• 类库探源——System.Configuration 配置信息处理


    按照MSDN描述 System.Configuration 命名空间 包含处理配置信息的类型

    本篇文章主要两方面的内容

    1. 如何使用ConfigurationManager 读取AppSetting和ConnectionStrings

    2. 如何使用自定义 Section,我这里的自定义Section格式为

    <SectionName>
      <services>
        服务1的描述信息,供IoC容器使用
        服务2的描述信息,供IoC容器使用
        。。。
      </services>
    </SectionName>

    其实如果读者使用一些比较出名的IoC 框架(Unity)都会有配置管理,根本不用自定义Section,但是技多不压身,多了解点东西总是没错的。

    一、ConfigurationManager 类

    提供对客户端应用程序配置文件的访问。无法继承此类

    命名空间: System.Configuration

    程序集: System.Configuration.dll

    继承关系:

    原型定义:public static class ConfigurationManager

    由上面的定义可以看出ConfigurationManager是一个静态类

    静态属性:

    1. ConfigurationManager.AppSettings      获取当前应用程序默认配置的 AppSettingsSection 数据

    原型定义:public static NameValueCollection AppSettings { get; }

    从上面的定义可以看出 AppSetting 是一个 键值对

    2. ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings  获取当前应用程序默认配置的 ConnectionStringsSection 数据

    例子:

    app.config

     1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
     2 <configuration>
     3     <startup>
     4         <supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727"/>
     5     </startup>
     6 
     7     <connectionStrings>
     8         <add name="KKSEntities" connectionString="metadata=res://*/DbModel.csdl|res://*/DbModel.ssdl|res://*/DbModel.msl;provider=System.Data.SqlClient;provider connection string=&quot;data source=XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX;initial catalog=KKS;user id=XXXX;password=KKKKK;multipleactiveresultsets=True;App=EntityFramework&quot;" providerName="System.Data.EntityClient" />
     9     </connectionStrings>
    10     
    11     <appSettings>
    12         <add key="Aphasia" value="www.cnblogs.com/Aphasia"/>
    13     </appSettings>
    14 </configuration>
    View Code

    Program.cs

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Configuration;
     3 
     4 namespace ConsoleApplication1
     5 {
     6     class Program
     7     {
     8         static void Main(string[] args)
     9         {
    10             string web = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["Aphasia"];
    11             Console.WriteLine(web);
    12 
    13             string cnstr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["KKSEntities"].ConnectionString;
    14             Console.WriteLine(cnstr);
    15 
    16         }
    17     }
    18 }
    View Code

    效果:

    二、 自定义Section

    app.config

     1 <?xml version="1.0"?>
     2 <configuration>
     3     <configSections>
     4         <section name="ServicesSection" type="CustomDemo.ServicesSection,CustomDemo"/>
     5     </configSections>
     6 
     7     <ServicesSection>
     8         <services>
     9             <add ServiceName="XXX服务1" Impl="XXX.Impl.XXXService1" Inter="XXX.Inter.XXXInter1" />
    10             <add ServiceName="XXX服务2" Impl="XXX.Impl.XXXService2" Inter="XXX.Inter.XXXInter2" />
    11             <add ServiceName="XXX服务3" Impl="XXX.Impl.XXXService3" Inter="XXX.Inter.XXXInter3" />
    12         </services>
    13     </ServicesSection>
    14 
    15     <startup>
    16         <supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727"/>
    17     </startup>
    18 </configuration>
    View Code

    Program.cs

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Configuration;
     3 
     4 namespace CustomDemo
     5 {
     6     class Program
     7     {
     8         static void Main(string[] args)
     9         {
    10             ServicesSection myServices = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("ServicesSection") as ServicesSection;
    11             foreach (Service item in myServices.ServiceItems)
    12             {
    13                 Console.WriteLine("ServiceName:{0} Impl:{1} Inter:{2}", item.ServiceName, item.Impl, item.Inter);
    14             }
    15         }
    16     }
    17 
    18     #region[自定义Section处理代码]
    19     public class Service : ConfigurationElement
    20     {
    21         #region[当遇不能识别的元素时不让程序报错]
    22         protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedAttribute(string name, string value)
    23         {
    24             return true;
    25         }
    26         protected override bool OnDeserializeUnrecognizedElement(string elementName, System.Xml.XmlReader reader)
    27         {
    28             return true;
    29         }
    30         #endregion
    31 
    32         #region[节点元素]
    33         [ConfigurationProperty("ServiceName", IsRequired = true)]
    34         public string ServiceName
    35         {
    36             get { return this["ServiceName"].ToString(); }
    37         }
    38 
    39         [ConfigurationProperty("Impl", IsRequired = true)]
    40         public string Impl
    41         {
    42             get { return this["Impl"].ToString(); }
    43         }
    44 
    45         [ConfigurationProperty("Inter", IsRequired = true)]
    46         public string Inter
    47         {
    48             get { return this["Inter"].ToString(); }
    49         }
    50         #endregion
    51     }
    52 
    53     public class Services : ConfigurationElementCollection
    54     {
    55         protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
    56         {
    57             return new Service();
    58         }
    59         protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
    60         {
    61             return ((Service)element).ServiceName;
    62         }
    63     }
    64 
    65     public class ServicesSection : ConfigurationSection
    66     {
    67         [ConfigurationProperty("services", IsDefaultCollection = false)]
    68         public Services ServiceItems { get { return (Services)base["services"]; } }
    69     }
    70     #endregion
    71 }
    View Code

    效果:

    本小节代码下载

    三、参考资料

    1. .net自定义configSections的5个示例

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Aphasia/p/4178842.html
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