• springMVC初识-配置版&注解版


    一、环境搭建(maven项目)

    1、依赖:

    <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.0</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>4.0.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
                <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <scope>provided</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    View Code

    2、因为maven约定大于配置所有需要在build中配置resources,来防止我们资源导出失败的问题

    <build>
            <resources>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.properties</include>
                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
                <resource>
                    <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/*.properties</include>
                        <include>**/*.xml</include>
                    </includes>
                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                </resource>
            </resources>
        </build>
    View Code

    3、可能遇到的问题:访问出现404,排查步骤:

    (1)查看控制台输出,看一下是不是缺少了什么jar包。
    (2)如果jar包存在,显示无法输出,就在IDEA的项目发布中,添加lib依赖!
    (3)重启Tomcat 即可解决!

     二、配置版

    1、配置web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet 

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
    
        <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
            </servlet-class> 
            <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param> 
            <!--启动级别-1-->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet> 
        <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)--> <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)-->
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    </web-app>
    View Code

    2、编写SpringMVC 的 配置文件!名称:springmvc-servlet.xml : [servletname]-servlet.xml(和xml中配的名称一样就可以)

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping" />
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter "/>
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
              id="InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
        <!--Handler-->
        <bean id="/hello" class="com.me.controller.HelloController"/>
    
    </beans>
    View Code

    注:(1)如果这个文件中出现中文访问可能出现500

      (2)处理映射器是:<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"/> 

      (3)处理器适配器是:<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"/> 

      (4)视图解析器:

    <!--视图解析器:DispatcherServlet给他的ModelAndView--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" id="InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!--前缀--> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!--后缀--> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean>
    View Code
    3、编写我们要操作业务Controller ,要么实现Controller接口,要么增加注解;需要返回一个ModelAndView,装数据,封视图;
    package com.me.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    //注意:这里我们先导入Controller接口
    public class HelloController implements Controller {
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
            System.out.println(this.getClass()+"王正帅");
            //ModelAndView 模型和视图
            ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView(); //封装对象,放在ModelAndView中。Model
            mv.addObject("msg", "HelloSpringMVC!");
            //封装要跳转的视图,放在ModelAndView中
            mv.setViewName("hello");
            //: /WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp
            return mv;
        }
    }
    View Code

    4、将自己的类交给SpringIOC容器,注册bean  :<bean id="/hello" class="com.me.controller.HelloController"/>

    5、写要跳转的jsp页面,显示ModelandView存放的数据,以及我们的正常页面;

    <%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: hp
      Date: 2020/4/1
      Time: 18:16
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>hello</title>
      </head>
      <body>
      ${msg}
      </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    6、运行测试

     三、注解版

    1、配置web.xml , 注册DispatcherServlet 

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
    
        <!--1.注册DispatcherServlet-->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
            </servlet-class>
            <!--关联一个springmvc的配置文件:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <!--启动级别-1-->
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <!--/ 匹配所有的请求;(不包括.jsp)--> <!--/* 匹配所有的请求;(包括.jsp)-->
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    </web-app>
    View Code

    2、编写SpringMVC 的 配置文件!名称:springmvc-servlet.xml : [servletname]-servlet.xml(和xml中配的名称一样就可以)

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
           https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.me.controller"/>
        <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver "
              id="internalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>
    </beans>
    View Code

    说明:

      (1)自动扫描包,让指定包下的注解生效,由IOC容器统一管理:<context:component-scan base-package="com.me.controller"/>
      (2)让Spring MVC不处理静态资源 (css、js等) :<mvc:default-servlet-handler />
      (3)支持mvc注解驱动在spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系要想使@RequestMapping注解生效必须向上下文中注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和一个AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter实例这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理。而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入:<mvc:annotation-driven /> 

    3、编写一个Java控制类:

    package com.me.controller;
    
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    
    @Controller
    public class HelloController {
        @RequestMapping("/hello")
        public String hello(Model model){
            model.addAttribute("msg","hello,springMVC!");
            return "hello";
        }
    }
    View Code

    说明:

      (1)@Controller是为了让Spring IOC容器初始化时自动扫描到;
      (2)@RequestMapping是为了映射请求路径,这里因为类与方法上都有映射所以访问时应该是/HelloController/hello;
      (3)方法中声明Model类型的参数是为了把Action中的数据带到视图中;
      (4)方法返回的结果是视图的名称hello,加上配置文件中的前后缀变成WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp。 
    4、在WEB-INF/ jsp目录中创建hello.jsp , 视图可以直接取出并展示从Controller带回的信息;可以通过EL表示取出Model中存放的值,或者对象;
    <%--
      Created by IntelliJ IDEA.
      User: hp
      Date: 2020/4/1
      Time: 20:08
      To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
    --%>
    <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
    <html>
      <head>
        <title>hello</title>
      </head>
      <body>
      ${msg}
      </body>
    </html>
    View Code

    5、运行测试

     注:使用注解比较快。

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/20183544-wangzhengshuai/p/12617701.html
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