• 王颖奇 20171010129《面向对象程序设计(java)》第九周学习总结


     实验九 异常、断言与日志

    实验时间 2018-10-25

    1、实验目的与要求

    (1) 掌握java异常处理技术;

    (2) 了解断言的用法

    (3) 了解日志的用途;

    (4) 掌握程序基础调试技巧;

    2、实验内容和步骤

    实验1:用命令行与IDE两种环境下编辑调试运行源程序ExceptionDemo1ExceptionDemo2,结合程序运行结果理解程序,掌握未检查异常和已检查异常的区别。

    //异常示例1

    public class ExceptionDemo1 {

    public static void main(String args[]) {

    int a = 0;

    System.out.println(5 / a);

    }

    }

    //异常示例2

    import java.io.*;

    public class ExceptionDemo2 {

    public static void main(String args[])

         {

              FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");//JVM自动生成异常对象

              int b;

              while((b=fis.read())!=-1)

              {

                  System.out.print(b);

              }

              fis.close();

          }

    }

     示例的更改思路与相应代码:

    异常示例1:

    增加判断分母是否为零的语句:

    异常示例2:

    更改思路

    1. throws IOException :使用该语句抛出异常

    2.try/catch语句块:捕获异常

    3.将字节流改为字符流,读取文件内容

    更改后代码:

    package shiyan9;
    
    import java.io.*;
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class ExceptionDemo2 {
        public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException 
         {
              try {
    
              File file = new File("text.txt");
              FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
              BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
              String b;
              while((b=in.readLine())!=null)
              {
                  System.out.print(b);
              }
              fis.close();
          }catch (Exception e) {
              e.printStackTrace();
          }
         }
    }
    ExceptionDemo2

    实验2 导入以下示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

    测试程序1:

    elipse IDE中编辑、编译、调试运行教材2817-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    在程序中相关代码处添加新知识的注释;

    掌握Throwable类的堆栈跟踪方法;

    package stackTrace;
    
    import java.util.*;
    
    /**
     * A program that displays a trace feature of a recursive method call.
     * @version 1.01 2004-05-10
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class StackTraceTest
    {
       /**
        * Computes the factorial of a number
        * @param n a non-negative integer
        * @return n! = 1 * 2 * . . . * n
        */
       public static int factorial(int n)
       {
          System.out.println("factorial(" + n + "):");
          Throwable t = new Throwable();
          StackTraceElement[] frames = t.getStackTrace();
          for (StackTraceElement f : frames)
             System.out.println(f);
          int r;
          if (n <= 1) r = 1;
          else r = n * factorial(n - 1);
          System.out.println("return " + r);
          return r;
       }
    
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
          System.out.print("Enter n: ");
          int n = in.nextInt();
          factorial(n);
       }
    }
    StackTraceTest

    运行结果:

    测试程序2

    l Java语言的异常处理积极处理方法和消极处理两种方式

    下列两个简答程序范例给出了两种异常处理的代码格式。在elipse IDE中编辑、调试运行源程序ExceptionalTest.java,将程序中的text文件更换为身份证号.txt,要求将文件内容读入内容,并在控制台显示;

    掌握两种异常处理技术的特点。

    //积极处理方式  

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[])

       {

           try{

           FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

           }

           catchFileNotFoundExcption e

         {   ……  }

    ……

        }

    }

    //消极处理方式

    import java.io.*;

    class ExceptionTest {

    public static void main (string args[]) throws  FileNotFoundExcption

         {

          FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream("text.txt");

         }

    }

    积极的:

    package demo;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class ExceptionTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String m, n = new String();
                while ((m = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    n += m + "
     ";
                }
                in.close();
                System.out.println(n);
    
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    ExceptionTest

    消极的:

    package demo;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    
    public class ExceptionTest {
        public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("身份证号.txt");
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String m, n = new String();
                while ((m = in.readLine()) != null) {
                    n += m + "
     ";
                }
                in.close();
                System.out.println(n);
        }
    }
    ExceptionTest

    运行结果:

    实验3: 编程练习

    练习1

    编制一个程序,将身份证号.txt 中的信息读入到内存中;

    按姓名字典序输出人员信息;

    查询最大年龄的人员信息;

    查询最小年龄人员信息;

    输入你的年龄,查询身份证号.txt中年龄与你最近人的姓名、身份证号、年龄、性别和出生地;

    查询人员中是否有你的同乡;

    在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    代码:

    package shen;
    
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.Arrays;
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class Main {
        private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist;
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            studentlist = new ArrayList<>();
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            File file = new File("C:\Users\ASUS\Desktop\新建文件夹\身份证号.txt");
            try {
                FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file);
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis));
                String temp = null;
                while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) {
    
                    Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp);
    
                    linescanner.useDelimiter(" ");
                    String name = linescanner.next();
                    String number = linescanner.next();
                    String sex = linescanner.next();
                    String age = linescanner.next();
                    String province = linescanner.nextLine();
                    Student student = new Student();
                    student.setName(name);
                    student.setnumber(number);
                    student.setsex(sex);
                    int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
                    student.setage(a);
                    student.setprovince(province);
                    studentlist.add(student);
    
                }
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件找不到");
                e.printStackTrace();
                //加入的捕获异常代码
            } catch (IOException e) {
                System.out.println("学生信息文件读取错误");
                e.printStackTrace();
                //加入的捕获异常代码
            }
            boolean isTrue = true;
            while (isTrue) {
                System.out.println("选择你的操作,输入正确格式的选项");
                System.out.println("A.字典排序");
                System.out.println("B.输出年龄最大和年龄最小的人");
                System.out.println("C.寻找老乡");
                System.out.println("D.寻找年龄相近的人");
                System.out.println("F.退出");
                String m = scanner.next();
                switch (m) {
                case "A":
                    Collections.sort(studentlist);
                    System.out.println(studentlist.toString());
                    break;
                case "B":
                    int max = 0, min = 100;
                    int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0;
                    for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                        j = studentlist.get(i).getage();
                        if (j > max) {
                            max = j;
                            k1 = i;
                        }
                        if (j < min) {
                            min = j;
                            k2 = i;
                        }
    
                    }
                    System.out.println("年龄最大:" + studentlist.get(k1));
                    System.out.println("年龄最小:" + studentlist.get(k2));
                    break;
                case "C":
                    System.out.println("老家?");
                    String find = scanner.next();
                    String place = find.substring(0, 3);
                    for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                        if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place))
                            System.out.println("老乡" + studentlist.get(i));
                    }
                    break;
    
                case "D":
                    System.out.println("年龄:");
                    int yourage = scanner.nextInt();
                    int near = agenear(yourage);
                    int value = yourage - studentlist.get(near).getage();
                    System.out.println("" + studentlist.get(near));
                    break;
                case "F":
                    isTrue = false;
                    System.out.println("退出程序!");
                    break;
                default:
                    System.out.println("输入有误");
    
                }
            }
        }
    
        public static int agenear(int age) {
            int j = 0, min = 53, value = 0, k = 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) {
                value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age;
                if (value < 0)
                    value = -value;
                if (value < min) {
                    min = value;
                    k = i;
                }
            }
            return k;
        }
    
    }
    Main
    ackage shen;
    
    public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
    
        private String name;
        private String number ;
        private String sex ;
        private int age;
        private String province;
       
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        public String getnumber() {
            return number;
        }
        public void setnumber(String number) {
            this.number = number;
        }
        public String getsex() {
            return sex ;
        }
        public void setsex(String sex ) {
            this.sex =sex ;
        }
        public int getage() {
    
            return age;
            }
            public void setage(int age) {
                // int a = Integer.parseInt(age);
            this.age= age;
            }
    
        public String getprovince() {
            return province;
        }
        public void setprovince(String province) {
            this.province=province ;
        }
    
        public int compareTo(Student o) {
           return this.name.compareTo(o.getName());
        }
    
        public String toString() {
            return  name+"	"+sex+"	"+age+"	"+number+"	"+province+"
    ";
        }    
    }
    Student

    注:以下实验课后完成

    练习2

    编写一个计算器类,可以完成加、减、乘、除的操作;

    利用计算机类,设计一个小学生100以内数的四则运算练习程序,由计算机随机产生10道加减乘除练习题,学生输入答案,由程序检查答案是否正确,每道题正确计10分,错误不计分,10道题测试结束后给出测试总分;

    将程序中测试练习题及学生答题结果输出到文件,文件名为test.txt

    在以上程序适当位置加入异常捕获代码。

    代码:

    package demo;
    
    import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
    import java.io.PrintWriter;
    import java.util.Random;
    import java.util.Scanner;
    
    public class demo {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
            yunsuan counter = new yunsuan();
            PrintWriter out = null;
            try {
                out = new PrintWriter("text.txt");
            } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            int sum = 0;
            System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型");
            System.out.println("类型1:除法");
            System.out.println("类型2:乘法");
            System.out.println("类型3:加法");
            System.out.println("类型4:减法");
            
            for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
                int a = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                int b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                int m;
                Random rand = new Random();
                m = (int) rand.nextInt(4) + 1;
                System.out.println("随机生成的四则运算类型:"+m);
    
                switch (m) {
                case 1:
                    System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "/" + b + "=");
    
                    while (b == 0) {
                        b = (int) Math.round(Math.random() * 100);
                    }
    
                    double c0 = in.nextDouble();
                    out.println(a + "/" + b + "=" + c0);
                    if (c0 == counter.division(a, b)) {
                        sum += 10;
                        System.out.println("right!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("error!");
                    }
    
                    break;
    
                case 2:
                    System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "*" + b + "=");
                    int c = in.nextInt();
                    out.println(a + "*" + b + "=" + c);
                    if (c == counter.multiplication(a, b)) {
                        sum += 10;
                        System.out.println("right!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("error!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "+" + b + "=");
                    int c1 = in.nextInt();
                    out.println(a + "+" + b + "=" + c1);
                    if (c1 == counter.add(a, b)) {
                        sum += 10;
                        System.out.println("right!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("error!");
                    }
                    break;
                case 4:
                    System.out.println(i + ": " + a + "-" + b + "=");
                    int c2 = in.nextInt();
                    out.println(a + "-" + b + "=" + c2);
                    if (c2 == counter.reduce(a, b)) {
                        sum += 10;
                        System.out.println("right!");
                    } else {
                        System.out.println("error!");
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
            System.out.println("成绩" + sum);
            out.println("成绩:" + sum);
            out.close();
        }
    }
    demo
    packagedemo;publicclassyunsuan{privateinta;privateintb;publicintadd(inta,intb){returna+b;}publicintreduce(inta,intb){returna-b;}publicintmultiplication(inta,intb){returna*b;}publicintdivision(inta,intb){if(b!=0)returna/b;elsereturn0;}}
    yunsuan

    运行结果:

    实验4:断言、日志、程序调试技巧验证实验。

    实验程序1

    //断言程序示例

    public class AssertDemo {

        public static void main(String[] args) {        

            test1(-5);

            test2(-3);

        }

        

        private static void test1(int a){

            assert a > 0;

            System.out.println(a);

        }

        private static void test2(int a){

           assert a > 0 : "something goes wrong here, a cannot be less than 0";

            System.out.println(a);

        }

    }

    elipse下调试程序AssertDemo,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    注释语句test1(-5);后重新运行程序,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    掌握断言的使用特点及用法。

    实验程序2

    JDK命令调试运行教材298-300页程序7-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

    并掌握Java日志系统的用途及用法。

    package logging;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.util.logging.*;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    /**
     * A modification of the image viewer program that logs various events.
     * @version 1.03 2015-08-20
     * @author Cay Horstmann
     */
    public class LoggingImageViewer
    {
       public static void main(String[] args)
       {
          if (System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.class") == null
                && System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file") == null)
          {
             try
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").setLevel(Level.ALL);
                final int LOG_ROTATION_COUNT = 10;
                Handler handler = new FileHandler("%h/LoggingImageViewer.log", 0, LOG_ROTATION_COUNT);
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(handler);
             }
             catch (IOException e)
             {
                Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").log(Level.SEVERE,
                      "Can't create log file handler", e);
             }
          }
    
          EventQueue.invokeLater(() ->
                {
                   Handler windowHandler = new WindowHandler();
                   windowHandler.setLevel(Level.ALL);
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").addHandler(windowHandler);
    
                   JFrame frame = new ImageViewerFrame();
                   frame.setTitle("LoggingImageViewer");
                   frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    
                   Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava").fine("Showing frame");
                   frame.setVisible(true);
                });
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * The frame that shows the image.
     */
    class ImageViewerFrame extends JFrame
    {
       private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
       private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 400;   
    
       private JLabel label;
       private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger("com.horstmann.corejava");
    
       public ImageViewerFrame()
       {
          logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");      
          setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
    
          // set up menu bar
          JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
          setJMenuBar(menuBar);
    
          JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
          menuBar.add(menu);
    
          JMenuItem openItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
          menu.add(openItem);
          openItem.addActionListener(new FileOpenListener());
    
          JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
          menu.add(exitItem);
          exitItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener()
             {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
                {
                   logger.fine("Exiting.");
                   System.exit(0);
                }
             });
    
          // use a label to display the images
          label = new JLabel();
          add(label);
          logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame", "<init>");
       }
    
       private class FileOpenListener implements ActionListener
       {
          public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
          {
             logger.entering("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed", event);
    
             // set up file chooser
             JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
             chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
    
             // accept all files ending with .gif
             chooser.setFileFilter(new javax.swing.filechooser.FileFilter()
                {
                   public boolean accept(File f)
                   {
                      return f.getName().toLowerCase().endsWith(".gif") || f.isDirectory();
                   }
    
                   public String getDescription()
                   {
                      return "GIF Images";
                   }
                });
    
             // show file chooser dialog
             int r = chooser.showOpenDialog(ImageViewerFrame.this);
    
             // if image file accepted, set it as icon of the label
             if (r == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
             {
                String name = chooser.getSelectedFile().getPath();
                logger.log(Level.FINE, "Reading file {0}", name);
                label.setIcon(new ImageIcon(name));
             }
             else logger.fine("File open dialog canceled.");
             logger.exiting("ImageViewerFrame.FileOpenListener", "actionPerformed");
          }
       }
    }
    
    /**
     * A handler for displaying log records in a window.
     */
    class WindowHandler extends StreamHandler
    {
       private JFrame frame;
    
       public WindowHandler()
       {
          frame = new JFrame();
          final JTextArea output = new JTextArea();
          output.setEditable(false);
          frame.setSize(200, 200);
          frame.add(new JScrollPane(output));
          frame.setFocusableWindowState(false);
          frame.setVisible(true);
          setOutputStream(new OutputStream()
             {
                public void write(int b)
                {
                } // not called
    
                public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len)
                {
                   output.append(new String(b, off, len));
                }
             });
       }
    
       public void publish(LogRecord record)
       {
          if (!frame.isVisible()) return;
          super.publish(record);
          flush();
       }
    }
    LoggingImageViewer

     运行结果:

    按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术

    1)条件断点 

    2)变量断点

    3)方法断点

    4)异常断点

    5)重新调试

    6)单步执行程序 

    7)检查变量

    8)改变变量值

    学习总结:

    1. 处理错误

    程序中常见的几类错误:

    (1)用户输入错误

    (2)设备错误

    (3)物理限制

    (4)代码错误

    异常:

    在程序执行的过程中所发生的异常事件,它中断指令的正常执行。

    异常分类:

    (1)非致命异常和致命异常

    (2)在java中,异常对象都派生于Throwable类的一个实例。

    (3)所有的异常类由Throwable继承而来,分为Error类和Exception类(重点学习)

    (4)Exception类中的RuntimeException为运行时异常类,一般由程序错误产生。派生于Error类或RuntimeException类的所有异常被称为未检查异常,编译器允许不对这些异常进行处理 

    (5)声明抛出异常:throws语句

    (6)捕获异常:try、catch、finally块

    Try语句:括住可能抛出异常的代码段

    Catch语句:指明要捕获的异常及相应的处理代码

    Finally语句:必须执行的程序块

    断言:是程序的开发和测试阶段用于插入一些代码错误检测语句的工具。

    断言(assert)语法如下:

    1、assert 条件

    或者

    2、assert 条件:表达式

    这两个形式都会对布尔“条件”进行判断,如果判断结果为假(false),说明程序已经处于不正确的状态下,系统则抛出AssertionError,给出警告并且退出。在第二种形式中,“表达式”会传入AssertionError的构造函数中并转成一个消息字符

    日志和调试

    调试技术:

    按课件66-77内容练习并掌握Elipse的常用调试技术。

    感受:

    通过这个周的学习,我了解了异常的概念,以及异常的分类,掌握了异常的捕获和处理办法等。在课下的学习中,我初步学习了断言和java调试技术,但还是有很多不懂的地方,希望老师能仔细讲解。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/1556889081wyq/p/9861577.html
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