C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现
周末，没事干，写个简单的串口通信工具，也算是本周末曾来过，废话不多，直接到主题
串口介绍
串行接口简称串口，也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口（通常指COM接口），是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。（至于再详细，自己百度）
串口应用：
工业领域使用较多，比如:数据采集，设备控制等等，好多都是用串口通信来实现！你要是细心的话，你会发现，目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线（串行总线的一种）与RS232可以相互转化（当然一般，非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼，趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电）
RS232 DB9介绍：
1.示意图
2.针脚介绍：
- 载波检测(DCD)
- 接受数据(RXD)
- 发出数据(TXD)
- 数据终端准备好(DTR)
- 信号地线(SG)
- 数据准备好(DSR)
- 请求发送(RTS)
- 清除发送(CTS)
- 振铃指示(RI)
3.实物图：
以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线：这个头就是一个公头，另一端是一个usb口
笨小孩串口工具运行图：
1.开启程序
2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH，直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了（针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD)）直接链接,
C#代码实现：采用SerialPort
1.实例化一个SerialPort
1 private SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();
2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件
public void init() { btnSend.Enabled = false; cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames()); if (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0) { cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0; } cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5; cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0; cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0; cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0; pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com_DataReceived);//绑定事件 }
3.打开串口button事件
/// <summary> /// 打开串口 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { if (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0) { MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路！"); return; } if (ComDevice.IsOpen == false) { ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString(); ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString()); ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString()); ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); try { ComDevice.Open(); btnSend.Enabled = true; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); return; } btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口"; pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green; } else { try { ComDevice.Close(); btnSend.Enabled = false; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } btnOpen.Text = "打开串口"; pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; } cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; }
4.发送数据
/// <summary> /// 发送数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="data"></param> public bool SendData(byte[] data) { if (ComDevice.IsOpen) { try { ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据 return true; } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } } else { MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); } return false; } /// <summary> /// 发送数据button事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { byte[] sendData = null; if (rbtnSendHex.Checked) { sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); } else if (rbtnSendASCII.Checked) { sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); } else if (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked) { sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); } else if (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked) { sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); } else { sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); } if (this.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数 { lblSendCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate { lblSendCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString(); })); } else { } } /// <summary> /// 字符串转换16进制字节数组 /// </summary> /// <param name="hexString"></param> /// <returns></returns> private byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString) { hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", ""); if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0) hexString += " "; byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++) returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16); return returnBytes; }
5.接收和数据输出
/// <summary> /// 接收数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void Com_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) { byte[] ReDatas = new byte[ComDevice.BytesToRead]; ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据 this.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据 } /// <summary> /// 添加数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="data">字节数组</param> public void AddData(byte[] data) { if (rbtnHex.Checked) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) { sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}" + " ", data[i]); } AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper()); } else if (rbtnASCII.Checked) { AddContent(new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data)); } else if (rbtnUTF8.Checked) { AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(data)); } else if (rbtnUnicode.Checked) { AddContent(new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data)); } else {} lblRevCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate { lblRevCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString(); })); } /// <summary> /// 输入到显示区域 /// </summary> /// <param name="content"></param> private void AddContent(string content) { this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate { if(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0) { txtShowData.AppendText(" "); } txtShowData.AppendText(content); })); }
6.清空数据区域事件
/// <summary> /// 清空接收区 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnClearRev_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { txtShowData.Clear(); } /// <summary> /// 清空发送区 /// </summary> /// <param name="sender"></param> /// <param name="e"></param> private void btnClearSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { txtSendData.Clear(); }
不足之处，还望见谅！
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