• Linux下mysq基础命令(二)


    1. 创建数据库相关命令:
      mysql> STATUS(s)  - 列出当前mysql的相关状态信息
      mysql> SHOW DATABASES;  - 显示数据库列表
      mysql> USE DB_name;  - 选中数据库DB_name
      mysql> SHOW TABLES;  - 显示DB_name下的TABLES列表
      mysql> CREATE DATABASE DB_name;  - 创建一个新的数据库,当然,首先你应该以root用户登录,普通用户并没有创建数据库的权利
      mysql> GRANT SELECT,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE ON DB_name TO user_name IDENTIFIED
          > by 'user_psd';  - 授予新用户user_name对于数据库DB_name的指定权限,登录密码user_psd。该用户拥有的权限:SELECT,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE
      mysql DB_name -u user_name -p  - 用新创建的用户user_name登录数据库DB_name
      mysql mytest -u root -p  - 用root用户登录数据库DB_name,当我们需要为数据库DB_name创建新表时,需要root用户的权限,如下,创建新表的过程:
      mysql> CREATE TABLE employees (
        - > empid int not null,  - 该字段列值非空
        -> lastname varchar(30),
        -> firstname varchar(30),
        -> salary float,
        -> primary key (empid));  - 该字段列值唯一,"primary key" 表示该列是表的主键, MySQL将自动索引该列
      mysql> SHOW COLUMNS FROM employees;  - 显示employees各字段信息(有时我们需要知道表的结构才能确定插入内容的格式)
      mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE employees;  - 显示表employees的创建过程,同样可以查看其内部结构
      mysql> INSERT INTO table VALUES (...);  - 向表table插入一条信息,如:mysql> INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'Blum', 'Rich', 25000.00);
        若:mysql> INSERT INTO employees VALUES (1, 'Blum', 'Barbara', 45000.00);
        则:ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '1' for key 1
      mysql> DELETE FROM employees WHERE empid = 1;  - 删除empid = 1的那条信息
      mysql> DELETE FROM employees;  - 删除指定数据库表employees的所有项
      mysql> SELECT * FROM employees;  - 查询表employees的所有字段内容,SELECT为查询命令
      mysql> SELECT datafields FROM table;  - 查询字段列表datafields指定的内容(个字段间用“,”分割)。常用的三个过滤器修饰符如下:
        WHERE:显示符合特定条件的数据行子集。如:mysql> SELECT * FROM employees WHERE salary > 40000;
        ORDER BY:以指定顺序显示数据行。
        LIMIT:只显示数据行的一个子集。
      E.G. :
        mysql> SELECT * FROM employees;
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
        | empid | lastname | firstname | salary |
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
        | 0 | ER | ZHANG | 4500 |
        | 1 | SAN | ZHANG | 5500 |
        | 2 | SI | ZHANG | 6500 |
        | 3 | WU | ZHANG | 7500 |
        | 4 | LIU | ZHANG | 8500 |
        | 5 | QI | ZHANG | 9500 |
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
      mysql> SELECT lastname, salary FROM employees WHERE salary > 5000 && salary < 8000;
        +----------+--------+
        | lastname | salary |
        +----------+--------+
        | SAN | 5500 |
        | SI | 6500 |
        | WU | 7500 |
        +----------+--------+
      mysql> SELECT * FROM employees1 ORDER BY lastname (ASC/DECS);  - 按字段lastname排序查询表employees1
      mysql> SELECT * FROM employees1 WHERE salary LIKE '6%';  - 限制salary为数字6开头的项,LIKE字句可以代替“=”使用
      mysql> exit/quit  - 退出数据库软件

    2. 新建数据库之后的相关操作:
      ALTER:
        mysql> ALTER TABLE table_name ...;  - 创建表之后,有时我们需要对表的结构进行修改,就用这个作为命令头部
        mysql> ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME (AS) table_new_name;  - 表重命名
        mysql> ALTER TABLE table_name ADD 列名 列数据类型 [AFTER 插入位置];  - 在表中新增一个字段信息
        mysql> ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE 列名称 列新名称 新数据类型;  - 指定列重命名
        mysql> ALTER TABLE table_name DROP 列名称;  - 删除指定列
      DROP:
        mysql> DROP TABLE table_name;  - 删除指定表
        mysql> DROP DATABASE database_name;  - 删除指定数据库
        mysqladmin -u root -p drop database_name;  - 同样可以使用mysqladmin命令在mysql软件之外删除指定数据库
      UPDATE:
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
        | empid | lastname | firstname | salary |
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+ +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
        | 5 | QI | ZHANG | 9500 |      | 5 | QI | ZHANG | 9500 | 
        | 7 | BA | ZAHNG | 9500 |     -->   | 6 | BA | ZAHNG | 9500 |
        +-------+----------+-----------+--------+ +-------+----------+-----------+--------+
        mysql> UPDATE employees1
          -> SET empid = 6
          -> WHERE lastname = 'BA';  - 限定条件

    3. 数据库表间数据复制:http://www.jb51.net/article/47562.htm
      同一数据库表间复制:
        INSERT (INTO) table1 select * from table2;  - 完全复制(mysql测试可用)
        INSERT (INTO) table1 select distinct * from table2;  - 不复制重复纪录(mysql测试不可用)
        INSERT (INTO) table1 select top 5 * from table2;  - 前五条纪录(mysql测试不可用)
      跨数据库表间复制:
        INSERT (INTO) (current.)table1 select * from src_database.table2;  - 完全复制
        INSERT (INTO) (current.)table1 select distinct * from src_database.table2;  - 不复制重复纪录
        INSERT (INTO) (current.)table1 select top 5 * from src_database.table2;  - 前五条纪录
      若table1不存在,则首先应该创建表,并使其结构与src_database结构相同方可copy:
        CREATE TABLE table1 LIKE (src_database.)table2;  - +(src_database.)取决于是否在同一个数据库
        INSERT table1 SELECT * FROM (src_database.)table2;

    4. 数据库重命名的几种方法:http://www.cnblogs.com/allenhua/p/5393189.html
      以方法四为例(mysqldump导出数据再导入):mytest -> mytest1
      mysqldump -u root -p mytest > mytest_dump.SQL
      mysql -u root -p -e "CREATE DATABASE mytest1"
      mysql -u root -p mytest1 < mytest_dump.SQL
      mysql -u root -p -e "DROP DATABASE mytest"

    5. 数据库用户权限相关:
      mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mytest1.* TO test@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'test';  - 授予用户test对于数据库mytest1的所有权限
      mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, DELETE,... ON mytest1.* TO test@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'test';  - 授予用户test指定权限
      mysql> DELETE FROM user WHERE user = 'test';  - 删除用户test
      mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;  - 刷新各用户权限
      mysql> select * from user;  - 查询所有用户的权利

    6. 多表查询:
      mysql> SELECT salary FROM employees1
        -> UNION (ALL)
        -> SELECT salary FROM employees2;  - 合并employees1与employees2两表salary结果,无重复。+(ALL)全列出可重复
          +--------+
          | salary |
          +--------+
          | 4500 |
          | 5500 |
          | 6500 |
          | 7500 |
          | 8500 |
          | 9500 |
          | 10500 |
          | 11500 |
          +--------+
      三种JOIN查询方式:http://www.runoob.com/mysql/mysql-join.html

        两个实例数据库结构如下:
        mysql> SELECT * FROM tcount_tbl;
        +---------------+--------------+
        | runoob_author | runoob_count |
        +---------------+--------------+
        | 菜鸟教程     |   10   |
        | RUNOOB.COM |   20   |
        | Google     |   22   |
        +---------------+--------------+
        mysql> SELECT * from runoob_tbl;
        +-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
        | runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
        +-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
        | 1     | 学习 PHP  | 菜鸟教程   | 2017-04-12 |
        | 2     | 学习 MySQL | 菜鸟教程   | 2017-04-12 |
        | 3     | 学习 Java  | RUNOOB.COM | 2015-05-01 |
        | 4     | 学习 Python | RUNOOB.COM | 2016-03-06 |
        | 5     | 学习 C   | FK        | 2017-04-05 |
        +-----------+---------------+---------------+-----------------+
        INNER JOIN(内连接,或等值连接):获取两个表中字段匹配关系的记录

                    
          mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a 
             -> INNER JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
          等价于:
          mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a, tcount_tbl b 
             -> WHERE a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
          | a.runoob_id | a.runoob_author | b.runoob_count |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
        --> | 1 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
        --> | 2 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
          | 3 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          | 4 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
        LEFT JOIN(左连接):获取左表所有记录,即使右表没有对应匹配的记录

                    
          mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a 
             -> LEFT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
          | a.runoob_id | a.runoob_author | b.runoob_count |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
        --> | 1 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
        --> | 2 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
          | 3 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          | 4 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          | 5 | FK | NULL |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
        RIGHT JOIN(右连接):与 LEFT JOIN 相反,用于获取右表所有记录,即使左表没有对应匹配的记录

                    
          mysql> SELECT a.runoob_id, a.runoob_author, b.runoob_count FROM runoob_tbl a 
             -> RIGHT JOIN tcount_tbl b ON a.runoob_author = b.runoob_author;
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
          | a.runoob_id | a.runoob_author | b.runoob_count |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+
        --> | 1 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
        --> | 2 | 菜鸟教程 | 10 |
          | 3 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          | 4 | RUNOOB.COM | 20 |
          | NULL | NULL | 22 |
          +-------------+-----------------+----------------+

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/101718qiong/p/9354542.html
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