ArcGIS之Calculate Field examples

Entering values with the keyboard is not the only way you can edit values in a table. In some cases, you might want to perform a mathematical calculation to set a field value for a single record or even all records. You can perform simple as well as advanced calculations on all or selected records. In addition, you can calculate area, length, perimeter, and other geometric properties on fields in attribute tables. The sections below include examples of using the field calculator. Calculations can be performed using either Python or VBScript.

Python is the recommended scripting language for ArcGIS. UsePython if you want access to geoprocessing functionality, including feature geometry. The adoption of Python as the scripting language for ArcGIS provides many opportunities for performing calculations.

Use VBScript if you have VBA or VBScript experience and are comfortable with the scripting syntax. Saved .cal files from previous versions of ArcGIS may work or require minimal modifications. If you have VBA code from past releases that use ArcObjects, you will need to modify your calculations.

Note:

• Python enforces indentation as part of the syntax. Use two or four spaces to define each logical level. Align the beginning and end of statement blocks, and be consistent.
• Python calculation expression fields are enclosed with exclamation points (!!).
• When naming variables, note that Python is case sensitive, so yield is not the same as Yield.
• VBScript does not allow you to explicitly declare any data types; all variables are implicitly Variant. Statements like Dim x as String should be removed or simplified to Dim x.
• After entering statements, you can click Save if you want to write them to a file. The Load button will prompt you to find and select an existing calculation file.

Simple calculations

Simple string examples

Strings are supported by a series of Python string functions, including capitalize, rstrip, and replace.

Capitalize the first character of the string in the field CITY_NAME.

!CITY_NAME!.capitalize()

Strip any white space from the end of the string in the field CITY_NAME.

!CITY_NAME!.rstrip()

Replace any occurrences of "california" with "California" found in the field STATE_NAME.

!STATE_NAME!.replace("california", "California")

Characters in a string field can be accessed by indexing and slicing in Python. Indexing fetches characters at an index position; slicing fetches a group of characters.

Example	Explanation	Result
!fieldname![0]	The first character.	"a"
!fieldname![-2]	The second-last character.	"e"
!fieldname![1:4]	The second, third, fourth, and fifth characters.	"bcd"

Python also supports string formatting using the % operator.

Combine FieldA and FieldB separated by a colon.

"%s:%s" % (!FieldA!, !FieldB!)

Common Python string operations

VBScript string functions

Strings are supported by a series of VBScript string functions, including Left, InStr, and Chr. Below are some VBScript examples for commonly used string functions in the Field Calculator.

Left function: Return a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from the left side of a string.

MyStr = Left([MyField], 1)

Right function: Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from the right side of a string.

MyStr = Right([MyField], 1)

Mid function: Returns a Variant (String) containing a specified number of characters from a string.

MyString = "Mid Function Demo" 'Create text string
FirstWord = Mid(MyString, 1, 3) ' Returns "Mid" 
LastWord = Mid(MyString, 14, 4) 'Returns "Demo"
MidWords = Mid(MyString, 5) 'Returns "Function Demo"

InStr function: Returns a Variant (Long) specifying the position of the first occurrence of one string within another.

MyPosition = InStr([address], " ")

Replace function: Returns a string in which a specified substring has been replaced with another substring a specified number of times.

NewString = Replace([comments], "#", "!")

Chr function: Returns a String containing the character associated with the specified character code.

' Replace a carriage return character with an exclamation 
NewString = Replace([comments], chr(13), "!")

& operator: Used to force string concatenation of two expressions.

MyStr = [MyField1] & " " & [MyField2]

Simple math examples

Python provides tools for processing numbers. Python also supports a number of numeric and mathematical functions, including math, cmath, decimal, random, itertools, functools, and operator.

Operator	Explanation	Example	Result
x + y	x plus y	1.5 + 2.5	4.0
x - y	x minus y	3.3 - 2.2	1.1
x * y	x times y	2.0 * 2.2	4.4
x / y	x divided by y	4.0 / 1.25	3.2
x // y	x divided by y (floor division)	4.0 / 1.25	3.0
x % y	x modulo y	8 % 3	2
-x	negative expression of x	x = 5 -x	-5
+x	x is unchanged	x = 5 +x	5
x ** y	x raised to the power of y	2 ** 3	8

Multiplication

!Rank! * 2

Calculate volume of a sphere given a radius field.

4 / 3 * math.pi * !Radius! ** 3

When performing field calculations with a Python expression, Python math rules are in effect. For example, dividing two integer values will always produce an integer output (3 / 2 = 1). To get decimal output:

• One of the numbers in the operation must be a decimal value: 3.0/2 = 1.5
• Use the float function to explicitly convert the value to a float:

  float(3)/2 = 1.5
  

   

  float(!Population!) / !Area!
  

  Using Python as a Calculator

Python built-in functions

Python has a number of built-in functions that are available to use, including max, min, round, and sum.

Python Built-in Functions

Calculate the maximum value for each record from a list of fields.

max([!field1!, !field2!, !field3!])

Calculate the sum for each record from a list of fields.

sum([!field1!, !field2!, !field3!])

Using code blocks

With Python expressions and the Code Block parameter, you can:

• Use any Python function in the expression.
• Access geoprocessing functions and objects.
• Access properties of feature geometry.
• Access the new random value operator.
• Reclassify values using if-then-else logic.
• Use other geoprocessing tools.

How the code block is used is determined by the parser used. The Field Calculator supports Python and VB Script parsers.

Parser	Code Block
Python	Supports Python functionality. The code block is expressed using Python functions (def). Geometry properties are expressed using geoprocessing objects, such as Point objects, where appropriate.
VB Script	Calculations are performed using VBScript.

Python functions are defined using the def keyword followed by the name of the function and the function’s input arguments. A Python function can be written to accept any number of input arguments (including none at all). Values are returned from the function using a return statement. The function name is your choice (don't use spaces or leading numbers).

Note:

Remember, Python enforces indentation as part of the syntax. Use two or four spaces to define each logical level. Align the beginning and end of statement blocks, and be consistent.

Code samples–math

Round a field's value to two decimal places.

Expression:
round(!area!, 2)

Parser:
Python

Use the math module to help convert meters to feet. The conversion is raised to the power of 2 and multiplied by the area.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
MetersToFeet((float(!shape.area!)))

Code Block:
def MetersToFeet(area):
  return math.pow(3.2808, 2) * area

Calculate fields using logic with Python

Classify based on field values.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
Reclass(!WELL_YIELD!)

Code Block:
def Reclass(WellYield):
  if (WellYield >= 0 and WellYield <= 10):
    return 1
  elif (WellYield > 10 and WellYield <= 20):
    return 2
  elif (WellYield > 20 and WellYield <= 30):
    return 3
  elif (WellYield > 30):
    return 4

Calculate fields using logic with VBScript

Conditionally executes a group of statements, depending on the value of an expression.

Parser:
VB Script

Expression:
density

Code Block:
Dim density
If [POP90_SQMI] < 100 Then
density = "low"

elseif [POP90_SQMI] < 300 Then
density = "medium"

else
density = "high"
end if

Code samples—geometry

Note:

For more on converting geometry units, see the section 'Geometry unit conversions' below.

Calculate the area of a feature.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.area!

Calculate the maximum X-coordinate of a feature.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.extent.XMax!

Calculate the vertex count of a feature.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
MySub(!shape!)

Code Block:
def MySub(feat):    
 partnum = 0

 # Count the number of points in the current multipart feature
 partcount = feat.partCount
 pntcount = 0

 # Enter while loop for each part in the feature (if a singlepart feature
 # this will occur only once)
 #
 while partnum < partcount:
  part = feat.getPart(partnum)
  pnt = part.next()

  # Enter while loop for each vertex
  #
  while pnt:
   pntcount += 1   
   pnt = part.next()
   
   # If pnt is null, either the part is finished or there is an 
   # interior ring
   #
   if not pnt: 
    pnt = part.next()
  partnum += 1
 return pntcount

For a point feature class, shift the x coordinate of each point by 100.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
shiftXCoordinate(!SHAPE!)

Code Block:
def shiftXCoordinate(shape):
   shiftValue = 100
   point = shape.getPart(0)
   point.X += shiftValue
   return point

Geometry unit conversions

Area and length properties of the geometry field can be modified with unit types expressed with an @ sign.

• Areal unit of measure keywords:
  • ACRES | ARES | HECTARES | SQUARECENTIMETERS | SQUAREDECIMETERS | SQUAREINCHES | SQUAREFEET | SQUAREKILOMETERS | SQUAREMETERS | SQUAREMILES | SQUAREMILLIMETERS | SQUAREYARDS | SQUAREMAPUNITS | UNKNOWN
• Linear unit of measure keywords:
  • CENTIMETERS | DECIMALDEGREES | DECIMETERS | FEET | INCHES | KILOMETERS | METERS | MILES | MILLIMETERS | NAUTICALMILES | POINTS | UNKNOWN | YARDS

Note:

If the data is stored in a geographic coordinate system and a linear unit (for example, feet) is supplied, the length calculation will be converted using a geodesic algorithm.

Caution:

Converting the areal units on data in a geographic coordinate system will yield questionable results since decimal degrees are not consistent across the globe.

Calculate a feature's length in yards.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.length@yards!

Calculate a feature's area in acres.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.area@acres!

Geodesic area and length can also be calculated using geodesicArea and geodesicLength properties with @ followed by a unit of measure keyword.

Calculate a feature's geodesic length in yards.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.geodesicLength@yards!

Calculate a feature's geodesic area in acres.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!shape.geodesicArea@acres!

Code samples—dates

Calculate the current date.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y")

Calculate the current date and time.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
time.strftime("%d/%m/%Y %H:%M")

Code samples—strings

Return the three right-most characters.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!SUB_REGION![-3:]

Replace any cases of an uppercase "P" with a lowercase "p".

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!STATE_NAME!.replace("P","p")

Concatenate two fields with a space separator.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
!SUB_REGION! + " " + !STATE_ABBR!

Convert to proper case

The following examples show different ways to convert words so that each word has the first character capitalized and the rest of the letters in lowercase.

 

Parser:
Python

Expression:
' '.join([i.capitalize() for i in !STATE_NAME!.split(' ')])

 

Parser:
Python

Expression:
string.capwords(!STATE_NAME!, ' ')

Code Block:
import string

 

Parser:
Python

Expression:
MySub(!STATE_NAME!)

Code Block:
def MySub(myfieldname):
 import string 
 return string.capwords(myfieldname, ' ')

Regular expressions

Python's re module provides regular expression matching operations that can be used to perform complex pattern matching and replacement rules for strings.

re – Regular expression operationsRegular expression how-to

Replace 'St' or 'St.' starting new words at the end of the string with the word 'Street'.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
update_street(!ADDRESS!)

Code Block:
import re
def update_street(street_name):
  return re.sub(r"""(St|St.)""",  
                'Street',
                street_name)

Accumulative and sequential calculations

Calculate a sequential ID or number based on an interval.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
autoIncrement()

Code Block:
rec=0
def autoIncrement():
 global rec
 pStart = 1 #adjust start value, if req'd 
 pInterval = 1 #adjust interval value, if req'd
 if (rec == 0): 
  rec = pStart 
 else: 
  rec = rec + pInterval 
 return rec

Calculate the accumulative value of a numeric field.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
accumulate(!FieldA!)

Code Block:
total = 0
def accumulate(increment):
 global total
 if total:
  total += increment
 else:
  total = increment
 return total

Calculate the percentage increase of a numeric field.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
percentIncrease(float(!FieldA!))

Code Block:
lastValue = 0
def percentIncrease(newValue):
 global lastValue
 if lastValue:
  percentage = ((newValue - lastValue) / lastValue)  * 100
 else: 
  percentage = 0
 lastValue = newValue
 return percentage

Random values

Use the numpy site package to calculate random float values between 0.0 and 1.0.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
getRandomValue()

Code Block:
import numpy.random as R

def getRandomValue():
    return R.random()

Calculating null values

Using a Python expression, null values can be calculated using a Python None.

Note:

The following calculation will only work if the field is nullable.

Use a Python None to calculate null values.

Parser:
Python

Expression:
None

Related Topics

Fundamentals of field calculations

Making simple field calculations

Calculating area, length, and other geometric properties

Changing the case of text field values