Python(os模块)

os模块

import os
import time
print(os.getcwd()) #py执行文件路径，和在console下不一样

os.chdir(r'/home/nizhipeng') #改变当前脚本目录;相当于cd,工作环境发生改变
print(os.getcwd())

print(os.curdir) #.返回当前目录: ('.')
print(os.pardir) #..获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：('..')

#在nizhipeng文件下查看变化
os.makedirs('abc/alex')#当前工作目录已改变，为/home/nizhipeng，所以在其路径下生成了多层递归目录 abc/alex
time.sleep(.5)
os.removedirs('abc/alex')#只删除空文件夹

#在nizhipeng文件下查看变化
os.mkdir('efd')    #生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirname
time.sleep(.5)
os.rmdir('efd')    #删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirname

dirs = os.listdir(r'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4')
print(dirs) #列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印

#os.remove('ppt.py')# 在/home/nizhipeng 工作空间下，只能删文件，不能删文件夹

#os.rename("ww","www") #重命名文件/目录 在/home/nizhipeng 工作空间下

info = os.stat('./www')
print(info)

print(os.sep) #输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符 / ,在ｌｉｎｕｘ下为/,但是在ｗｉｎ下为\,跨平台时会涉及到这种情况

print(os.system("dir"))

print(os.environ)  #获取系统环境变量

print(os.path.abspath('./wwww')) #返回path规范化的绝对路径

path = os.path.split(r'/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5/os_module.py')
print(path) #将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回 (路径，文件)

#获得绝对路径上一层的路径
print(os.path.dirname('/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5'))  #返回path的目录。其实就是os.path.split(path)的第一个元素

 第１２行，在工作目录下生多级文件。

执行结果：

/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5
/home/nizhipeng
.
..
['day4', 'day5']
os.stat_result(st_mode=16893, st_ino=1079409, st_dev=2056, st_nlink=2, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=4096, st_atime=1535548162, st_mtime=1535548153, st_ctime=1535548162)
/
Arduino            freenect2     OpenNI-Linux-x64-2.2         slambook
arduino-1.8.5        g2o-master     ORB_SLAM2             Sophus
building_editor_models    kinect         Pangolin             www
catkin_learning        kinect_cal_data  pcl-pcl-1.8.1             公共的
catkin_ws        kinect_ros     publish             模板
ceres-solver-master    libfreenect     pycharm-community-2018.2.1  视频
clion-2017.3.4        libfreenect2     PycharmProjects         图片
CLion-2017.3.4.tar.gz    libvisensor     Qt5.11.0             文档
data            mynt-eye     ros_imu             下载
DBow3            octomap-devel     ros_workspace             音乐
examples.desktop    opencv-3.3.0     serial-master             桌面
0
environ({'QT_QPA_PLATFORMTHEME': 'appmenu-qt5', 'VIRTUAL_ENV': '/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/venv', 'DEFAULTS_PATH': '/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.default.path', 'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8', 'DISPLAY': ':0', 'UPSTART_SESSION': 'unix:abstract=/com/ubuntu/upstart-session/1000/1160', 'SHLVL': '0', 'GTK_IM_MODULE': 'fcitx', 'PS1': '(venv) ', 'LOGNAME': 'nizhipeng', 'LANG': 'zh_CN.UTF-8', 'XDG_SESSION_TYPE': 'x11', 'USER': 'nizhipeng', 'LANGUAGE': 'zh_CN:', 'XMODIFIERS': '@im=fcitx', 'COMPIZ_BIN_PATH': '/usr/bin/', 'XDG_MENU_PREFIX': 'gnome-', 'XDG_CONFIG_DIRS': '/etc/xdg/xdg-ubuntu:/usr/share/upstart/xdg:/etc/xdg', 'UPSTART_EVENTS': 'xsession started', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'ubuntu', 'JOB': 'unity-settings-daemon', 'XDG_SEAT': 'seat0', 'GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL': '', 'XDG_DATA_DIRS': '/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/share/gnome:/usr/local/share:/usr/share:/var/lib/snapd/desktop:/var/lib/snapd/desktop', 'GDMSESSION': 'ubuntu', 'GTK2_MODULES': 'overlay-scrollbar', 'QT_ACCESSIBILITY': '1', 'GPG_AGENT_INFO': '/home/nizhipeng/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1', 'GDM_LANG': 'zh_CN', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '1', 'PATH': '/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/venv/bin:/home/nizhipeng/bin:/home/nizhipeng/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin', 'COMPIZ_CONFIG_PROFILE': 'ubuntu', 'UPSTART_JOB': 'unity7', 'IM_CONFIG_PHASE': '1', 'XAUTHORITY': '/home/nizhipeng/.Xauthority', 'SESSION_MANAGER': 'local/nizhipeng:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/1473,unix/nizhipeng:/tmp/.ICE-unix/1473', 'XDG_SESSION_ID': 'c1', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '1', 'CLUTTER_IM_MODULE': 'xim', 'PYTHONPATH': '/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython', 'SHELL': '/bin/bash', 'GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE': '/home/nizhipeng/.local/share/applications/jetbrains-pycharm-ce.desktop', 'XDG_RUNTIME_DIR': '/run/user/1000', 'HOME': '/home/nizhipeng', 'UNITY_DEFAULT_PROFILE': 'unity', 'GIO_LAUNCHED_DESKTOP_FILE_PID': '12562', 'UNITY_HAS_3D_SUPPORT': 'true', 'SSH_AUTH_SOCK': '/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh', 'XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP': 'ubuntu', 'QT_IM_MODULE': 'fcitx', 'SESSIONTYPE': 'gnome-session', 'INSTANCE': '', 'QT4_IM_MODULE': 'fcitx', 'XDG_SESSION_PATH': '/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0', 'DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS': 'unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-tidHVpjjH9', 'XDG_SEAT_PATH': '/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0', 'XDG_VTNR': '7', 'PWD': '/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5', 'GTK_MODULES': 'gail:atk-bridge:unity-gtk-module', 'MANDATORY_PATH': '/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.mandatory.path', 'XDG_GREETER_DATA_DIR': '/var/lib/lightdm-data/nizhipeng', 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID': 'this-is-deprecated', 'QT_LINUX_ACCESSIBILITY_ALWAYS_ON': '1', 'SESSION': 'ubuntu', 'UPSTART_INSTANCE': '', 'GNOME_KEYRING_PID': ''})
/home/nizhipeng/wwww
('/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4/day5', 'os_module.py')
/home/nizhipeng/PycharmProjects/learnPython/week4

Process finished with exit code 0

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5161349.html