在对SQL的执行过程进行分析前,先看下测试demo:
/** * @author chenyk * @date 2018年8月20日 */ public class GoodsDaoTest { private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = null; @Test public void selectGoodsTest(){ SqlSession sqlSession = getSqlSessionFactory().openSession(true); // 1.加载mybatis配置文件 2.加载Mapper映射文件 GoodsDao goodsMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(GoodsDao.class); // 3.使用JDK动态代理的方式生成Mapper的代理对象 goodsMapper.selectGoodsById("1"); // 4.SQL的执行过程 sqlSession.commit(); } public static SqlSessionFactory getSqlSessionFactory() { String resource = "spring-ibatis.xml"; if(sqlSessionFactory == null){ try { sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(Resources .getResourceAsReader(resource)); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } return sqlSessionFactory; } }
整个的流程就是上面注释部分所写,加载配置文件------》加载映射文件-------》为Mapper接口生成代理对象----------》调用方法时,真正的执行逻辑是在invoke方法中。这篇文章就从MapperMethod类的execute方法入手,来分析SQL的执行过程。对于前面三个过程在其他文章中已经做了分析。好了,直接进入execute方法:
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) { Object result;
// insert操作 if (SqlCommandType.INSERT == command.getType()) { Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param)); } else if (SqlCommandType.UPDATE == command.getType()) {
// update操作 Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param)); } else if (SqlCommandType.DELETE == command.getType()) {
// delete操作 Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param)); } else if (SqlCommandType.SELECT == command.getType()) {
// select操作:返回类型为void,同时使用了ResultHandler if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) { executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args); result = null; } else if (method.returnsMany()) {
// select操作:返回多条记录,集合或者数组 result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args); } else if (method.returnsMap()) {
// select操作:返回Map结构 result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args); } else {
// select操作:返回一条记录,其实还是使用了selectList Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param); } } else { throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName()); } if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) { throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName() + " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ")."); } return result; }
1.查询
我们先从查询操作分析,对于executeWithResultHandler,executeForMany,executeForMap这些方法,都是调用了对应sqlSession.select*的方法,sqlSession提供了各种不同的select方法。比如executeForMany,底层调用的是sqlSession.selectList方法,如果返回的结果类型是LIst,那么直接返回就可以了,如果返回的是数组或者set,那么在executeForMany方法中,会对List进行包装,然后返回。可以看下源码:
private <E> Object executeForMany(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
// 查询的结果类型是List List<E> result; Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args); if (method.hasRowBounds()) {
// 如果有分页 RowBounds rowBounds = method.extractRowBounds(args); result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param, rowBounds); } else { result = sqlSession.<E>selectList(command.getName(), param); } // issue #510 Collections & arrays support
// 如果方法中定义的返回类型不是List,再进行判断 if (!method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(result.getClass())) {
// 如果方法中定义的返回类型是数组,那么对查询的结果List转为数组 if (method.getReturnType().isArray()) { return convertToArray(result); } else {
// 否则,按照方法中定义的返回类型,将List进行转换 return convertToDeclaredCollection(sqlSession.getConfiguration(), result); } } return result; }
对于查询操作,其原理都大同小异,所以我们将以其中一个的select操作进行分析整个过程,然后再针对整个过程中的涉及到重要节点进行分析。可以这样理解:一棵大树,我们从底部到顶部对主干先大致分析一遍,然后再对主干上的比较粗的枝干进行分析。接下里,就对selectOne这个主干进行分析。
1.1 selectOne方法分析
public <T> T selectOne(String statement, Object parameter) { // Popular vote was to return null on 0 results and throw exception on too many.
// 还是调用的selectList方法,只是返回第一条记录 List<T> list = this.<T>selectList(statement, parameter); if (list.size() == 1) { return list.get(0); } else if (list.size() > 1) {
// 如果查询出的数据有多条,则会返回报错信息 throw new TooManyResultsException("Expected one result (or null) to be returned by selectOne(), but found: " + list.size()); } else { return null; } }
进入selectList方法:
public <E> List<E> selectList(String statement, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds) { try {
//获取MappedStatement MappedStatement ms = configuration.getMappedStatement(statement);
// 调用Executor实现类中的query方法 List<E> result = executor.query(ms, wrapCollection(parameter), rowBounds, Executor.NO_RESULT_HANDLER); return result; } catch (Exception e) { throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error querying database. Cause: " + e, e); } finally { ErrorContext.instance().reset(); } }
这里有个问题值得思考:此处的query方法是调用Executor的哪个实现类的呢?默认是调用CachingExecutor的query方法,这个可以从sqlSessionFactory.openSession这个过程可以看出。CachingExecutor是个装饰类,用于给目标类增加二级缓存功能,那么目标类就是SimpleExecutor。关于Executor这一块在后面会做讲解。
进入CachingExecutor中的query方法:
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException {
// 获取BoundSql BoundSql boundSql = ms.getBoundSql(parameterObject); // 创建CacheKey
CacheKey key = createCacheKey(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, boundSql);
// 进入此方法 return query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); }
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
// 从MappedStatement中获取缓存,如果映射文件中没有配置缓存,则此处cache==null Cache cache = ms.getCache(); if (cache != null) { flushCacheIfRequired(ms); if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) { ensureNoOutParams(ms, parameterObject, boundSql); @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key); if (list == null) {
// 二级缓存未命中,则调用被装饰类的query方法:SimpleExecutor的query方法,它继承了BaseExecutor 进入此方法 list = delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
// 将查询结果放到缓存中 tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578. Query must be not synchronized to prevent deadlocks } return list; } }
// 进入此方法 return delegate.<E> query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); }
由于SimpleExecutor继承了BaseExecutor,并没有对query方法重新,所以进入BaseExecutor的query方法:
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId()); if (closed) throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed."); if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) { clearLocalCache(); } List<E> list; try { queryStack++;
// 从一级缓存中获取缓存项 list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null; if (list != null) { handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql); } else {
// 如果一级缓存未命中,则从数据库中查询 进入此方法 list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql); } } finally { queryStack--; } if (queryStack == 0) { for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) { deferredLoad.load(); } deferredLoads.clear(); // issue #601 if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) { clearLocalCache(); // issue #482 } } return list; }
上面这个方法主要是先从一级缓存中获取数据,如果缓存未命中,则再查询数据库,接下来进入queryFromDatabase方法:
private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { List<E> list;
// 向缓存中存储一个占位符 localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER); try {
// 数据库查询操作 list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); } finally {
// 移除占位符 localCache.removeObject(key); }
// 缓存查询的结果 localCache.putObject(key, list); if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) { localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter); } return list; }
然后我们进入SimpleExecutor的doQuery方法,进行真正的数据库查询操作:
public <E> List<E> doQuery(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException { Statement stmt = null; try { Configuration configuration = ms.getConfiguration();
// 创建StatementHandler StatementHandler handler = configuration.newStatementHandler(wrapper, ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql); // 创建statement
stmt = prepareStatement(handler, ms.getStatementLog());
// 查询操作 return handler.<E>query(stmt, resultHandler); } finally { closeStatement(stmt); } }
接下来,进入PreparedStatementHandler类的query方法:
public <E> List<E> query(Statement statement, ResultHandler resultHandler) throws SQLException { PreparedStatement ps = (PreparedStatement) statement;
// 执行SQL ps.execute();
// 处理查询结果 return resultSetHandler.<E> handleResultSets(ps); }
以上就是mybatis查询的主要过程,主干部分理清楚了,接下来就要对主干上的重要的枝干部分进行一个个的分析。
1.2 Executor解析
我们应该还记得上面提到的Executor接口的实现类是指CachingExecutor这个装饰类,它装饰的目标类是SimpleExecutor,我们从何处得知呢?首先进入DefaultSqlSession,Executor接口是它的一个属性,在DefaultSqlSession构造函数中给Executor赋予了值,所以搞清楚在DefaultSqlSession实例化构造对象时,传入的Executor类型就可以了。进入DefaultSqlSessionFactory的openSession方法:
public SqlSession openSession() {
// 进入此方法 return openSessionFromDataSource(configuration.getDefaultExecutorType(), null, false); }
private SqlSession openSessionFromDataSource(ExecutorType execType, TransactionIsolationLevel level, boolean autoCommit) { Transaction tx = null; try {
// 获取environment final Environment environment = configuration.getEnvironment();
// 根据environment获取transactionFactory final TransactionFactory transactionFactory = getTransactionFactoryFromEnvironment(environment);
// 获取transaction对象 tx = transactionFactory.newTransaction(environment.getDataSource(), level, autoCommit);
// 实例化一个Executor对象,此处的execType默认是SIMPLE 进入此方法 final Executor executor = configuration.newExecutor(tx, execType); return new DefaultSqlSession(configuration, executor, autoCommit); } catch (Exception e) { closeTransaction(tx); // may have fetched a connection so lets call close() throw ExceptionFactory.wrapException("Error opening session. Cause: " + e, e); } finally { ErrorContext.instance().reset(); } }
进入configuration.newExecutor方法,重点部分在这:
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) { executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType; executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType; Executor executor; if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) { executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction); } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) { executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction); } else {
// 由于executorType==SIMPLE executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction); }
// 如果映射文件配置了二级缓存,则对SimpleExecutor进行装饰,而装饰类是CacheExecutor,这就是创建DefaultSqlSession时传入的Executor参数 if (cacheEnabled) { executor = new CachingExecutor(executor); } executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor); return executor; }
好了,现在对于Executor的实现类为什么是CachingExecutor,已经清楚了。对于Executor的介绍可以看下这篇文章:《Executor介绍》。
未完待续。。。