什么是Ajax?
两个数求和:
用Jquery和数据用json格式
viws函数:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request,"sum_two.html") import json def sendAjax(request): print(request.body) print(request.GET) print(request.POST) # json的数据放在body中,用时需要先转下接着 data=request.body.decode("utf8") data=json.loads(data) print(data) num1=data.get("num1")#这是字典形式用get print(num1,"第一个") num2=data.get("num2") print(num2, "第2个") ret=int(num1)+int(num2) return HttpResponse(ret)
html函数
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>INDEX</h1> <input type="text" class="num1">+<input type="text" class="num2">=<input type="text" class="ret"> <button>send Ajax</button> {% csrf_token %} <form action="" method=""></form> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery.cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script> // 基于jquery实现 $("button").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"/sendAjax/", type:"POST",<!--请求方法是post是就要用csrf_token--> headers:{"X-CSRFToken":$.cookie('csrftoken')},<!--最好用这个方法--> data:JSON.stringify({<!--变成json数据格式 里面数据键可以用引号也可以不用--> num1:$(".num1").val(), num2:$(".num2").val() }), contentType:"application/json",<!--客户端给服务器端提交数据的格式--> success:function (data) { console.log(data); $(".ret").val(data)<!--数据赋值给求和的值--> } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
原生js发送数据(数据格式是一般类型的)
views函数
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request,"sum_two.html") import json def sendAjax(request): print(request.body)这里有数据 print(request.GET)#这里没有数据 print(request.POST)这里有数据 #urlencoded 普通的数据类型 num1=request.POST.get("num1") num2=request.POST.get("num2") ret=int(num1)+int(num2) return HttpResponse(ret)
html函数 4步5种状态
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>INDEX</h1> <input type="text" class="num1">+<input type="text" class="num2">=<input type="text" class="ret"> <button>send Ajax</button> {% csrf_token %} {#<form action="" method=""></form>#} <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery.cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script> //基于JS实现 var ele_btn=document.getElementsByTagName("button")[0] ele_btn.onclick=function () { // 发送ajax // (1) 获取 XMLHttpRequest对象 xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); // (2) 连接服务器 // get //xmlHttp.open("get","/sendAjax/?a=1&b=2"); // post xmlHttp.open("post","/sendAjax/"); // 设置请求头的Content-Type xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); // (3) 发送数据 var ele_csrf=document.getElementsByName("csrfmiddlewaretoken")[0]; ele_num1=document.getElementsByClassName("num1")[0]; ele_num2=document.getElementsByClassName("num2")[0]; ele_ret=document.getElementsByClassName("ret")[0]; s1="num1="+ele_num1.value; s2="num2="+ele_num2.value; s3="&csrfmiddlewaretoken="+ele_csrf.value; xmlHttp.send(s1+"&"+s2+s3); <!--请求体数据--> // (4) 回调函数 success xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if(this.readyState==4 && this.status==200){ ele_ret.value=this.responseText } }; } </script> </body> </html>
原生js发送数据(数据格式是json)页面上只用了点击
views视图函数
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request,"sum_two.html") import json def sendAjax(request): print(request.body) print(request.GET)没有数据 print(request.POST)没有数据 # json的数据放在body中,用时需要先转下接着 data=request.body.decode("utf8") data=json.loads(data) print(data) print(data["name"]) print(data["age"]) return HttpResponse("ok")
html代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>INDEX</h1> <input type="text" class="num1">+<input type="text" class="num2">=<input type="text" class="ret"> <button>send Ajax</button> {% csrf_token %} {#<form action="" method=""></form>#} <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script src="http://apps.bdimg.com/libs/jquery.cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script> //======================================================json var ele_btn=document.getElementsByTagName("button")[0] ele_btn.onclick=function () { // 发送ajax // (1) 获取 XMLHttpRequest对象 xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); // (2) 连接服务器 // get //xmlHttp.open("get","/sendAjax/?a=1&b=2"); // post xmlHttp.open("post","/sendAjax/"); // 设置请求头的Content-Type var ele_csrf=document.getElementsByName("csrfmiddlewaretoken")[0]; xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type","application/json"); xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("X-CSRFToken",ele_csrf.value); // (3) 发送数据 xmlHttp.send('{"name":"yuan","age":12}') ; // 请求体数据 // (4) 回调函数 success xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = function() { if(this.readyState==4 && this.status==200){ console.log(this.responseText) } }; } </script> </body> </html>
跨域jsonp
解决跨域用种方向:
一:就是Access-Control-Allow-Origin
二:Jsonp
建立两个项目
项目1:
htmls:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h2>项目1</h2> <button>send ajax</button> <span class="ky">kuayu</span> <p><span class="getJsonp">getJsonp</span></p> <p><span class="final_ajax">final_ajax</span></p> <p><span class="jiangxiTV">jiangxiTV</span></p> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/">跳转</a> <hr> <div class="show_list"> </div> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script> //这种方法就会产生跨站请求被阻止的 $("button").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/", success:function (data) { console.log(data) } }) }); function foo(arg) { console.log(arg) } // 动态生成script标签 function add_scipt(url) { var ele_script=$("<script>"); // ele_script.attr("src",url);//添加属性 ele_script.attr("id","dy_tag");//添加属性 $("body").append(ele_script);<!--添加用append--> $("#dy_tag").remove() } $(".ky").click(function () { add_scipt("http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/?callbacks=foo") }); // jquery: getJsonp这个回调函数是匿名函数 $(".getJsonp").click(function () { $.getJSON("http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/?callbacks=?",{"name":123},function (data) { console.log(data) }) }); // final_ajax用jquery实现时返回的数据不用反序列化 $(".final_ajax").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/", dataType:"jsonp", jsonp: 'callbacks', success:function (data) { console.log(data) } }) }) // 跨域请求实例请求电视台的信息 返回信息不用发序列化 $(".jiangxiTV").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403", dataType: 'jsonp', jsonp: 'callback', jsonpCallback: 'list', success:function (data) { console.log(data.data); // [{},{},{},{},{},{}] week_list=data.data; $.each(week_list,function (i,j) {<!--循环的时候的用each--> console.log(i,j); // 1 {week: "周一", list: Array(19)} s="<p>"+j["week"]+"列表</p>";<!--对象可以用.或者字典的取值方式都可以--> $(".show_list").append(s); $.each(j.list,function (k,v) { // {time: "0030", name: "通宵剧场六集连播", link: "http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml"} a="<p><a href='"+v.link+"'>"+v.name+"</a></p>";<!--用拼接的方式--> $(".show_list").append(a); }) }) } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
views:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request,"index.html") def ajax_send(request): print("111111111") return HttpResponse("项目1")
urls
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/', views.index), ]
项目2:
htmls:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h2>项目2</h2> <button>send ajax</button> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script> $("button").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"/ajax_send2/", success:function (data) { console.log(data) } }) }) </script> </body> </html>
views:
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request,"index.html") def ajax_send2(request): func_name=request.GET.get("callbacks") import json print(222222222) print(request.GET) print(func_name) # jQuery32104784307525424374_1512015579023 s={"name":"egon","age":123} return HttpResponse("%s(%s)"%(func_name,json.dumps(s)))#这个用的是匿名函数 def foo(): # return HttpResponse("list({})") return HttpResponse("ok")
urls:
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^index/', views.index), url(r'^ajax_send2/', views.ajax_send2), ]
dataType:"jsonp", //必须有,告诉server,这次访问要的是一个jsonp的结果。 jsonp: 'callbacks', //jQuery帮助随机生成的:callbacks="wner"
用jsonp的实例(一个电视台信息的请求)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h2>项目1</h2> <button>send ajax</button> <span class="ky">kuayu</span> <p><span class="getJsonp">getJsonp</span></p> <p><span class="final_ajax">final_ajax</span></p> <p><span class="jiangxiTV">jiangxiTV</span></p> <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8011/ajax_send2/">跳转</a> <hr> <div class="show_list"> </div> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.js "></script> <script> //这种方法就会产生跨站请求被阻止的 $("button").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/", success:function (data) { console.log(data) } }) }); function foo(arg) { console.log(arg) } // 动态生成script标签 function add_scipt(url) { var ele_script=$("<script>"); // ele_script.attr("src",url);//添加属性 ele_script.attr("id","dy_tag");//添加属性 $("body").append(ele_script); $("#dy_tag").remove() } $(".ky").click(function () { add_scipt("http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/?callbacks=foo") }); // jquery: getJsonp $(".getJsonp").click(function () { $.getJSON("http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/?callbacks=?",{"name":123},function (data) { console.log(data) }) }); // final_ajax用jquery实现时返回的数据不用反序列化 $(".final_ajax").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://127.0.0.1:8111/ajax_send2/", dataType:"jsonp", jsonp: 'callbacks', success:function (data) { console.log(data) } }) }) // 跨域请求实例请求电视台的信息 返回信息不用发序列化 $(".jiangxiTV").click(function () { $.ajax({ url:"http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403", dataType: 'jsonp', jsonp: 'callback', jsonpCallback: 'list', success:function (data) { console.log(data.data); // [{},{},{},{},{},{}] week_list=data.data; $.each(week_list,function (i,j) {<!--循环的时候的用each--> console.log(i,j); // 1 {week: "周一", list: Array(19)} s="<p>"+j["week"]+"列表</p>";<!--对象可以用.或者字典的取值方式都可以--> $(".show_list").append(s); $.each(j.list,function (k,v) { // {time: "0030", name: "通宵剧场六集连播", link: "http://www.jxntv.cn/live/jxtv2.shtml"} a="<p><a href='"+v.link+"'>"+v.name+"</a></p>";<!--用拼接的方式--> $(".show_list").append(a); }) }) } }) }) </script> </body> </html>