UVa 1349 (二分图最小权完美匹配) Optimal Bus Route Design

题意：

给出一个有向带权图，找到若干个圈，使得每个点恰好属于一个圈。而且这些圈所有边的权值之和最小。

分析：

每个点恰好属于一个有向圈 就等价于 每个点都有唯一后继。

所以把每个点i拆成两个点，X_i 和 Y_i ，然后求二分图最小权完美匹配(流量为n也就是满载时，就是完美匹配)。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

const int maxn = 200 + 10;
const int INF = 1000000000;

struct Edge
{
    int from, to, cap, flow, cost;
    Edge(int u, int v, int c, int f, int w): from(u), to(v), cap(c), flow(f), cost(w) {}
};

struct MFMC
{
    int n, m;
    vector<Edge> edges;
    vector<int> G[maxn];
    int inq[maxn]; //是否在队列中
    int d[maxn];    //Bellman-Ford
    int p[maxn];    //上一条弧
    int a[maxn];    //可改进量

    void Init(int n)
    {
        this->n = n;
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) G[i].clear();
        edges.clear();
    }

    void AddEdge(int from, int to, int cap, int cost)
    {
        edges.push_back(Edge(from, to, cap, 0, cost));
        edges.push_back(Edge(to, from, 0, 0, -cost));
        m = edges.size();
        G[from].push_back(m-2);
        G[to].push_back(m-1);
    }

    bool BellmanFord(int s, int t, int& flow, int& cost)
    {
        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) d[i] = INF;
        memset(inq, 0, sizeof(inq));
        d[s] = 0; inq[s] = 1; p[s] = 0; a[s] = INF;
        queue<int> Q;
        Q.push(s);
        while(!Q.empty())
        {
            int u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
            inq[u] = 0;
            for(int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); ++i)
            {
                Edge& e = edges[G[u][i]];
                if(e.cap > e.flow && d[e.to] > d[u] + e.cost)
                {
                    d[e.to] = d[u] + e.cost;
                    p[e.to] = G[u][i];
                    a[e.to] = min(a[u], e.cap - e.flow);
                    if(!inq[e.to]) { Q.push(e.to); inq[e.to] = 1; }
                }
            }
        }
        if(d[t] == INF) return false;
        flow += a[t];
        cost += d[t] * a[t];
        for(int u = t; u != s; u = edges[p[u]].from)
        {
            edges[p[u]].flow += a[t];
            edges[p[u]^1].flow -= a[t];
        }
        return true;
    }
    //需要保证初始网络中没有负权圈
    int MincostMaxflow(int s, int t, int& cost)
    {
        int flow = 0; cost = 0;
        while(BellmanFord(s, t, flow, cost));
        return flow;
    }
}g;

int main()
{
    //freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);

    int n;
    while(scanf("%d", &n) == 1 && n)
    {
        g.Init(n*2+2);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            g.AddEdge(0, i, 1, 0);//连接源点和X的点
            g.AddEdge(i+n, n*2+1, 1, 0);//连接汇点和Y的点
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
        {
            int j, d;
            while(scanf("%d", &j) == 1 && j)
            {
                scanf("%d", &d);
                g.AddEdge(i, n+j, 1, d);
            }
        }
        int cost, flow;
        flow = g.MincostMaxflow(0, n*2+1, cost);
        if(flow < n) puts("N");
        else printf("%d
", cost);
    }

    return 0;
}