[React] Redux Toolkit notes

Highlights:

• Solve the complexities of write Redux (actions, reducers, selector...middleware...)
• Solve the immutable pattern with nested spread operator by using Immer
• Wrap Redux-thunk for async action
• Using Entity pattern

createSlice

createSlice returns a "slice" object that contains the generated reducer function as a field named reducer, and the generated action creators inside an object called actions.

import { createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';

export const counterSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'counter',  // also prefix for actions
  initialState: {
    value: 0,
  },
  reducers: {
    increment: state => {
      // Redux Toolkit allows us to write "mutating" logic in reducers. It
      // doesn't actually mutate the state because it uses the Immer library,
      // which detects changes to a "draft state" and produces a brand new
      // immutable state based off those changes
      state.value += 1;
    },
    decrement: state => {
      state.value -= 1;
    },
    incrementByAmount: (state, action) => {
      state.value += action.payload;
    },
  },
});

export const { increment, decrement, incrementByAmount } = counterSlice.actions;

// The function below is called a thunk and allows us to perform async logic. It
// can be dispatched like a regular action: `dispatch(incrementAsync(10))`. This
// will call the thunk with the `dispatch` function as the first argument. Async
// code can then be executed and other actions can be dispatched
export const incrementAsync = amount => dispatch => {
  setTimeout(() => {
    dispatch(incrementByAmount(amount));
  }, 1000);
};

// The function below is called a selector and allows us to select a value from
// the state. Selectors can also be defined inline where they're used instead of
// in the slice file. For example: `useSelector((state) => state.counter.value)`
export const selectCount = state => state.counter.value;

export default counterSlice.reducer;

createAsyncThunk

Mainly, you don't want to write "GET_BOOKS", "GET_BOOKS_FULFILLED", "GET_BOOKS_ERROR" actions.

import { createAsyncThunk, createSlice } from '@reduxjs/toolkit'
import { userAPI } from './userAPI'

// First, create the thunk
const fetchUserById = createAsyncThunk(
  'users/fetchByIdStatus',
  async (userId, thunkAPI) => {
    const response = await userAPI.fetchById(userId)
    return response.data
  }
)

// Then, handle actions in your reducers:
const usersSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'users',
  initialState: { entities: [], loading: 'idle' },
  reducers: {
    // standard reducer logic, with auto-generated action types per reducer
  },
  extraReducers: {
    // Add reducers for additional action types here, and handle loading state as needed
    [fetchUserById.fulfilled]: (state, action) => {
      // Add user to the state array
      state.entities.push(action.payload)
    }
  }
})

// Later, dispatch the thunk as needed in the app
dispatch(fetchUserById(123))

createEntityAdapter

Ideas / api come from @ngrx/entity. Export you APIs to deal with data CRUD. Just toolkit using Immer as internal API.

import {
  createEntityAdapter,
  createSlice,
  configureStore,
} from '@reduxjs/toolkit'

type Book = { bookId: string; title: string }

const booksAdapter = createEntityAdapter<Book>({
  // Assume IDs are stored in a field other than `book.id`
  selectId: (book) => book.bookId,
  // Keep the "all IDs" array sorted based on book titles
  sortComparer: (a, b) => a.title.localeCompare(b.title),
})

const booksSlice = createSlice({
  name: 'books',
  initialState: booksAdapter.getInitialState(),
  reducers: {
    // Can pass adapter functions directly as case reducers.  Because we're passing this
    // as a value, `createSlice` will auto-generate the `bookAdded` action type / creator
    bookAdded: booksAdapter.addOne,
    booksReceived(state, action) {
      // Or, call them as "mutating" helpers in a case reducer
      booksAdapter.setAll(state, action.payload.books)
    },
  },
})

const store = configureStore({
  reducer: {
    books: booksSlice.reducer,
  },
})

type RootState = ReturnType<typeof store.getState>

console.log(store.getState().books)
// { ids: [], entities: {} }

// Can create a set of memoized selectors based on the location of this entity state
const booksSelectors = booksAdapter.getSelectors<RootState>(
  (state) => state.books
)

// And then use the selectors to retrieve values
const allBooks = booksSelectors.selectAll(store.getState())