linux安装nginx及常用命令

下载nginx的linux压缩包

上传到linux服务器

判断linux上是否有nginx

[root@VM-4-6-centos /]# whereis nginx
[root@VM-4-6-centos /]# 
[root@VM-4-6-centos /]# nginx
-bash: nginx: command not found

解压 nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz 压缩包

[root@VM-4-6-centos home]# tar -zxvf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

安装

# 第一步：进入解压的nginx目录
[root@VM-4-6-centos home]# cd nginx-1.18.0
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src
# 第二步：自动配置
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure     
checking for OS
 + Linux 3.10.0-1160.11.1.el7.x86_64 x86_64
checking for C compiler ... found
 + using GNU C compiler
 + gcc version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC)
checking for gcc -pipe switch ... found
checking for -Wl,-E switch ... found
checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found
checking for C99 variadic macros ... found
# 第三步：执行make命令
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# make
make -f objs/Makefile
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/nginx-1.18.0'
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I objs 
        -o objs/src/core/nginx.o 
        src/core/nginx.c
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I objs 
        -o objs/src/core/ngx_log.o 
        src/core/ngx_log.c
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I objs 
        -o objs/src/core/ngx_palloc.o 
        src/core/ngx_palloc.c
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I objs 
        -o objs/src/core/ngx_array.o 
        src/core/ngx_array.c
cc -c -pipe  -O -W -Wall -Wpointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -Werror -g  -I src/core -I src/event -I src/event/modules -I src/os/unix -I objs 
# 第四步：执行 make install 命令
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# make install
make -f objs/Makefile install
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/nginx-1.18.0'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/sbin'
test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' 
        || mv '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' 
                '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old'
cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx/conf' 
        || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/conf'
# 第五步：验证是否安装
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx-1.18.0]# cd /usr/local/nginx # 进入安装 nginx 目录
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx]# ll
total 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug  7 20:08 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug  7 20:08 html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug  7 20:08 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Aug  7 20:08 sbin  # 一般存放的执行文件
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx]# cd sbin
[root@VM-4-6-centos sbin]# ls
nginx
[root@VM-4-6-centos sbin]# ./nginx   # 执行 nginx
[root@VM-4-6-centos sbin]# cd ..
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx]# ls
client_body_temp  conf  fastcgi_temp  html  logs  proxy_temp  sbin  scgi_temp  uwsgi_temp
[root@VM-4-6-centos nginx]# cd conf  # 进入 nginx 配置文件目录
[root@VM-4-6-centos conf]# ll
total 68
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Aug  7 20:08 fastcgi.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1077 Aug  7 20:08 fastcgi.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Aug  7 20:08 fastcgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1007 Aug  7 20:08 fastcgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2837 Aug  7 20:08 koi-utf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2223 Aug  7 20:08 koi-win
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Aug  7 20:08 mime.types
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5231 Aug  7 20:08 mime.types.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Aug  7 20:08 nginx.conf    # nginx 配置文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2656 Aug  7 20:08 nginx.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 Aug  7 20:08 scgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  636 Aug  7 20:08 scgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 Aug  7 20:08 uwsgi_params
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  664 Aug  7 20:08 uwsgi_params.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3610 Aug  7 20:08 win-utf
[root@VM-4-6-centos conf]# cat nginx.conf   # 查看 nginx 配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;     # 开放的端口号 80
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

现在就可以访问80端口号对nginx进行访问了

nginx常用命令

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/
./nginx  # 启动
./nginx -s stop # 停止
./nginx -s quit # 安全退出
./nginx -s reload # 重新加载配置文件
ps aux|grep nginx # 查看nginx进程

简单配置反向代理和负载均衡

http {
    //http配置
    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
    upstream mytest{  //名称任意
        //负载均衡配置
        server 127.0.0.1:8080 weight=1;  //权重
        server 127.0.0.1:8081 weight=1;
    }
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            proxy_pass http://mytest;   //反向代理
        }
        location /admin {
            //不同的服务器
        }
}