Django REST framework之视图路由组件以及分层分析

视图

 　　继承关系，视图可以优化api接口代码逻辑

举例：

表：

from django.db import models


class UserGroup(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)


class UserInfo(models.Model):
    user_type_choices = (
        (1, '普通用户'),
        (2, 'vip'),
        (3, 'svip'),
    )
    user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
    username = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
    group = models.ForeignKey('UserGroup', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    roles = models.ManyToManyField('Role')


class UserToken(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(to='UserInfo', on_delete=models.CASCADE)
    token = models.CharField(max_length=64)


class Role(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

 路由：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, re_path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    re_path('api/', include('api.urls')),
]

分发的路由：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from django.urls import path, re_path, include
from api import views
from rest_framework import routers

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register('xx', views.View3View)

urlpatterns = [
    # 视图
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view1/$', views.View1View.as_view()),
    # 视图裂开了
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view2/$', views.View2View.as_view({'get': 'list'})),
    # 路由 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/view3/?format=json&page=2
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view3/$', views.View3View.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
    # 路由 http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/v1/view3.json
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view3.(?P<format>w+)$', views.View3View.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),
    # 对数据操作获取到id
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/view4/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.View4View.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'delete': 'destroy', 'put': 'update', 'patch': 'partial_update'})),

    # 路由自动生成url
    re_path('(?P<version>[v1|v2]+)/', include(router.urls)),
]

视图  （ps:序列化用的上一篇的序列化类，分页类用的内置的）

# ----------------------------视图继承GenericAPIView-----------------------------
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView


class View1View(GenericAPIView):
    """
    不太常用感觉
    """
    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PagerSerializer
    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        roles = self.get_queryset()  # queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
        pager_roles = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # pagination_class = PageNumberPagination实例化
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)   # serializer_class = PagerSerializer序列化
        return Response(ser.data)

# -----------------------------继承GenericViewSet--------------------------------


from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet


class View2View(GenericViewSet):
    """
    class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView)
    裂开了这里 ViewSetMixin--->as_view重写了
    """
    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PagerSerializer
    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        roles = self.get_queryset()  # queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
        pager_roles = self.paginate_queryset(roles)  # pagination_class = PageNumberPagination实例化
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=pager_roles, many=True)  # serializer_class = PagerSerializer序列化
        return Response(ser.data)

# -----------------------------继承ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin----------------
from rest_framework.viewsets import GenericViewSet
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin


class View3View(ListModelMixin, CreateModelMixin, GenericViewSet):
    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PagerSerializer
    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination


# -----------------------------继承ModelViewSet------------------------------------
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet


class View4View(ModelViewSet):
    queryset = models.Role.objects.all()
    serializer_class = PagerSerializer
    pagination_class = PageNumberPagination

 视图分层流程图

 

 总结：

 a.基本增删改查 ModelViewSet
 b.复杂逻辑用GenericViewSet或者APIView