【建表语句】
create table test03(
id int primary key not null auto_increment,
c1 char(10),
c2 char(10),
c3 char(10),
c4 char(10),
c5 char(10)
);
insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('a1','a2','a3','a4','a5');
insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('b1','b2','b3','b4','b5');
insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('c1','c2','c3','c4','c5');
insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('d1','d2','d3','d4','d5');
insert into test03(c1,c2,c3,c4,c5) values('e1','e2','e3','e4','e5');
select * from test03;
【建索引】
create index idx_test03_c1234 on test03(c1,c2,c3,c4);
show index from test03;
问题:我们创建了复合索引idx_test03_c1234 ,根据以下SQL分析下索引使用情况?
1 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1'; 2 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2'; 3 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3'; 4 explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3' and c4='a4';
1)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3='a3' and c4='a4';
2)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4='a4' and c3='a3';
explain select * from test03 where c4='a4' and c3='a3' and c2='a2' and c1='a1';
3)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c3>'a3' and c4='a4';
4)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4>'a4' and c3='a3';
说明:4个索引全部使用,虽然c3在最后,但是mysql可以自动调优。
5)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c4='a4' order by c3;
c3作用在排序而不是查找
【索引的两大功能:查找和排序】
6)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c3;
7)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c4;
出现了filesort
8)
8.1
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c2,c3;
只用c1一个字段索引,但是c2、c3用于排序,无filesort
8.2
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;
出现了filesort,我们建的索引是1234,它没有按照顺序来,3 2 颠倒了
9)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' order by c2,c3;
10)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c5='a5' order by c2,c3;
用c1、c2两个字段索引,但是c2、c3用于排序,无filesort
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c2='a2' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;
本例有常量c2的情况,和8.2对比(c2='c2'已经有具体值,为常量时,无需排序)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c5='a5' order by c3,c2;
filesort出现
11)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c4='a4' group by c2,c3;
12)
explain select * from test03 where c1='a1' and c4='a4' group by c3,c2;
Using where; Using temporary; Using filesort
【group by表面理解为分组,但是要注意的是,分组之前必排序】
【结论】
【一般性建议】
1、对于单键索引,尽量选择针对当前query过滤性更好的索引
2、在选择组合索引的时候,当前Query中过滤性最好的字段在索引字段顺序中,位置越靠前(左)越好。(避免索引过滤性好的索引失效)
3、在选择组合索引的时候,尽量选择可以能够包含当前query中的where字句中更多字段的索引
4、尽可能通过分析统计信息和调整query的写法来达到选择合适索引的目的