• Python之基本数据类型


    运算符

    1、算数运算:

    2、比较运算:

     

    3、赋值运算:

    4、逻辑运算:

    5、成员运算:

    基本数据类型

    1、数字

    int(整型)

      在32位机器上,整数的位数为32位,取值范围为-2**31~2**31-1,即-2147483648~2147483647
      在64位系统上,整数的位数为64位,取值范围为-2**63~2**63-1,即-9223372036854775808~9223372036854775807

    1 # 数字 整形 int
    2 # Python3里边  11111111111111111111111111111111
    3 # Python2里边  11111111111111
    4 # 长整形 long
    5 # Python2里边  11111111111111111111111111111111
     1 # 将字符串转换为数字  一个汉字在utf8里边3字节
     2 a = "123"
     3 print(type(a), a)
     4 b = int(a)
     5 print(type(b), b)
     6 
     7 num = "0011"
     8 v = int(num, base=16)
     9 print(v)
    10 
    11 age = 3  
    12 print(age.bit_length())
    View Code

    额外一大堆的方法看源码大海

    class int(object):
        """
        int(x=0) -> int or long
        int(x, base=10) -> int or long
        
        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
        If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
        
        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
        Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
        literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
        The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
        interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        """
        def bit_length(self): 
            """ 返回表示该数字的时占用的最少位数 """
            """
            int.bit_length() -> int
            
            Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
            >>> bin(37)
            '0b100101'
            >>> (37).bit_length()
            """
            return 0
    
        def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ 返回该复数的共轭复数 """
            """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
            pass
    
        def __abs__(self):
            """ 返回绝对值 """
            """ x.__abs__() <==> abs(x) """
            pass
    
        def __add__(self, y):
            """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
            pass
    
        def __and__(self, y):
            """ x.__and__(y) <==> x&y """
            pass
    
        def __cmp__(self, y): 
            """ 比较两个数大小 """
            """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
            pass
    
        def __coerce__(self, y):
            """ 强制生成一个元组 """ 
            """ x.__coerce__(y) <==> coerce(x, y) """
            pass
    
        def __divmod__(self, y): 
            """ 相除,得到商和余数组成的元组 """ 
            """ x.__divmod__(y) <==> divmod(x, y) """
            pass
    
        def __div__(self, y): 
            """ x.__div__(y) <==> x/y """
            pass
    
        def __float__(self): 
            """ 转换为浮点类型 """ 
            """ x.__float__() <==> float(x) """
            pass
    
        def __floordiv__(self, y): 
            """ x.__floordiv__(y) <==> x//y """
            pass
    
        def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            pass
    
        def __getattribute__(self, name): 
            """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
            pass
    
        def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ 内部调用 __new__方法或创建对象时传入参数使用 """ 
            pass
    
        def __hash__(self): 
            """如果对象object为哈希表类型,返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典查找中,哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值如果相等,则哈希值也相等。"""
            """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
            pass
    
        def __hex__(self): 
            """ 返回当前数的 十六进制 表示 """ 
            """ x.__hex__() <==> hex(x) """
            pass
    
        def __index__(self): 
            """ 用于切片,数字无意义 """
            """ x[y:z] <==> x[y.__index__():z.__index__()] """
            pass
    
        def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
            """ 构造方法,执行 x = 123 或 x = int(10) 时,自动调用,暂时忽略 """ 
            """
            int(x=0) -> int or long
            int(x, base=10) -> int or long
            
            Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
            are given.  If x is floating point, the conversion truncates towards zero.
            If x is outside the integer range, the function returns a long instead.
            
            If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string or
            Unicode object representing an integer literal in the given base.  The
            literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded by whitespace.
            The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.  Base 0 means to
            interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
            >>> int('0b100', base=0)
            # (copied from class doc)
            """
            pass
    
        def __int__(self): 
            """ 转换为整数 """ 
            """ x.__int__() <==> int(x) """
            pass
    
        def __invert__(self): 
            """ x.__invert__() <==> ~x """
            pass
    
        def __long__(self): 
            """ 转换为长整数 """ 
            """ x.__long__() <==> long(x) """
            pass
    
        def __lshift__(self, y): 
            """ x.__lshift__(y) <==> x<<y """
            pass
    
        def __mod__(self, y): 
            """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """
            pass
    
        def __mul__(self, y): 
            """ x.__mul__(y) <==> x*y """
            pass
    
        def __neg__(self): 
            """ x.__neg__() <==> -x """
            pass
    
        @staticmethod # known case of __new__
        def __new__(S, *more): 
            """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
            pass
    
        def __nonzero__(self): 
            """ x.__nonzero__() <==> x != 0 """
            pass
    
        def __oct__(self): 
            """ 返回改值的 八进制 表示 """ 
            """ x.__oct__() <==> oct(x) """
            pass
    
        def __or__(self, y): 
            """ x.__or__(y) <==> x|y """
            pass
    
        def __pos__(self): 
            """ x.__pos__() <==> +x """
            pass
    
        def __pow__(self, y, z=None): 
            """ 幂,次方 """ 
            """ x.__pow__(y[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
            pass
    
        def __radd__(self, y): 
            """ x.__radd__(y) <==> y+x """
            pass
    
        def __rand__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rand__(y) <==> y&x """
            pass
    
        def __rdivmod__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rdivmod__(y) <==> divmod(y, x) """
            pass
    
        def __rdiv__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rdiv__(y) <==> y/x """
            pass
    
        def __repr__(self): 
            """转化为解释器可读取的形式 """
            """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
            pass
    
        def __str__(self): 
            """转换为人阅读的形式,如果没有适于人阅读的解释形式的话,则返回解释器课阅读的形式"""
            """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """
            pass
    
        def __rfloordiv__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rfloordiv__(y) <==> y//x """
            pass
    
        def __rlshift__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rlshift__(y) <==> y<<x """
            pass
    
        def __rmod__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """
            pass
    
        def __rmul__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rmul__(y) <==> y*x """
            pass
    
        def __ror__(self, y): 
            """ x.__ror__(y) <==> y|x """
            pass
    
        def __rpow__(self, x, z=None): 
            """ y.__rpow__(x[, z]) <==> pow(x, y[, z]) """
            pass
    
        def __rrshift__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rrshift__(y) <==> y>>x """
            pass
    
        def __rshift__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rshift__(y) <==> x>>y """
            pass
    
        def __rsub__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rsub__(y) <==> y-x """
            pass
    
        def __rtruediv__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rtruediv__(y) <==> y/x """
            pass
    
        def __rxor__(self, y): 
            """ x.__rxor__(y) <==> y^x """
            pass
    
        def __sub__(self, y): 
            """ x.__sub__(y) <==> x-y """
            pass
    
        def __truediv__(self, y): 
            """ x.__truediv__(y) <==> x/y """
            pass
    
        def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): 
            """ 返回数值被截取为整形的值,在整形中无意义 """
            pass
    
        def __xor__(self, y): 
            """ x.__xor__(y) <==> x^y """
            pass
    
        denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
        """ 分母 = 1 """
        """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
    
        imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
        """ 虚数,无意义 """
        """the imaginary part of a complex number"""
    
        numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
        """ 分子 = 数字大小 """
        """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""
    
        real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
        """ 实属,无意义 """
        """the real part of a complex number"""
    
    int
    View Code

     2、布尔值

      真或假

       1或0

    1 user = 'Eric'
    2 pwd = '123'
    3 v = user == 'Eric' and pwd == '123' or 1 == 1 and pwd == '99854'
    4 print(v)  # True
    5 # 规则从左到右依次判断

      注意:如果有括号,优先执行括号里边的内容

    3、字符串

    "hello world"

    字符串常用功能:

    • 移除空白
    • 分割
    • 长度
    • 索引
    • 切片
     1 # test = 'ereic'
     2 # test_over = '中国大'
     3 # 索引 下标  获取字符串中的某个字符
     4 # v = test[3]
     5 # print(v)
     6 
     7 # 切片
     8 # v = test[0:-1]
     9 # 0<= <-1取不到最后一个
    10 # print(v)
    11 
    12 # len长度  若汉字的话python2中拿到的是9 python3中就是3了
    13 # print(len(test))
    14 # print(len(test_over))
    15 
    16 # join拼接
    17 # print('_'.join(test_over))
    18 # replace替换  find rfind
    19 # print(test.replace('e', 'a', 1))
    20 
    21 # 循环拿出每一个字符
    22 # index = 0
    23 # while index < len(test_over):
    24 #     v = test_over[index]
    25 #     print(v)
    26 #     index += 1
    27 # print('======结束======')
    28 #
    29 # for item in test_over:
    30 #     print(item)
    31 #
    32 # for i in range(len(test_over)):
    33 #     print(test_over[i])
    34 # 字符串一旦创建,就不可以修改
    35 # 一旦修改或者拼接,都会造成从新生成字符串(重新开辟新的内存空间)
    36 # name = 'eric'
    37 # age = '18'
    38 # info = name + age
    39 # print(info)
    40 # 反转
    41 # print(name[::-1])
    42 # range 在python3中这样不得立马创建  在python2中就立马直接就是0-99的列表创建了
    43 # 这是一个优化机制 只有在循环遍历的时候才去创建,这样就内存占用率就小了
    44 # 垃圾回收机制:自动清理如果没人用就清理了,这样内存占用率就小了
    45 # range作用:创建生成连续的数字
    46 # v = range(100)
    47 # k = range(0, 100, 5)
    48 # for i in v:
    49 #     print(i)
    50 # for i in k:
    51 #     print(i)
    52 # 结果range(0, 100)
    str常规操作
    1 name = "我爱中国"
    2 # "我爱中国" 字符串
    3 # "我"    代表字符串有且只有一个字符
    4 # "我爱中国" 中国 子序列
    5 if "爱中" in name:
    6     # in  not in 判断某个东西是否在某个东西里边
    7     print('ok')
    8 else:
    9     print('Error')
    str操作
      1 user = 'Eric'
      2 pwd = '123'
      3 v = user == 'Eric' and pwd == '123' or 1 == 1 and pwd == '99854'
      4 print(v)  # True
      5 # 规则从左到右依次判断
      6 # 数字
      7 # num = 123
      8 # print(num.bit_length())
      9 
     10 # 字符串  str
     11 # name = 'Eric'
     12 # print(name.upper())
     13 # 数字 整形 int
     14 # Python3里边  11111111111111111111111111111111
     15 # Python2里边  11111111111111
     16 # 长整形 long
     17 # Python2里边  11111111111111111111111111111111
     18 # 整型 int
     19 # 将字符串转换为数字  一个汉字在utf8里边3字节
     20 a = "123"
     21 print(type(a), a)
     22 b = int(a)
     23 print(type(b), b)
     24 num = "0011"
     25 v = int(num, base=16)
     26 print(v)
     27 age = 3
     28 print(age.bit_length())
     29 name = 'eRiceric'
     30 # 首字母变大写 之后都小写  Eric
     31 print(name.capitalize())
     32 # 全变小写 casefold()更牛逼些 很多未知对应可变小写
     33 print(name.casefold())
     34 print(name.lower())
     35 # 设置宽度20并且内容居中布局空余位置用*填充
     36 print(name.center(20, '*'))
     37 print(name.center(20, ''))
     38 print(name.rjust(20, ''))
     39 print(name.ljust(20, ''))
     40 print(name.zfill(20))  只能以0000000填充
     41  
     42 # 计算当前个数
     43 print(name.count('e', 3, 5))
     44 # 以什么结尾、开始
     45 print(name.endswith('c'))
     46 print(name.startswith('e'))
     47 # 	制表符  以制表符进行分割agshjskf    indfkvj0824gdsh   dsajskdj
     48 s = 'agshjskf	indfkvj0824gdsh	dsajskdj'
     49 print(s.expandtabs(6))
     50 # find从开始往后找,找到获取其位置  index找不到直接报错ValueError: substring not found
     51 print(name.find('er', 0, 6))
     52 print(name.index('er', 0, 6))
     53 # 格式化
     54 test = "you are {name},age {a}"
     55 test = "you are {0},age {1}"
     56 v = test.format(name='eric', a=18)
     57 v = test.format('eric', 18)
     58 print(v)
     59 test = "you are {name},age {a}"
     60 v = test.format_map({'name': 'eric', 'a': 18})
     61 print(v)
     62 # 判断字符串是否只包含数字和字母
     63 print(name.isalnum())
     64 # 判断是否是字母 isalpha
     65 print(name.isalpha())
     66 
     67 # 判断是否是数字isdecimal普通点 不支持中文  isdigit不支持中文 isnumeric支持中文  小数都不行哈
     68 # name = "③"
     69 # name = "二"
     70 name = "21.5"
     71 print(name.isdecimal())
     72 print(name.isdigit())
     73 print(name.isnumeric())
     74 # isidentifier  字母  数字 下划线称标识符
     75 a = '_123'
     76 print(a.isidentifier())
     77 # 是否存在不可显示的字符换行制表符 isprintable
     78 test = "adn
    aaa"
     79 print(test.isprintable())
     80 # 判断空字符串
     81 test = ""
     82 test = "    "
     83 print(test.isspace())
     84 
     85 
     86 # 判断是否是标题 英文
     87 test = "i love china"
     88 print(test.title())
     89 print(test.istitle())
     90 #########################################
     91 # 将字符串中的每一个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接 就是循环
     92 a = '你是风儿我是沙'
     93 s = ' '
     94 v = s.join(a)
     95 k = '_'.join(a)
     96 print(v, k)
     97 # 判断是否是大小写 和  转换为大小写
     98 test = "Eric"
     99 print(test.islower())
    100 print(test.lower())
    101 print(test.isupper())
    102 print(test.upper())
    103 #########################################
    104 # 去除空格 	 
      还可以去除指定的字符 匹配子序列有点像正则都可以
    105 test = "xaeric "
    106 print(test.lstrip('xaahkksdh'))
    107 print(test.rstrip())
    108 print(test.strip())
    109 
    110 # 对字符串进行分割 总的来说split用的多些 但是它拿不到被分割的字符
    111 test = "testakdskjkj"
    112 print(test.partition('s'))
    113 print(test.rpartition('s'))
    114 print(test.split('s', 2))
    115 print(test.rsplit('s', 2))
    116 # 结果
    117 # ('te', 's', 'takdskjkj')
    118 # ('testakd', 's', 'kjkj')
    119 # ['te', 'takd', 'kjkj']
    120 # ['te', 'takd', 'kjkj']
    121 
    122 test = 'back'
    123 print(test.startswith('b'))
    124 print(test.endswith('k'))
    str扯犊子玩法 
      1 class str(object):
      2     """
      3     str(object='') -> str
      4     str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
      5     
      6     Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
      7     errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
      8     that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
      9     Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
     10     or repr(object).
     11     encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
     12     errors defaults to 'strict'.
     13     """
     14     def capitalize(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     15         """
     16         首字母变大写
     17         name = "nick is good, Today is nice day."
     18         a = name.capitalize()
     19                 print(a)
     20         """
     21         S.capitalize() -> str
     22         
     23         Return a capitalized version of S, i.e. make the first character
     24         have upper case and the rest lower case.
     25         """
     26         return ""
     27 
     28     def casefold(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     29         """
     30                 首字母变小写
     31         name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day.
     32         a =name.casefold()
     33                 print(a)
     34         """
     35         S.casefold() -> str
     36         
     37         Return a version of S suitable for caseless comparisons.
     38         """
     39         return ""
     40 
     41     def center(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     42         """
     43         内容居中,width:总长度;fillchar:空白处填充内容,默认无。
     44         name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day.
     45                 a = name.center(60,'$')
     46                 print(a)
     47         """
     48         S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> str
     49         Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is
     50         done using the specified fill character (default is a space)
     51         """
     52         return ""
     53 
     54     def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     55         """
     56         子序列个数,0到26中n出现了几次。
     57                 name = "nck is good, Today is nice day.
     58                 a = name.count("n",0,26)
     59                 print(a)
     60         """
     61         S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
     62         
     63         Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in
     64         string S[start:end].  Optional arguments start and end are
     65         interpreted as in slice notation.
     66         """
     67         return 0
     68 
     69     def encode(self, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict'): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     70         """
     71     """ 
     72                 编码,针对unicode.
     73                 temp = "烧饼
     74                 temp.encode("unicode")
     75         """
     76         S.encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') -> bytes
     77         
     78         Encode S using the codec registered for encoding. Default encoding
     79         is 'utf-8'. errors may be given to set a different error
     80         handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise
     81         a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and
     82         'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with
     83         codecs.register_error that can handle UnicodeEncodeErrors.
     84         """
     85         return b""
     86 
     87     def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     88         """
     89     """ 
     90         是否以XX结束,0到4是否以k结尾
     91         name = "nck is good, Today is nice day.
     92         a = name.endswith("k",0,4)
     93         print(a)
     94         """
     95         S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
     96         
     97         Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise.
     98         With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
     99         With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
    100         suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
    101         """
    102         return False
    103 
    104     def expandtabs(self, tabsize=8): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    105         """
    106     """ 
    107         将tab转换成空格,默认一个tab转换成8个空格 
    108         a = n.expandtabs()
    109         b = n.expandtabs(16)
    110         print(a)
    111         print(b)
    112         """
    113         S.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> str
    114         
    115         Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces.
    116         If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed.
    117         """
    118         return ""
    119 
    120     def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    121         """
    122     """ 
    123         寻找子序列位置,如果没找到,返回 -1124         name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    125         a = name.find("nickk")
    126         print(a)
    127         """
    128         S.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
    129         
    130         Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found,
    131         such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
    132         arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
    133         
    134         Return -1 on failure.
    135         """
    136         return 0
    137 
    138     def format(self, *args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format
    139         """
    140     """ 
    141     字符串格式化,动态参数
    142     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    143     a = name.format()
    144     print(a)
    145     """
    146         S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> str
    147         
    148         Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs.
    149         The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
    150         """
    151         pass
    152 
    153     def format_map(self, mapping): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    154         """
    155         """
    156         dict = {'Foo': 54.23345}
    157 fmt = "Foo = {Foo:.3f}"
    158 result = fmt.format_map(dict)
    159 print(result)   #Foo = 54.233
    160 """
    161         S.format_map(mapping) -> str
    162         
    163         Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from mapping.
    164         The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}').
    165         """
    166         return ""
    167 
    168     def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    169         """
    170     """
    171     #子序列位置,如果没有找到就报错
    172     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    173     a = name.index("nick")
    174     print(a)
    175     """
    176         S.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
    177         
    178         Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
    179         """
    180         return 0
    181 
    182     def isalnum(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    183         """
    184     """ 
    185     是否是字母和数字
    186     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    187     a = name.isalnum()
    188     print(a)
    189     """
    190         S.isalnum() -> bool
    191         
    192         Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric
    193         and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
    194         """
    195         return False
    196 
    197     def isalpha(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    198         """
    199     """ 
    200     是否是字母
    201     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    202     a = name.isalpha()
    203     print(a)
    204     """
    205         S.isalpha() -> bool
    206         
    207         Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic
    208         and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
    209         """
    210         return False
    211 
    212     def isdecimal(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    213         """
    214     检查字符串是否只包含十进制字符。这种方法只存在于unicode对象。
    215     """
    216         S.isdecimal() -> bool
    217         
    218         Return True if there are only decimal characters in S,
    219         False otherwise.
    220         """
    221         return False
    222 
    223     def isdigit(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    224         """
    225     """ 
    226     是否是数字
    227     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    228     a = name.isdigit()
    229     print(a)
    230     """
    231         S.isdigit() -> bool
    232         
    233         Return True if all characters in S are digits
    234         and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
    235         """
    236         return False
    237 
    238     def isidentifier(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    239         """
    240     """
    241     判断字符串是否可为合法的标识符
    242         """
    243 S.isidentifier() -> bool
    244         
    245         Return True if S is a valid identifier according
    246         to the language definition.
    247         
    248         Use keyword.iskeyword() to test for reserved identifiers
    249         such as "def" and "class".
    250         """
    251         return False
    252 
    253     def islower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    254         """
    255     """
    256     是否小写 
    257     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    258     a = name.islower()
    259     print(a)
    260     """
    261         S.islower() -> bool
    262         
    263         Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is
    264         at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
    265         """
    266         return False
    267 
    268     def isnumeric(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    269         """
    270     """
    271     检查是否只有数字字符组成的字符串
    272     name = "111111111111111”
    273     a = name.isnumeric()
    274     print(a)
    275     """
    276         S.isnumeric() -> bool
    277         
    278         Return True if there are only numeric characters in S,
    279         False otherwise.
    280         """
    281         return False
    282 
    283     def isprintable(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    284         """
    285     """
    286     判断字符串中所有字符是否都属于可见字符
    287     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    288     a = name.isprintable()
    289     print(a)
    290         """
    291         S.isprintable() -> bool
    292         
    293         Return True if all characters in S are considered
    294         printable in repr() or S is empty, False otherwise.
    295         """
    296         return False
    297 
    298     def isspace(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    299         """
    300     """
    301     字符串是否只由空格组成
    302     name = "  "
    303     a = name.isspace()
    304     print(a)
    305     """
    306         S.isspace() -> bool
    307         
    308         Return True if all characters in S are whitespace
    309         and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise.
    310         """
    311         return False
    312 
    313     def istitle(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    314         """
    315     """
    316     检测字符串中所有的单词拼写首字母是否为大写,且其他字母为小写
    317     name = "Nick, Today."
    318     a = name.istitle()
    319     print(a)
    320     """
    321     """
    322         S.istitle() -> bool
    323         
    324         Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one
    325         character in S, i.e. upper- and titlecase characters may only
    326         follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones.
    327         Return False otherwise.
    328         """
    329         return False
    330 
    331     def isupper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    332         """
    333     """
    334     检测字符串中所有的字母是否都为大写
    335     name = "NICK"
    336     a = name.isupper()
    337     print(a)
    338     """
    339         S.isupper() -> bool
    340         
    341         Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is
    342         at least one cased character in S, False otherwise.
    343         """
    344         return False
    345 
    346     def join(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    347         """
    348     """ 
    349     连接两个字符串
    350     li = ["nick","serven"]
    351     a = "".join(li)
    352     b = "_".join(li)
    353     print(a)
    354     print(b)
    355     """
    356         S.join(iterable) -> str
    357         
    358         Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
    359         iterable.  The separator between elements is S.
    360         """
    361         return ""
    362 
    363     def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    364         """
    365     """ 
    366     向左对齐,右侧填充
    367     name = "nck is good, Today is nice day. "
    368     a = name.ljust(66)
    369     print(a)
    370     """
    371         S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
    372         
    373         Return S left-justified in a Unicode string of length width. Padding is
    374         done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
    375         """
    376         return ""
    377 
    378     def lower(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    379         """
    380     """ 
    381     容左对齐,右侧填充
    382     name = "NiNi"
    383     a = name.lower()
    384     print(a)
    385     """
    386         S.lower() -> str
    387         
    388         Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase.
    389         """
    390         return ""
    391 
    392     def lstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    393         """
    394     """ 移除左侧空白 """
    395         S.lstrip([chars]) -> str
    396         
    397         Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed.
    398         If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
    399         """
    400         return ""
    401 
    402     def maketrans(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    403         """
    404     """
    405     用于创建字符映射的转换表,对于接受两个参数的最简单的调用方式,第一个参数是字符串,表示需要转换的字符,第二个参数也是字符串表示转换的目标。
    406     from string import maketrans
    407     intab = "aeiou"
    408     outtab = "12345"
    409     trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab)
    410     str = "this is string example....wow!!!";
    411     print str.translate(trantab);
    412     """
    413         Return a translation table usable for str.translate().
    414         
    415         If there is only one argument, it must be a dictionary mapping Unicode
    416         ordinals (integers) or characters to Unicode ordinals, strings or None.
    417         Character keys will be then converted to ordinals.
    418         If there are two arguments, they must be strings of equal length, and
    419         in the resulting dictionary, each character in x will be mapped to the
    420         character at the same position in y. If there is a third argument, it
    421         must be a string, whose characters will be mapped to None in the result.
    422         """
    423         pass
    424 
    425     def partition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    426         """
    427     """ 
    428     分割,前,中,后三部分 
    429     name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
    430     a = name.partition("good")
    431     print(a)
    432     """
    433         S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
    434         
    435         Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it,
    436         the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the separator is not
    437         found, return S and two empty strings.
    438         """
    439         pass
    440 
    441     def replace(self, old, new, count=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    442         """
    443     """ 
    444     替换
    445     name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
    446     a = name.replace("good","man")
    447     print(a)
    448     """
    449         S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> str
    450         
    451         Return a copy of S with all occurrences of substring
    452         old replaced by new.  If the optional argument count is
    453         given, only the first count occurrences are replaced.
    454         """
    455         return ""
    456 
    457     def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    458         """
    459     """
    460     返回字符串最后一次出现的位置,如果没有匹配项则返回-1
    461     """
    462 S.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
    463         
    464         Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found,
    465         such that sub is contained within S[start:end].  Optional
    466         arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation.
    467         
    468         Return -1 on failure.
    469         """
    470         return 0
    471 
    472     def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    473         """
    474     """
    475     返回子字符串 str 在字符串中最后出现的位置,如果没有匹配的字符串会报异常
    476         """
    477 S.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int
    478         
    479         Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found.
    480         """
    481         return 0
    482 
    483     def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    484         """
    485     """
    486     返回一个原字符串右对齐,并使用空格填充至长度 width 的新字符串。如果指定的长度小于字符串的长度则返回原字符串
    487         str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
    488 print(str.rjust(50, '$'))
    489         """
    490         S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> str
    491         
    492         Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is
    493         done using the specified fill character (default is a space).
    494         """
    495         return ""
    496 
    497     def rpartition(self, sep): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    498         """
    499     """
    500     根据指定的分隔符将字符串进行分割
    501     """
    502         S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail)
    503         
    504         Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return
    505         the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it.  If the
    506         separator is not found, return two empty strings and S.
    507         """
    508         pass
    509 
    510     def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    511         """
    512     """
    513     指定分隔符对字符串进行切片
    514     name = "Nick is good, Today is nice day."
    515     a = name.rsplit("is")
    516     print(a)
    517     """
    518         S.rsplit(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
    519         
    520         Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
    521         delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and
    522         working to the front.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
    523         splits are done. If sep is not specified, any whitespace string
    524         is a separator.
    525         """
    526         return []
    527 
    528     def rstrip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    529         """
    530     """
    531     删除 string 字符串末尾的指定字符(默认为空格)
    532     """
    533         S.rstrip([chars]) -> str
    534         
    535         Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed.
    536         If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
    537         """
    538         return ""
    539 
    540     def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=-1): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    541         """
    542     """
    543     通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片
    544     str = "Line1-abcdef 
    Line2-abc 
    Line4-abcd";
    545     print str.split( );
    546     print str.split(' ', 1 );
    547         """
    548         S.split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) -> list of strings
    549         
    550         Return a list of the words in S, using sep as the
    551         delimiter string.  If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
    552         splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any
    553         whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are
    554         removed from the result.
    555         """
    556         return []
    557 
    558     def splitlines(self, keepends=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    559         """
    560     """
    561     按照行分隔,返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表
    562     """
    563         S.splitlines([keepends]) -> list of strings
    564         
    565         Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries.
    566         Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends
    567         is given and true.
    568         """
    569         return []
    570 
    571     def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    572         """
    573     """
    574     检查字符串是否是以指定子字符串开头,如果是则返回 True,否则返回 False
    575         """
    576 S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool
    577         
    578         Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise.
    579         With optional start, test S beginning at that position.
    580         With optional end, stop comparing S at that position.
    581         prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try.
    582         """
    583         return False
    584 
    585     def strip(self, chars=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    586         """
    587     """
    588     用于移除字符串头尾指定的字符(默认为空格).
    589     """
    590         S.strip([chars]) -> str
    591         
    592         Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing
    593         whitespace removed.
    594         If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead.
    595         """
    596         return ""
    597 
    598     def swapcase(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    599         """
    600     """
    601     用于对字符串的大小写字母进行转换
    602     """
    603         S.swapcase() -> str
    604         
    605         Return a copy of S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase
    606         and vice versa.
    607         """
    608         return ""
    609 
    610     def title(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    611         """
    612         S.title() -> str
    613         
    614         Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with title case
    615         characters, all remaining cased characters have lower case.
    616         """
    617         return ""
    618 
    619     def translate(self, table): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    620         """
    621         S.translate(table) -> str
    622         
    623         Return a copy of the string S in which each character has been mapped
    624         through the given translation table. The table must implement
    625         lookup/indexing via __getitem__, for instance a dictionary or list,
    626         mapping Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, strings, or None. If
    627         this operation raises LookupError, the character is left untouched.
    628         Characters mapped to None are deleted.
    629         """
    630         return ""
    631 
    632     def upper(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    633         """
    634     """
    635     将字符串中的小写字母转为大写字母
    636     """
    637         S.upper() -> str
    638         
    639         Return a copy of S converted to uppercase.
    640         """
    641         return ""
    642 
    643     def zfill(self, width): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    644         """
    645     """
    646     返回指定长度的字符串,原字符串右对齐,前面填充0
    647     """
    648         S.zfill(width) -> str
    649         
    650         Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field
    651         of the specified width. The string S is never truncated.
    652         """
    653         return ""
    654 
    655     def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    656         """ Return self+value. """
    657         pass
    658 
    659     def __contains__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    660         """ Return key in self. """
    661         pass
    662 
    663     def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    664         """ Return self==value. """
    665         pass
    666 
    667     def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    668         """
    669         S.__format__(format_spec) -> str
    670         
    671         Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec.
    672         """
    673         return ""
    674 
    675     def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    676         """ Return getattr(self, name). """
    677         pass
    678 
    679     def __getitem__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    680         """ Return self[key]. """
    681         pass
    682 
    683     def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    684         pass
    685 
    686     def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    687         """ Return self>=value. """
    688         pass
    689 
    690     def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    691         """ Return self>value. """
    692         pass
    693 
    694     def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    695         """ Return hash(self). """
    696         pass
    697 
    698     def __init__(self, value='', encoding=None, errors='strict'): # known special case of str.__init__
    699         """
    700         str(object='') -> str
    701         str(bytes_or_buffer[, encoding[, errors]]) -> str
    702         
    703         Create a new string object from the given object. If encoding or
    704         errors is specified, then the object must expose a data buffer
    705         that will be decoded using the given encoding and error handler.
    706         Otherwise, returns the result of object.__str__() (if defined)
    707         or repr(object).
    708         encoding defaults to sys.getdefaultencoding().
    709         errors defaults to 'strict'.
    710         # (copied from class doc)
    711         """
    712         pass
    713 
    714     def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    715         """ Implement iter(self). """
    716         pass
    717 
    718     def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    719         """ Return len(self). """
    720         pass
    721 
    722     def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    723         """ Return self<=value. """
    724         pass
    725 
    726     def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    727         """ Return self<value. """
    728         pass
    729 
    730     def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    731         """ Return self%value. """
    732         pass
    733 
    734     def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    735         """ Return self*value.n """
    736         pass
    737 
    738     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    739     def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    740         """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
    741         pass
    742 
    743     def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    744         """ Return self!=value. """
    745         pass
    746 
    747     def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    748         """ Return repr(self). """
    749         pass
    750 
    751     def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    752         """ Return value%self. """
    753         pass
    754 
    755     def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    756         """ Return self*value. """
    757         pass
    758 
    759     def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    760         """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
    761         pass
    762 
    763     def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
    764         """ Return str(self). """
    765         pass
    str

    str源码的一些分析操作

    4、列表

    创建列表:

    1 name_list = ['玛莎拉蒂', '扫地僧人', 'eric']
    2 或者
    3 name_list = list(['玛莎拉蒂', '扫地僧人', 'eric'])

    基本操作:

    • 索引
    • 切片
    • 追加
    • 删除
    • 长度
    • 循环
    • 包含
      1 #!/usr/bin/env python
      2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
      3 
      4 # 1.列表 list
      5 # 创建列表 通过list类创建对象li
      6 # li = [1, 12, 9, 'age', ['藏獒', 'pang'], 'eric', True]
      7 # 中括号括起来
      8 # ,逗号分隔
      9 # 列表中的元素可以是数字 字符串 列表 布尔值 基本所有的都能放进去
     10 # "集合" 内部放东西
     11 
     12 # 2.索引取值
     13 # print(li[2])
     14 # 切片结果仍然是列表
     15 # print(li[2:-3])
     16 # for循环 while循环
     17 # for i in li:
     18 #     print(i)
     19 
     20 # 3.修改
     21 # li[1] = 20
     22 # li[1] = [11, 22, 33]
     23 # li[1:3] = [120, 90]
     24 # print(li)
     25 
     26 # 4.删除
     27 # del li[1]
     28 # del li[1:3]
     29 # print(li)
     30 
     31 # 5.也支持in操作  在列表中的元素这里是以逗号分隔
     32 # 这样肯定输出False
     33 # v = '藏獒' in li
     34 # print(v)
     35 
     36 # 6.一层层的找下去
     37 # li = [1, 12, 9, 'age', ['藏獒', 'pang', [1, 22, 9]], 'eric', True]
     38 # v = li[4][2][1]
     39 # print(v)
     40 
     41 # 7.字符串转换成列表
     42 # s = 'asjhd'
     43 # new_li = list(s)
     44 # print(new_li)
     45 
     46 # 8.列表转字符串  数字+字符串(需要转换下)  字符串(join)
     47 # li = [11, 22, 33, '123', 'eric']
     48 # s = ''
     49 # for i in li:
     50 #     s = s + str(i)
     51 # print(s)
     52 # li = ['123', 'eric']
     53 # print(''.join(li))
     54 
     55 # 9.追加   原来基础上追加数字 字符串 列表都行
     56 # li = [11, 22, 33, 44]
     57 # li.append(5)
     58 # print(li)
     59 
     60 # 10.清空
     61 # li.clear()
     62 # print(li)
     63 
     64 # 11.拷贝 浅拷贝
     65 # v = li.copy()
     66 # print(v)
     67 
     68 # 12.计算元素出现的次数
     69 # v = li.count(11)
     70 # print(v)
     71 
     72 # 13.扩展原来的列表
     73 # li.extend([98, '不得了'])  # 参数必须是可迭代对象,内部要进行循环
     74 # print(li)
     75 
     76 # 14.根据值获取当前值索引 左边优先 一旦找到就不会向下找了
     77 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
     78 # v = li.index(22, 2, 5)
     79 # print(v)
     80 
     81 #15.在指定位置插入元素
     82 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
     83 # li.insert(0, 99)
     84 # print(li)
     85 
     86 # 16.pop默认删除某个值,并获取当前值,没指定索引默认从最后一个删除
     87 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
     88 # v = li.pop(1)
     89 # print(v)
     90 # print(li)
     91 
     92 # 17.删除列表指定值 左边优先
     93 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
     94 # li.remove(22)
     95 # v = li.remove(22) 打印为None  因为是原来的列表嘛
     96 # print(li)
     97 # 18.反转
     98 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
     99 # li.reverse()
    100 # print(li)
    101 
    102 # 19.排序
    103 # li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 55]
    104 # li.sort()  从小到大
    105 # li.sort(reverse=True)  从大到小
    106 # print(li)
    list常规操作

    列表在内存中存储过程(链表):

    list源码分析:

      1 class list(object):
      2     """
      3     list() -> new empty list
      4     list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
      5     """
      6     def append(self, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
      7         """ L.append(object) -- append object to end """
      8         pass
      9 
     10     def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     11         """ L.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
     12         return 0
     13 
     14     def extend(self, iterable): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     15         """ L.extend(iterable) -- extend list by appending elements from the iterable """
     16         pass
     17 
     18     def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     19         """
     20         L.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
     21         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     22         """
     23         return 0
     24 
     25     def insert(self, index, p_object): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     26         """ L.insert(index, object) -- insert object before index """
     27         pass
     28 
     29     def pop(self, index=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     30         """
     31         L.pop([index]) -> item -- remove and return item at index (default last).
     32         Raises IndexError if list is empty or index is out of range.
     33         """
     34         pass
     35 
     36     def remove(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     37         """
     38         L.remove(value) -- remove first occurrence of value.
     39         Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
     40         """
     41         pass
     42 
     43     def reverse(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     44         """ L.reverse() -- reverse *IN PLACE* """
     45         pass
     46 
     47     def sort(self, cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     48         """
     49         L.sort(cmp=None, key=None, reverse=False) -- stable sort *IN PLACE*;
     50         cmp(x, y) -> -1, 0, 1
     51         """
     52         pass
     53 
     54     def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     55         """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
     56         pass
     57 
     58     def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     59         """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
     60         pass
     61 
     62     def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     63         """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
     64         pass
     65 
     66     def __delslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     67         """
     68         x.__delslice__(i, j) <==> del x[i:j]
     69                    
     70                    Use of negative indices is not supported.
     71         """
     72         pass
     73 
     74     def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     75         """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
     76         pass
     77 
     78     def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     79         """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
     80         pass
     81 
     82     def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     83         """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
     84         pass
     85 
     86     def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     87         """
     88         x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
     89                    
     90                    Use of negative indices is not supported.
     91         """
     92         pass
     93 
     94     def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     95         """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
     96         pass
     97 
     98     def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
     99         """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
    100         pass
    101 
    102     def __iadd__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    103         """ x.__iadd__(y) <==> x+=y """
    104         pass
    105 
    106     def __imul__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    107         """ x.__imul__(y) <==> x*=y """
    108         pass
    109 
    110     def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of list.__init__
    111         """
    112         list() -> new empty list
    113         list(iterable) -> new list initialized from iterable's items
    114         # (copied from class doc)
    115         """
    116         pass
    117 
    118     def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    119         """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
    120         pass
    121 
    122     def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    123         """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
    124         pass
    125 
    126     def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    127         """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
    128         pass
    129 
    130     def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    131         """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
    132         pass
    133 
    134     def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    135         """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
    136         pass
    137 
    138     @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    139     def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    140         """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
    141         pass
    142 
    143     def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    144         """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
    145         pass
    146 
    147     def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    148         """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
    149         pass
    150 
    151     def __reversed__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    152         """ L.__reversed__() -- return a reverse iterator over the list """
    153         pass
    154 
    155     def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    156         """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
    157         pass
    158 
    159     def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    160         """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
    161         pass
    162 
    163     def __setslice__(self, i, j, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    164         """
    165         x.__setslice__(i, j, y) <==> x[i:j]=y
    166                    
    167                    Use  of negative indices is not supported.
    168         """
    169         pass
    170 
    171     def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
    172         """ L.__sizeof__() -- size of L in memory, in bytes """
    173         pass
    174 
    175     __hash__ = None
    176 
    177 list
    View Code 

    5、元组(不可修改)

    创建元组:

    ages = (11, 22, 33, 44, 55)
    ages = tuple((11, 22, 33, 44, 55)) 
    lass tuple(object):
        """
        tuple() -> empty tuple
        tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
        
        If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
        """
        def count(self, value): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ T.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value """
            return 0
    
        def index(self, value, start=None, stop=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """
            T.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
            Raises ValueError if the value is not present.
            """
            return 0
    
        def __add__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """
            pass
    
        def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """
            pass
    
        def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
            pass
    
        def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
            pass
    
        def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
            pass
    
        def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            pass
    
        def __getslice__(self, i, j): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """
            x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j]
                       
                       Use of negative indices is not supported.
            """
            pass
    
        def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
            pass
    
        def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
            pass
    
        def __hash__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """
            pass
    
        def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of tuple.__init__
            """
            tuple() -> empty tuple
            tuple(iterable) -> tuple initialized from iterable's items
            
            If the argument is a tuple, the return value is the same object.
            # (copied from class doc)
            """
            pass
    
        def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
            pass
    
        def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
            pass
    
        def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
            pass
    
        def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
            pass
    
        def __mul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """
            pass
    
        @staticmethod # known case of __new__
        def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
            pass
    
        def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
            pass
    
        def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
            pass
    
        def __rmul__(self, n): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """
            pass
    
        def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ T.__sizeof__() -- size of T in memory, in bytes """
            pass
    
    tuple
    View Code
     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     3 
     4 
     5 # 元组 tuple
     6 # 列表  有序 元素可被修改
     7 
     8 # tu = (111, "eric", (11, 22), [(33, 44)], True, 44, 55,)
     9 # 1、元组  不可修改,不能被增加或者删除
    10 # 2、索引
    11 # v = tu[0]
    12 # print(v)
    13 # 3、切片
    14 # v = tu[0:3]
    15 # print(v)
    16 # 4、for循环,字符串 列表 元组之间转换  元组也是可迭代对象
    17 # for item in tu:
    18 #     print(item)
    19 # 5、注意:元组的一级元素不能被修改/删除/增加   如果有二级元素就可以修改
    20 # tu = (11, 22, 33, 44,)
    21 # 6、count  index
    22 # v = tu.count(11)
    23 # print(v)
    24 # v = tu.index(22, 0, 3)
    25 # print(v)
    tuple常规操作

     6、字典(无序) 

    创建字典:

    person = {"name": "mr.sb", 'age': 18}
    或
    person = dict({"name": "mr.sb", 'age': 18})

    常用操作:

    • 索引
    • 新增
    • 删除
    • 键、值、键值对
    • 循环
    • 长度
     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     3 
     4 
     5 # 字典 dict
     6 # 1、存储方式是哈希表格
     7 # key:列表、字典不能作为字典的key  布尔值可以作为key哈有些人搞不对
     8 # value:任何都可以   自己创字典例子试把
     9 # 2、字典无序
    10 # info = {
    11 #     "k1": 18,
    12 #     2: True,
    13 #     "k3": [11,
    14 #            22,
    15 #            [],
    16 #            (),
    17 #            33,
    18 #            {
    19 #                "kk1": "vv1",
    20 #                "kk2": "vv2",
    21 #                "kk3": (11, 22),
    22 #            }
    23 #            ],
    24 #     "k4": (11, 22, 33, 44)
    25 # }
    26 # 3、通过索引取值
    27 # print(info)
    28 # v = info["k1"]
    29 # print(v)
    30 # v = info[2]
    31 # print(v)
    32 # v = info["k3"][5]["kk3"][0]
    33 # print(v)
    34 # 4、删除键
    35 # del info["k3"][5]["kk1"]
    36 # print(info)
    37 # 5、for循环
    38 # dict  默认拿key
    39 # for item in info:
    40 #     print(item)
    41 # for item in info.keys():
    42 #     print(item)
    43 # for item in info.values():
    44 #     print(item)
    45 # for item in info.keys():
    46 #     print(item, info[item])
    47 # 这样拿到的是一个个元组
    48 # for item in info.items():
    49 #     print(item)
    50 # for k, v in info.items():
    51 #     print(k, v)
    52 
    53 
    54 # 方法  清空 浅拷贝
    55 dic = {
    56     "k1": "v1",
    57     "k2": "v2"
    58 }
    59 # 创建字典 {'k1': 123, 123: 123, '999': 123}
    60 # v = dict.fromkeys(["k1", 123, "999"], 123)
    61 # print(v)
    62 # v = dic.get('k1111')
    63 # print(v)  # None
    64 # v = dic.pop('k1')
    65 # print(dic, v)
    66 # popitem()随机删除,并获取值
    67 # k, v = dic.popitem()
    68 # print(dic, k, v)
    69 # 设置值 如果存在就不做操作 如果不存在就设置值
    70 # v = dic.setdefault('k3', '123')
    71 # print(dic, v)
    72 # 更新
    73 # dic.update({"k1": "1111", "k3": 123})
    74 # print(dic)
    75 # dic.update(k1=123)
    76 # print(dic)
    dict常规玩泥巴
    class dict(object):
        """
        dict() -> new empty dictionary
        dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
            (key, value) pairs
        dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
            d = {}
            for k, v in iterable:
                d[k] = v
        dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
            in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
        """
    
        def clear(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 清除内容 """
            """ D.clear() -> None.  Remove all items from D. """
            pass
    
        def copy(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 浅拷贝 """
            """ D.copy() -> a shallow copy of D """
            pass
    
        @staticmethod # known case
        def fromkeys(S, v=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """
            dict.fromkeys(S[,v]) -> New dict with keys from S and values equal to v.
            v defaults to None.
            """
            pass
    
        def get(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 根据key获取值,d是默认值 """
            """ D.get(k[,d]) -> D[k] if k in D, else d.  d defaults to None. """
            pass
    
        def has_key(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 是否有key """
            """ D.has_key(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
            return False
    
        def items(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 所有项的列表形式 """
            """ D.items() -> list of D's (key, value) pairs, as 2-tuples """
            return []
    
        def iteritems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 项可迭代 """
            """ D.iteritems() -> an iterator over the (key, value) items of D """
            pass
    
        def iterkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ key可迭代 """
            """ D.iterkeys() -> an iterator over the keys of D """
            pass
    
        def itervalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ value可迭代 """
            """ D.itervalues() -> an iterator over the values of D """
            pass
    
        def keys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 所有的key列表 """
            """ D.keys() -> list of D's keys """
            return []
    
        def pop(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 获取并在字典中移除 """
            """
            D.pop(k[,d]) -> v, remove specified key and return the corresponding value.
            If key is not found, d is returned if given, otherwise KeyError is raised
            """
            pass
    
        def popitem(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 获取并在字典中移除 """
            """
            D.popitem() -> (k, v), remove and return some (key, value) pair as a
            2-tuple; but raise KeyError if D is empty.
            """
            pass
    
        def setdefault(self, k, d=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 如果key不存在,则创建,如果存在,则返回已存在的值且不修改 """
            """ D.setdefault(k[,d]) -> D.get(k,d), also set D[k]=d if k not in D """
            pass
    
        def update(self, E=None, **F): # known special case of dict.update
            """ 更新
                {'name':'alex', 'age': 18000}
                [('name','sbsbsb'),]
            """
            """
            D.update([E, ]**F) -> None.  Update D from dict/iterable E and F.
            If E present and has a .keys() method, does:     for k in E: D[k] = E[k]
            If E present and lacks .keys() method, does:     for (k, v) in E: D[k] = v
            In either case, this is followed by: for k in F: D[k] = F[k]
            """
            pass
    
        def values(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 所有的值 """
            """ D.values() -> list of D's values """
            return []
    
        def viewitems(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ 所有项,只是将内容保存至view对象中 """
            """ D.viewitems() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's items """
            pass
    
        def viewkeys(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ D.viewkeys() -> a set-like object providing a view on D's keys """
            pass
    
        def viewvalues(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ D.viewvalues() -> an object providing a view on D's values """
            pass
    
        def __cmp__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__cmp__(y) <==> cmp(x,y) """
            pass
    
        def __contains__(self, k): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ D.__contains__(k) -> True if D has a key k, else False """
            return False
    
        def __delitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__delitem__(y) <==> del x[y] """
            pass
    
        def __eq__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """
            pass
    
        def __getattribute__(self, name): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """
            pass
    
        def __getitem__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """
            pass
    
        def __ge__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """
            pass
    
        def __gt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """
            pass
    
        def __init__(self, seq=None, **kwargs): # known special case of dict.__init__
            """
            dict() -> new empty dictionary
            dict(mapping) -> new dictionary initialized from a mapping object's
                (key, value) pairs
            dict(iterable) -> new dictionary initialized as if via:
                d = {}
                for k, v in iterable:
                    d[k] = v
            dict(**kwargs) -> new dictionary initialized with the name=value pairs
                in the keyword argument list.  For example:  dict(one=1, two=2)
            # (copied from class doc)
            """
            pass
    
        def __iter__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__iter__() <==> iter(x) """
            pass
    
        def __len__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """
            pass
    
        def __le__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """
            pass
    
        def __lt__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """
            pass
    
        @staticmethod # known case of __new__
        def __new__(S, *more): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """
            pass
    
        def __ne__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """
            pass
    
        def __repr__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """
            pass
    
        def __setitem__(self, i, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__setitem__(i, y) <==> x[i]=y """
            pass
    
        def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ D.__sizeof__() -> size of D in memory, in bytes """
            pass
    
        __hash__ = None
    
    dict
    View Code

    7、集合(set 无序 不重复)

     1 #!/usr/bin/env python
     2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
     3 
     4 
     5 # 集合 set
     6 
     7 # 可变类型:值被修改后,id没变(列表,字典)
     8 # 不可变类型:修改变量的值id改变 (字符串,数字,元组)
     9 # 有序:str list tuple
    10 # 无序:dict
    11 # 集合特征:1.不同元素组成(无重复)2.无序3.元素必须是不可变类型
    12 # 创建
    13 # s = set('hello')
    14 # print(s)
    15 # s = {1, 2, 3}
    16 # print(s, type(s))
    17 # 内置方法
    18 # s = {'sb', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
    19 # s.add(7)
    20 # s.clear()
    21 # v = s.copy()
    22 # print(v)
    23 # 无序随机删除
    24 # s.pop()
    25 # 指定删除  remove删除不存在的元素就要报错 discard删除的元素不存在是不会报错
    26 # s.remove('sb')
    27 # s.discard('sbbbbbb')
    28 # print(s)
    29 # python_l = ['sb', 'eric', '藏獒', 'sb']
    30 # linux_l = ['sb', '藏獒', 'erb']
    31 #
    32 # p_s = set(python_l)
    33 # l_s = set(linux_l)
    34 # 求交集
    35 # print(p_s.intersection(l_s))
    36 # print(p_s & l_s)
    37 
    38 # 求并集
    39 # print(p_s.union(l_s))
    40 # print(p_s | l_s)
    41 
    42 # 求差集
    43 # print(p_s - l_s)
    44 # print(p_s.difference(l_s))
    45 
    46 # 交叉补集
    47 # print(p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s))
    48 # print(p_s ^ l_s)
    49 
    50 # update更新
    51 # s1 = {1, 2}
    52 # s2 = {1, 2, 3}
    53 # s1.update(s2)
    54 # print(s1)
    55 
    56 s = frozenset('hello')  # 不可变,普通集合就是可变类型
    57 print(s)   
    58 # 简单去重的话就用集合操作  如果要求顺序啊哪些就不要用集合了
    set常规玩一把
    class set(object):
        """
        set() -> new empty set object
        set(iterable) -> new set object
        
        Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
        """
        def add(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Add an element to a set.
            
            This has no effect if the element is already present.
            """
            pass
    
        def clear(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Remove all elements from this set. """
            pass
    
        def copy(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return a shallow copy of a set. """
            pass
    
        def difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Return the difference of two or more sets as a new set.
            
            (i.e. all elements that are in this set but not the others.)
            """
            pass
    
        def difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Remove all elements of another set from this set. """
            pass
    
        def discard(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Remove an element from a set if it is a member.
            
            If the element is not a member, do nothing.
            """
            pass
    
        def intersection(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Return the intersection of two sets as a new set.
            
            (i.e. all elements that are in both sets.)
            """
            pass
    
        def intersection_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Update a set with the intersection of itself and another. """
            pass
    
        def isdisjoint(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return True if two sets have a null intersection. """
            pass
    
        def issubset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Report whether another set contains this set. """
            pass
    
        def issuperset(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Report whether this set contains another set. """
            pass
    
        def pop(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Remove and return an arbitrary set element.
            Raises KeyError if the set is empty.
            """
            pass
    
        def remove(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Remove an element from a set; it must be a member.
            
            If the element is not a member, raise a KeyError.
            """
            pass
    
        def symmetric_difference(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Return the symmetric difference of two sets as a new set.
            
            (i.e. all elements that are in exactly one of the sets.)
            """
            pass
    
        def symmetric_difference_update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Update a set with the symmetric difference of itself and another. """
            pass
    
        def union(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """
            Return the union of sets as a new set.
            
            (i.e. all elements that are in either set.)
            """
            pass
    
        def update(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Update a set with the union of itself and others. """
            pass
    
        def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self&value. """
            pass
    
        def __contains__(self, y): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x. """
            pass
    
        def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self==value. """
            pass
    
        def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return getattr(self, name). """
            pass
    
        def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self>=value. """
            pass
    
        def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self>value. """
            pass
    
        def __iand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self&=value. """
            pass
    
        def __init__(self, seq=()): # known special case of set.__init__
            """
            set() -> new empty set object
            set(iterable) -> new set object
            
            Build an unordered collection of unique elements.
            # (copied from class doc)
            """
            pass
    
        def __ior__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self|=value. """
            pass
    
        def __isub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self-=value. """
            pass
    
        def __iter__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Implement iter(self). """
            pass
    
        def __ixor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self^=value. """
            pass
    
        def __len__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return len(self). """
            pass
    
        def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self<=value. """
            pass
    
        def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self<value. """
            pass
    
        @staticmethod # known case of __new__
        def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
            pass
    
        def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self!=value. """
            pass
    
        def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self|value. """
            pass
    
        def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return value&self. """
            pass
    
        def __reduce__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return state information for pickling. """
            pass
    
        def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return repr(self). """
            pass
    
        def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return value|self. """
            pass
    
        def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return value-self. """
            pass
    
        def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return value^self. """
            pass
    
        def __sizeof__(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
            """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """
            pass
    
        def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self-value. """
            pass
    
        def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
            """ Return self^value. """
            pass
    
        __hash__ = None
    set源码

    其它

    1、for循环

    1 li = [11, 22, 33, 44]
    2 for item in li:
    3     print(item)
    View Code

     2、enumrate

    为可迭代的对象添加序号

    1 li = [11, 22, 33]
    2 for k, v in enumerate(li, 1):
    3     print(k, v)
    View Code

    3、range和xrange

    指定范围 ,xrange返回的是一个可迭代的对象,range返回的则是一个列表. 同时效率更高,更快。

    1 print(range(1, 10))
    2 # 结果:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
    3 
    4 print(range(1, 10, 2))
    5 # 结果:[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
    6 
    7 print(range(30, 0, -2))
    8 # 结果:[30, 28, 26, 24, 22, 20, 18, 16, 14, 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2] 
    View Code
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Alexephor/p/11180160.html
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