doyrez5Z test]# ls test.java #拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用-v卷的技术,可以实现自动同步
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联系图
