• xtrabackup备份与恢复实践


    说明

     
    xtrabackup  --percona
    特点:
    • 开源,在线备份innodb表
    • 支持限速备份,避免对业务造成影响
    • 支持流备
    • 支持增量备份
    • 支持备份文件压缩与加密
    • 支持并行备份与恢复,速度快
    地址:https://www.percona.com/downloads/XtraBackup
     
    xtrabackup备份原理
    • 基于innodb的crash-recovery功能
    • 备份期间允许用户读写,写请求产生redo日志
    • 从磁盘上拷贝数据文件
    • 从innodb redo log  file实时拷贝走备份期间产生的所有redo日志
    • 恢复的时候 数据文件+redo日志 = 一致性数据
     
    实用脚本innobackupex
    • 开源Perl脚本,封装调用xtrabackup及一系列相关工具与OS操作,最终完成备份过程
    • 支持备份Innodb和其他引擎的表
    • 备份一致性保证
     
     
    安装问题

     
    问题一:innobackupex发现mysql模块没有安装
    140312 13:30:40  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES).
    innobackupex: Error: Failed to connect to MySQL server as DBD::mysql module is not installed at /usr/local/mysql/bin/innobackupex line 2956.
     
    因为环境是使用二进制文件安装的mysql,在Ubuntu下没有安装mysql-server;
    解决:安装mysql-server
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install mysql-server
     
     
    innobackupex使用

    1. 全量备份
    2. 增量备份
    3. 流方式备份
    4. 并行备份
    5. 限流备份
    6. 压缩备份
    7. 常用参数介绍
    1)全量备份:
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1643
    160820 06:16:30  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:16:30  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!

      #备份成功;
      aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
      2016-08-20_06-16-26  
    2)增量备份,需指定上一次备份目录
    注意:innobackupex 增量备份仅针对InnoDB这类支持事务的引擎,对于MyISAM等引擎,则仍然是全备。
    增量备份:
     
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-dir dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-24-08'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:24:13  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:24:13  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-24-08
    3)流式备份()
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --stream=xbstream dbbackup/ > dbbackup/stream.bak
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:28:06  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:28:06  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-24-08  stream.bak
    4)并行备份--使用4个线程
     
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --parallel=4 dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-36-34'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:36:38  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:36:38  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-24-08  2016-08-20_06-36-34  stream.bak
    5)限流备份--读写速度限制10M
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --throttle=10 dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-38-26'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:38:31  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:38:31  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-36-34  stream.bak
    2016-08-20_06-24-08  2016-08-20_06-38-26
    6)压缩备份--可以指定压缩备份线程
     
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --compress --compress-thread 4 dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Backup created in directory '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-40-26'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:40:30  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:40:30  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-36-34  2016-08-20_06-40-26
    2016-08-20_06-24-08  2016-08-20_06-38-26  stream.bak
    7)常用参数
    innobackupex --help | less
     
     
    恢复

     
    1.全量备份与恢复:
    1)全量备份
    mysql> show tables;
    +--------------+
    | Tables_in_tt |
    +--------------+
    | course       |
    | t1           |
    +--------------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf dbbackup/
     
    #备份成功;
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26
    2)删除表
    mysql> drop table t1;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
     
    mysql> show tables;
    +--------------+
    | Tables_in_tt |
    +--------------+
    | course       |
    +--------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
     
    3)通过全量备份恢复
    #只需通过apply-log指定备份文件
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --apply-log dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26
     
    InnoDB: Starting shutdown...
    InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 1638934
    160820 06:46:20  innobackupex: completed OK!
     
    #回滚redo log文件;
    aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26$ ls
    backup-my.cnf  mysql               xtrabackup_binlog_info
    ibdata1        performance_schema  xtrabackup_checkpoints
    ib_logfile0    tt                  xtrabackup_logfile
    ib_logfile1    xtrabackup_binary
    4)复制恢复文件到数据目录
    #注意:数据目录要求是空,最好先备份,再清空;
    aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex  --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --user=root --password=000000 --copy-back 2016-08-20_06-16-26/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Copying '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ib_logfile1' to '/tmp/mysqldata/node1/ib_logfile1'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Finished copying back files.
    160820 07:11:09  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    5)查看
    mysql> show tables;
    +--------------+
    | Tables_in_tt |
    +--------------+
    | course       |
    | t1           |
    +--------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    2.增量备份与恢复
    #需指定上次备份目录
    1)增加表zengliang;
    mysql> show tables;
    +--------------+
    | Tables_in_tt |
    +--------------+
    | course       |
    | t1           |
    +--------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> create table zengliang(a int ,b int);
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
    2)增量备份
    #注意--incremental-dir后面跟基础备份目录,之后再跟增量备份目录,
    #与应用增量备份日志相反
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ innobackupex --user=root --password=000000 --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --incremental --incremental-dir dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ dbbackup/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000001', position 1749
    160820 06:24:13  innobackupex-1.5.1: Connection to database server closed
    160820 06:24:13  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
     
    #备份成功
    aiapple@ubuntu:~$ ls dbbackup/
    2016-08-20_06-16-26  2016-08-20_06-24-08
    3)应用日志恢复数据
    --apply-log    回滚日志
    --redo-only    回滚合并(多个增量的时候,增量也需要用到,直到最后一个增量不用)
         a)恢复完全备份数据
     aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only 2016-08-20_06-16-26
         b)应用增量备份日志
         #注意此时--incremental-dir后面跟的是增量备份的目录,之后再跟基础备份的目录;
         #与增量备份相反
         #注意:由于权限问题,使用innobackupex,应该使用root账户,不然这条不会通过;
       
      aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex --apply-log --incremental-dir=(增量备份目录) (基础备份目录)
    #不知何原因总是不太容易成功;
     
    4)复制恢复文件到数据目录
    #注意:数据目录要求是空,最好先备份,再清空;
    aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup$ innobackupex  --defaults-file=/tmp/mysqldata/my.cnf --user=root --password=000000 --copy-back 2016-08-20_06-16-26/
     
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Copying '/home/aiapple/dbbackup/2016-08-20_06-16-26/ib_logfile1' to '/tmp/mysqldata/node1/ib_logfile1'
    innobackupex-1.5.1: Finished copying back files.
     
    160820 07:11:09  innobackupex-1.5.1: completed OK!
    3.还原压缩
     
    解压--innobackupex --decompress /dbbackup/(备份目录)
    应用日志--innobackupex --apply-log /dbbackup/(压缩后目录)
     
     
    4)还原流备
     
    mkdir stream
    xbstream -C stream -x < stream.bak
    并行恢复--innobackupex --parallel=4 --apply-log --use-memory=200MB /dbbackup/stream
     
    --use-memory:加快恢复速度;
     
    binlog恢复

     
    在备份恢复之后,使用binlog恢复没有备份的数据;
     
    1)查看备份时binlog点;
    aiapple@ubuntu:~/dbbackup/mysql3309$ cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
    mysql-bin.000002    1467  
     
    2)使用mysqlbinlog分析二进制日志
    aiapple@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv mysql-bin.000002 | less
    # at 1958
    #160820  9:10:29 server id 1  end_log_pos 2078 CRC32 0x683bcdc6     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0
    SET TIMESTAMP=1471698629/*!*/;
    insert into t6 values(111,222),(333,444),(555,666)
    /*!*/;
    # at 2078
    #160820  9:10:29 server id 1  end_log_pos 2109 CRC32 0xf264071a     Xid = 104
    COMMIT/*!*/;
    # at 2109
    #160820  9:11:51 server id 1  end_log_pos 2184 CRC32 0x3f63ae99     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0
    SET TIMESTAMP=1471698711/*!*/;
    BEGIN
    /*!*/;
    # at 2184
    #160820  9:11:51 server id 1  end_log_pos 2298 CRC32 0x5c3b7667     Query    thread_id=2    exec_time=0    error_code=0
    SET TIMESTAMP=1471698711/*!*/;
    insert into t6 values(11,22),(33,44),(55,66)
    /*!*/;
    # at 2298
    #160820  9:11:51 server id 1  end_log_pos 2329 CRC32 0x4ea5c481     Xid = 114
    COMMIT/*!*/;
    可以看到结束节点在2298
     
    3)使用mysqlbinlog+管道+mysql sock登陆
    aiapple@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv --start-position=1467   --stop-position=2298 mysql-bin.000002 | mysql -uroot -p --socket=/home/aiapple/dbbackup/mysql3309/mysql.sock
    也可以按照时间恢复:
    aiapple@ubuntu:/tmp/mysqldata/node1$ mysqlbinlog -vv --start-datetime='2016-08-20 9:03:58'   --stop-datetime='2016-08-20 9:11:51' mysql-bin.000002 | cat
     
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/Aiapple/p/5793883.html
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