• 单表查询


    单表查询的语法

    不带关键字的语法

    select  {1.*|2.字段名|3.四则运行|4.聚合函数} from 表名 [where 条件]
        1.* 表示查询所有字段
        2.可以手动要查询的字段
        3.字段的值可以进行加减乘除运算
        4.聚合函数,用于统计
        where 是可选的

    field()函数

    可以用来对SQL中查询结果集进行指定顺序排序。

    函数使用格式如下:order by (str,str1,str2,str3,str4……),str与str1,str2,str3,str4比较,其中str指的是字段名字,意为:字段str按照字符串str1,str2,str3,str4的顺序返回查询到的结果集。

    如果表中str字段值不存在于str1,str2,str3,str4中的记录,放在结果集最前面返回。

    带关键字的语法

    SELECT 字段1,字段2... FROM 表名
                      WHERE 条件
                      GROUP BY field
                      HAVING 筛选
                      ORDER BY field
                      LIMIT 限制条数 

    关键字的执行优先级

    mysql查询时的书写顺序

    select..distinct..字段名...from...where...group by...having...order by...limit..

    mysql查询时的执行顺序

    重点中的重点:关键字的执行优先级
    from
    where
    group by
    having
    select
    distinct
    order by
    limit 

    1.找到表:from

    2.拿着where指定的约束条件,去文件/表中取出一条条记录

    3.将取出的一条条记录进行分组group by,如果没有group by,则整体作为一组

    4.将分组的结果进行having过滤

    5.执行select,查看结果集中的哪个列,或列的计算结果

    6.去重复

    7.将结果按条件排序:order by

    8.限制结果的显示条数

    需要注意的点

    from后面的表关联,是自右向左解析的 而where条件的解析顺序是自下而上的。 也就是说,在写SQL文的时候,尽量把数据量小的表放在最右边来进行关联(用小表去匹配大表), 
    而把能筛选出小量数据的条件放在where语句的最左边 (用小表去匹配大表)

    简单查询

    准备表和记录

    company.employee
        员工id      id                  int            
        姓名        emp_name            varchar
        性别        sex                 enum
        年龄        age                 int
        入职日期     hire_date           date
        岗位        post                varchar
        职位描述     post_comment        varchar
        薪水        salary              double
        办公室       office              int
        部门编号     depart_id           int
     
     
     
    创建表
    create table employee(
    id int not null unique auto_increment,
    name varchar(20) not null,
    sex enum('male','female') not null default 'male', #大部分是男的
    age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
    hire_date date not null,
    post varchar(50),
    post_comment varchar(100),
    salary double(15,2),    #双精度浮点数(非准确小数值),参数15是数字总个数,2是小数点后个数
    office int, #一个部门一个屋子
    depart_id int
    );
     
     
    #查看表结构
    mysql> desc employee;
    +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | Field        | Type                  | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
    +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
    | id           | int(11)               | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
    | name         | varchar(20)           | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | sex          | enum('male','female') | NO   |     | male    |                |
    | age          | int(3) unsigned       | NO   |     | 28      |                |
    | hire_date    | date                  | NO   |     | NULL    |                |
    | post         | varchar(50)           | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | post_comment | varchar(100)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | salary       | double(15,2)          | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | office       | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    | depart_id    | int(11)               | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
    +--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
     
    插入记录
    三个部门:教学,销售,运营
    insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
    ('xiong1','male',18,'20170301','外交大使',7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
    ('xiong2','male',78,'20150302','teacher',1000000.31,401,1),
    ('xiong3','male',81,'20130305','teacher',8300,401,1),
    ('xiong4','male',73,'20140701','teacher',3500,401,1),
    ('xiong5','male',28,'20121101','teacher',2100,401,1),
    ('xiong6','female',18,'20110211','teacher',9000,401,1),
    ('xiong7','male',18,'19000301','teacher',30000,401,1),
    ('xiong8','male',48,'20101111','teacher',10000,401,1),
     
    ('dog1','female',48,'20150311','sale',3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
    ('dog2','female',38,'20101101','sale',2000.35,402,2),
    ('dog3','female',18,'20110312','sale',1000.37,402,2),
    ('dog4','female',18,'20160513','sale',3000.29,402,2),
    ('dog5','female',28,'20170127','sale',4000.33,402,2),
     
    ('miao1','male',28,'20160311','operation',10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
    ('miao2','male',18,'19970312','operation',20000,403,3),
    ('miao3','female',18,'20130311','operation',19000,403,3),
    ('miao4','male',18,'20150411','operation',18000,403,3),
    ('miao5','female',18,'20140512','operation',17000,403,3)
    ;
     
    ps:如果在windows系统中,插入中文字符,select的结果为空白,可以将所有字符编码统一设置成gbk
    View Code

    简单查询

    简单查询
      select id,name,sex,age,hire_date,post,post_comment,salary,office,depart_id
      from employee;
      select * from employee;
      select name,salary from employee;
     
    避免重复distinct
        select distinct post from employee;    
     
    通过四则运算查询
        select name, salary*12 from employee;
        select name, salary*12 as Annual_salary from employee;
        select name, salary*12 Annual_salary from employee;
     
    定义显示格式
       
      concat() 函数用于连接字符串 写法一
      select concat('姓名: ',name,' 年薪: ', salary*12) as Annual_salary from employee;   写法二
      select concat('姓名: ',name) as 姓名,concat('年薪: ',salary) as 年薪 from employee;  #注意逗号不能敲成中文的

    CONCAT_WS() 第一个参数为分隔符, SELECT CONCAT_WS(':',name,salary*12) AS Annual_salary FROM employee;
    结合CASE语句: SELECT ( CASE WHEN NAME = 'xiong1' THEN NAME WHEN NAME = 'xiong2' THEN CONCAT(name,'_BIGSB') ELSE concat(NAME, 'SB') END ) as new_name FROM emp;

      

    补充:case when语句的详细分析

    case when语句,用于计算条件列表并返回多个可能结果表达式之一。
    CASE 具有两种格式:简单 CASE 函数将某个表达式与一组简单表达式进行比较以确定结果。
                CASE 搜索函数计算一组布尔表达式以确定结果。 两种格式都支持可选的 ELSE 参数 简单的case函数 CASE input_expression WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression [...n ] [ ELSE else_result_expression END 参数介绍: input_expression是使用简单 CASE 格式时所计算的表达式。Input_expression 是任何有效的 Microsoft SQL Server 表达式。 WHEN when_expression使用简单 CASE 格式时 input_expression 所比较的简单表达式。When_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。Input_expression 和每个 when_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者是隐性转换。 占位符,表明可以使用多个 WHEN when_expression THEN result_expression 子句或 WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression 子句。 THEN result_expression 当 input_expression = when_expression 取值为 TRUE,或者 Boolean_expression 取值 TRUE 时返回的表达式。 result expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。 ELSE else_result_expression当比较运算取值不为 TRUE 时返回的表达式。如果省略此参数并且比较运算取值不为 TRUE,CASE 将返回 NULL 值。else_result_expression 是任意有效的 SQL Server 表达式。else_result_expression 和所有 result_expression 的数据类型必须相同,或者必须是隐性转换。 1 简单 CASE 函数:返回结果值介绍: 计算 input_expression,然后按指定顺序对每个 WHEN 子句的 input_expression = when_expression 进行计算。 返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 (input_expression = when_expression) 的 result_expression。如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 input_expression = when_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回 else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL 值。 2 CASE 搜索函数 CASE WHEN Boolean_expression THEN result_expression [...n ] [ ELSE else_result_expression END 参数介绍: WHEN Boolean_expression 使用 CASE 搜索格式时所计算的布尔表达式。Boolean_expression 是任意有效的布尔表达式。结果类型从 result_expressions 和可选 else_result_expression 的类型集合中返回最高的优先规则类型。有关更多信息,请参见数据类型的优先顺序。 CASE 搜索函数:返回结果值介绍: 按指定顺序为每个 WHEN 子句的 Boolean_expression 求值。返回第一个取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression 的 result_expression。 如果没有取值为 TRUE 的 Boolean_expression,则当指定 ELSE 子句时 SQL Server 将返回 else_result_expression;若没有指定 ELSE 子句,则返回 NULL 值。 3、CASE 可能是 SQL 中被误用最多的关键字之一 虽然,可能以前用过这个关键字来创建字段,但是它还具有更多用法。 例如,可以在 WHERE 子句中使用 CASE。或者在 GROUP BY 子句中使用 CASE 使用CASE WHEN进行字符串替换处理,稍加深入,还可以得到以前认为不可能得到的分组排序结果集 4 其他 简单语句 多重语句 在SELECT查询中使用CASE WHEN

    练习

    1 查出所有员工的名字,薪资,格式为
        <名字:egon>    <薪资:3000>
    2 查出所有的岗位(去掉重复)
    3 查出所有员工名字,以及他们的年薪,年薪的字段名为annual_year
    select concat('<名字:',name,'>    ','<薪资:',salary,'>') from employee;
    select distinct depart_id from employee;
    select name,salary*12 annual_salary from employee;

    WHERE约束

    where字句中可以使用:

    1. 比较运算符:> < >= <= <> !=
    2. between 80 and 100 值在10到20之间
    3. in(80,90,100) 值是10或20或30
    4. like 'egon%'
        pattern可以是%或_,
        %表示任意多字符
        _表示一个字符 

    select name from employee where name like 'xiong%';

    5. 逻辑运算符:在多个条件直接可以使用逻辑运算符 and or not

    regex

    any

    all

    1:单条件查询
        SELECT name FROM employee
            WHERE post='sale';
             
    2:多条件查询
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee
            WHERE post='teacher' AND salary>10000;
     
    3:关键字BETWEEN AND
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
            WHERE salary BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;
     
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
            WHERE salary NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000;
         
    4:关键字IS NULL(判断某个字段是否为NULL不能用等号,需要用IS)
        SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
            WHERE post_comment IS NULL;
     
        SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
            WHERE post_comment IS NOT NULL;
             
        SELECT name,post_comment FROM employee 
            WHERE post_comment=''; 注意''是空字符串,不是null
        ps:
            执行
            update employee set post_comment='' where id=2;
            再用上条查看,就会有结果了
     
    5:关键字IN集合查询
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
            WHERE salary=3000 OR salary=3500 OR salary=4000 OR salary=9000 ;
         
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
            WHERE salary IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;
     
        SELECT name,salary FROM employee 
            WHERE salary NOT IN (3000,3500,4000,9000) ;
     
    6:关键字like模糊查询
        通配符’%’
        SELECT * FROM employee 
                WHERE name LIKE 'eg%';
     
        通配符’_’
        SELECT * FROM employee 
                WHERE name LIKE 'al__';
    

    练习

    1. 查看岗位是teacher的员工姓名、年龄
    2. 查看岗位是teacher且年龄大于30岁的员工姓名、年龄
    3. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资在9000-1000范围内的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
    4. 查看岗位描述不为NULL的员工信息
    5. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
    6. 查看岗位是teacher且薪资不是10000或9000或30000的员工姓名、年龄、薪资
    7. 查看岗位是teacher且名字是jin开头的员工姓名、年薪
    
    select name,age from employee where post = 'teacher';
    select name,age from employee where post='teacher' and age > 30; 
    select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary between 9000 and 10000;
    select * from employee where post_comment is not null;
    select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary in (10000,9000,30000);
    select name,age,salary from employee where post='teacher' and salary not in (10000,9000,30000);
    select name,salary*12 from employee where post='teacher' and name like 'jin%';

    分组查询:GROUP BY

    什么是分组,为什么要分组?

    1、首先明确一点:分组发生在where之后,即分组是基于where之后得到的记录而进行的
    2、分组指的是:将所有记录按照某个 相同字段 进行归类,比如针对员工信息表的职位分组,
    或者按照性别进行分组等
    3、为何要分组呢?
      数据库中分组是为了统计
      取每个部门的最高工资 取每个部门的员工数 取男人数和女人数    小窍门:‘每’这个字后面的字段,就是我们分组的依据也即重复性比较高的字段 4、大前提: 可以按照任意字段分组,但是分组完毕后,比如group by post,只能查看post字段,其他都被隐藏了 如果想查看组内信息,需要借助于聚合函数!!!

    ONLY_FULL GROUP_BY

    #查看MySQL 5.7默认的sql_mode如下:
    mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
    ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,
    NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,
    NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
     
    #!!!注意
    ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY的语义就是确定select target list中的所有列的值都是明确语义,
    简单的说来,在ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式下,target list中的值要么是来自于聚集函数的结果,
    要么是来自于group by list中的表达式的值。
     
     
    #设置sql_mole如下操作(我们可以去掉ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY模式):
    mysql> set global sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,
    ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION';
     
    !!!SQL_MODE设置!!!
    mysql> select @@global.sql_mode;
    +-------------------+
    | @@global.sql_mode |
    +-------------------+
    |                   |
    +-------------------+
    row in set (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> select * from emp group by post; 
    +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    | id | name   | sex    | age | hire_date  | post      | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
    +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    | 14 | miao1  | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL         |   10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
    |  9 | dog1   | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale      | NULL         |    3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
    |  2 | xiong2 | male   |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher   | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
    |  1 | xiong1 | male   |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 外交大使  | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
    +----+--------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
     
    #由于没有设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,于是也可以有结果,默认都是组内的第一条记录,但其实这是没有意义的
     
    mysql> set global sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
     
    mysql> quit #设置成功后,一定要退出,然后重新登录方可生效
    Bye
     
    mysql> use db1;
    Database changed
    mysql> select * from emp group by post; #报错
    ERROR 1055 (42000): 'db1.emp.id' isn't in GROUP BY
    mysql> select post,count(id) from emp group by post; #只能查看分组依据和使用聚合函数
    +-----------+-----------+
    | post      | count(id) |
    +-----------+-----------+
    | operation |         5 |
    | sale      |         5 |
    | teacher   |         7 |
    | 外交大使  |         1 |
    +-----------+-----------+
    4 rows in set (0.03 sec)

    GROUP BY

    应该注意的一些点

    单独使用GROUP BY关键字分组
        SELECT post FROM employee GROUP BY post;
        注意:我们按照post字段分组,那么select查询的字段只能是post,
    想要获取组内的其他相关信息,需要借助函数
     
    GROUP BY关键字和GROUP_CONCAT()函数一起使用         使用了GROUP_CONCAT()之后,就可以看到组内所有的记录,但是这条记录是默认用逗号拼接而成的
        SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) FROM employee GROUP BY post;
    #按照岗位分组,并查看组内成员名
        SELECT post,GROUP_CONCAT(name) as emp_members FROM employee GROUP BY post;
     
    GROUP BY与聚合函数一起使用
        select post,count(id) as count from employee group by post;
    #按照岗位分组,并查看每个组有多少人
    

     

    强调:
    
    如果我们用unique的字段作为分组的依据,则每一条记录自成一组,这种分组没有意义
     
    多条记录之间的某个字段值相同,该字段通常用来作为分组的依据
    

    聚合函数

    强调:聚合函数聚合的是组的内容,若是没有分组,则默认一组
     
    示例:
        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee;
        SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=1;
        SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee;
        SELECT MIN(salary) FROM employee;
        SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employee;
        SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee;
        SELECT SUM(salary) FROM employee WHERE depart_id=3;
    

    练习

    1. 查询岗位名以及岗位包含的所有员工名字
    2. 查询岗位名以及各岗位内包含的员工个数
    3. 查询公司内男员工和女员工的个数
    4. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的平均薪资
    5. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最高薪资
    6. 查询岗位名以及各岗位的最低薪资
    7. 查询男员工与男员工的平均薪资,女员工与女员工的平均薪资
    题1:分组
    mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post;
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    | post      | group_concat(name)                               |
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    | operation | miao1,miao2,miao3,miao4,miao5                    |
    | sale      | dog1,dog2,dog3,dog4,dog5                         |
    | teacher   | xiong2,xiong3,xiong4,xiong5,xiong6,xiong7,xiong8 |
    | 外交大使  | xiong1                                           |
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    题目2:
    mysql> select post,count(id) from employee group by post;
    +-----------+-----------+
    | post      | count(id) |
    +-----------+-----------+
    | operation |         5 |
    | sale      |         5 |
    | teacher   |         7 |
    | 外交大使  |         1 |
    +-----------+-----------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
     
    题目3:
    mysql> select sex,count(id) from employee group by sex;
    +--------+-----------+
    | sex    | count(id) |
    +--------+-----------+
    | male   |        10 |
    | female |         8 |
    +--------+-----------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    题目4:
    mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post;
    +-----------+---------------+
    | post      | avg(salary)   |
    +-----------+---------------+
    | operation |  16800.026000 |
    | sale      |   2600.294000 |
    | teacher   | 151842.901429 |
    | 外交大使  |   7300.330000 |
    +-----------+---------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    题目5
    mysql> select post,max(salary) from employee group by post;
    +-----------+-------------+
    | post      | max(salary) |
    +-----------+-------------+
    | operation |    20000.00 |
    | sale      |     4000.33 |
    | teacher   |  1000000.31 |
    | 外交大使  |     7300.33 |
    +-----------+-------------+
    4 rows in set (0.04 sec)
     
    题目6
    mysql> select post,min(salary) from employee group by post;
    +-----------+-------------+
    | post      | min(salary) |
    +-----------+-------------+
    | operation |    10000.13 |
    | sale      |     1000.37 |
    | teacher   |     2100.00 |
    | 外交大使  |     7300.33 |
    +-----------+-------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     
    题目七
    mysql> select sex,avg(salary) from employee group by sex;
    +--------+---------------+
    | sex    | avg(salary)   |
    +--------+---------------+
    | male   | 110920.077000 |
    | female |   7250.183750 |
    +--------+---------------+

    HAVING过滤

    HAVING与WHERE不一样的地方在于

    执行优先级从高到低:where > group by > having 
    1. Where 发生在分组group by之前,因而Where中可以有任意字段,但是绝对不能使用聚合函数。
    2. Having发生在分组group by之后,因而Having中可以使用分组的字段,无法直接取到其他字段,可以使用聚合函数
    mysql> select @@sql_mode;
    +--------------------+
    | @@sql_mode         |
    +--------------------+
    | ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY |
    +--------------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from emp where salary > 100000;
    +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    | id | name | sex  | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
    +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    |  2 | alex | male |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher | NULL         | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
    +----+------+------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from emp having salary > 100000;
    ERROR 1463 (42000): Non-grouping field 'salary' is used in HAVING clause
    
    mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from emp group by post having salary > 10000;#错误,分组后无法直接取到salary字段
    ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'salary' in 'having clause'
    mysql> select post,group_concat(name) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    | post      | group_concat(name)                               |
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    | operation | miao1,miao2,miao3,miao4,miao5                    |
    | teacher   | xiong2,xiong3,xiong4,xiong5,xiong6,xiong7,xiong8 |
    +-----------+--------------------------------------------------+
    2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    小练习

    1. 查询各岗位内包含的员工个数小于2的岗位名、岗位内包含员工名字、个数
    3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资
    4. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000且小于20000的岗位名、平均工资
    题目1:
    mysql> select post,group_concat(name),count(id) from employee group by post having count(id) < 2;
    +----------+--------------------+-----------+
    | post     | group_concat(name) | count(id) |
    +----------+--------------------+-----------+
    | 外交大使 | xiong1             |         1 |
    +----------+--------------------+-----------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    题目2:
    mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000;
    +-----------+---------------+
    | post      | avg(salary)   |
    +-----------+---------------+
    | operation |  16800.026000 |
    | teacher   | 151842.901429 |
    +-----------+---------------+
    
    题目3:
    mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 and avg(salary) <20000;
    +-----------+--------------+
    | post      | avg(salary)  |
    +-----------+--------------+
    | operation | 16800.026000 |
    +-----------+--------------+

    查询排序:ORDER BY

    按单列排序

    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary;
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary ASC;
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC;

    按多列排序:先按照age排序,如果年纪相同,则按照薪资排序
    SELECT * from employee
    ORDER BY age,
    salary DESC;

    补充

    用 DESC 表示按倒序排序(即:从大到小排序) ---降序排列
    用 ACS   表示按正序排序(即:从小到大排序)---升序排列

    小练习

    1. 查询所有员工信息,先按照age升序排序,如果age相同则按照hire_date降序排序
    2. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资升序排列
    3. 查询各岗位平均薪资大于10000的岗位名、平均工资,结果按平均薪资降序排列
    
    #题目1
    mysql> select * from employee ORDER BY age asc,hire_date desc;
    
    #题目2
    mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) asc;
    +-----------+---------------+
    | post      | avg(salary)   |
    +-----------+---------------+
    | operation |  16800.026000 |
    | teacher   | 151842.901429 |
    +-----------+---------------+
    
    #题目3
    mysql> select post,avg(salary) from employee group by post having avg(salary) > 10000 order by avg(salary) desc;
    +-----------+---------------+
    | post      | avg(salary)   |
    +-----------+---------------+
    | teacher   | 151842.901429 |
    | operation |  16800.026000 |
    +-----------+---------------+

    限制查询的记录数:LIMIT

    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC 
    LIMIT 3;                    #默认初始位置为0,读三条记录
        
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
    LIMIT 0,5; #从第0开始,即先查询出第一条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条
    
    SELECT * FROM employee ORDER BY salary DESC
    LIMIT 5,5; #从第5开始,即先查询出第6条,然后包含这一条在内往后查5条

    小练习

    分页显示,每页5条

    mysql> select * from  employee limit 0,5;
    +----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    | id | name      | sex  | age | hire_date  | post                                    | post_comment | salary     | office | depart_id |
    +----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    |  1 | egon      | male |  18 | 2017-03-01 | 老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使              | NULL         |    7300.33 |    401 |         1 |
    |  2 | alex      | male |  78 | 2015-03-02 | teacher                                 |              | 1000000.31 |    401 |         1 |
    |  3 | wupeiqi   | male |  81 | 2013-03-05 | teacher                                 | NULL         |    8300.00 |    401 |         1 |
    |  4 | yuanhao   | male |  73 | 2014-07-01 | teacher                                 | NULL         |    3500.00 |    401 |         1 |
    |  5 | liwenzhou | male |  28 | 2012-11-01 | teacher                                 | NULL         |    2100.00 |    401 |         1 |
    +----+-----------+------+-----+------------+-----------------------------------------+--------------+------------+--------+-----------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from  employee limit 5,5;
    +----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    | id | name       | sex    | age | hire_date  | post    | post_comment | salary   | office | depart_id |
    +----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    |  6 | jingliyang | female |  18 | 2011-02-11 | teacher | NULL         |  9000.00 |    401 |         1 |
    |  7 | jinxin     | male   |  18 | 1900-03-01 | teacher | NULL         | 30000.00 |    401 |         1 |
    |  8 | 成龙       | male   |  48 | 2010-11-11 | teacher | NULL         | 10000.00 |    401 |         1 |
    |  9 | 歪歪       | female |  48 | 2015-03-11 | sale    | NULL         |  3000.13 |    402 |         2 |
    | 10 | 丫丫       | female |  38 | 2010-11-01 | sale    | NULL         |  2000.35 |    402 |         2 |
    +----+------------+--------+-----+------------+---------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from  employee limit 10,5;
    +----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    | id | name      | sex    | age | hire_date  | post      | post_comment | salary   | office | depart_id |
    +----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    | 11 | 丁丁      | female |  18 | 2011-03-12 | sale      | NULL         |  1000.37 |    402 |         2 |
    | 12 | 星星      | female |  18 | 2016-05-13 | sale      | NULL         |  3000.29 |    402 |         2 |
    | 13 | 格格      | female |  28 | 2017-01-27 | sale      | NULL         |  4000.33 |    402 |         2 |
    | 14 | 张野      | male   |  28 | 2016-03-11 | operation | NULL         | 10000.13 |    403 |         3 |
    | 15 | 程咬金    | male   |  18 | 1997-03-12 | operation | NULL         | 20000.00 |    403 |         3 |
    +----+-----------+--------+-----+------------+-----------+--------------+----------+--------+-----------+
    5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

    使用正则表达式查询

    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP '^ale';
    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';
    SELECT * FROM employee WHERE name REGEXP 'm{2}';
    
    小结:对字符串匹配的方式
    WHERE name = 'egon';
    WHERE name LIKE 'yua%';
    WHERE name REGEXP 'on$';

    小练习

    查看所有员工中名字是jin开头,n或者g结果的员工信息

    select * from employee where name regexp '^jin.*[gn]$';
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/596014054-yangdongsheng/p/9993627.html
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