以下是一个Stack的模板实现类,注意GCC不支持将模板类的声明和定义分开放(普通类支持):
TestCC.h文件的内容:
#ifndef TESTCC_H #define TESTCC_H #include <iostream> #include <vector> #include <stdexcept> template <typename T> class Stack { private: std::vector<T> elems; public: void push(T const&); void pop(); T top() const; bool empty() const { return elems.empty(); } }; template <typename T> void Stack<T>::push(T const& elem) { elems.push_back(elem); } template <typename T> void Stack<T>::pop() { if (elems.empty()) { throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::pop(): empty stack"); } elems.pop_back(); } template <typename T> T Stack<T>::top() const { if (elems.empty()) { throw std::out_of_range("Stack<>::top(): empty stack"); } return elems.back(); } #endif // TESTCC_H
测试文件main.cpp:
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <cstdlib> #include "TestCC.h" using namespace std; int main() { try { Stack<int> intStack; intStack.push(7); cout << intStack.top() << endl; Stack<string> stringStack; stringStack.push("hello"); cout << stringStack.top() << endl; stringStack.pop(); stringStack.pop(); } catch (std::exception const& ex) { cerr << "Exception: " << ex.what() << endl; return EXIT_FAILURE;// In stdlib.h } }
结果: