## 1 请求和响应
### 1.1 请求
```python
# 请求对象
# from rest_framework.request import Request
def __init__(self, request, parsers=None, authenticators=None,
negotiator=None, parser_context=None):
# 二次封装request，将原生request作为drf request对象的 _request 属性
self._request = request
def __getattr__（self，item）：
return getattr(self._request,item)
# 请求对象.data:前端以三种编码方式传入的数据，都可以取出来
# 请求对象..query_params 与Django标准的request.GET相同，只是更换了更正确的名称而已。
```
### 1.2 响应
```python
#from rest_framework.response import Response
def __init__(self, data=None, status=None,
template_name=None, headers=None,
exception=False, content_type=None):
#data：你要返回的数据，字典
#status：返回的状态码，默认是200，
-from rest_framework import status在这个路径下，它把所有使用到的状态码都定义成了常量
#template_name 渲染的模板名字（自定制模板），不需要了解
#headers:响应头，可以往响应头放东西，就是一个字典
#content_type：响应的编码格式，application/json和text/html;
# 浏览器响应成浏览器的格式，postman响应成json格式，通过配置实现的（默认配置）
#不管是postman还是浏览器，都返回json格式数据
# drf有默认的配置文件---》先从项目的setting中找，找不到，采用默认的
# drf的配置信息，先从自己类中找--》项目的setting中找---》默认的找
-局部使用:对某个视图类有效
-在视图类中写如下
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer
renderer_classes=[JSONRenderer,]
-全局使用：全局的视图类，所有请求，都有效
-在setting.py中加入如下
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': ( # 默认响应渲染类
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json渲染器
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', # 浏览API渲染器
)
}
```
## 2 视图
```python
# 两个视图基类
APIView
GenericAPIView
```
### 2.1 基于APIView写接口
```python
#### views.py
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from app01.models import Book
from app01.ser import BookSerializer
# 基于APIView写的
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
book_list=Book.objects.all()
book_ser=BookSerializer(book_list,many=True)
return Response(book_ser.data)
def post(self,request):
book_ser = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
else:
return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校验失败'})
class BookDetailView(APIView):
def get(self, request,pk):
book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
book_ser = BookSerializer(book)
return Response(book_ser.data)
def put(self, request,pk):
book = Book.objects.all().filter(pk=pk).first()
book_ser = BookSerializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
else:
return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校验失败'})
def delete(self,request,pk):
ret=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})
#models.py
class Book(models.Model):
name=models.CharField(max_length=32)
price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
publish=models.CharField(max_length=32)
#ser.py
class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model=Book
fields='__all__'
# urls.py
path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
re_path('books/(?P<pk>d+)', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
```
### 2.2 基于GenericAPIView写的接口
```python
# views.py
class Book2View(GenericAPIView):
#queryset要传queryset对象，查询了所有的图书
# serializer_class使用哪个序列化类来序列化这堆数据
queryset=Book.objects
# queryset=Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self,request):
book_list=self.get_queryset()
book_ser=self.get_serializer(book_list,many=True)
return Response(book_ser.data)
def post(self,request):
book_ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
else:
return Response({'status':101,'msg':'校验失败'})
class Book2DetailView(GenericAPIView):
queryset = Book.objects
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request,pk):
book = self.get_object()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(book)
return Response(book_ser.data)
def put(self, request,pk):
book = self.get_object()
book_ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book,data=request.data)
if book_ser.is_valid():
book_ser.save()
return Response(book_ser.data)
else:
return Response({'status': 101, 'msg': '校验失败'})
def delete(self,request,pk):
ret=self.get_object().delete()
return Response({'status': 100, 'msg': '删除成功'})
#url.py
# 使用GenericAPIView重写的
path('books2/', views.Book2View.as_view()),
re_path('books2/(?P<pk>d+)', views.Book2DetailView.as_view()),
```
### 2.3 基于GenericAPIView和5个视图扩展类写的接口
```python
from rest_framework.mixins import ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,RetrieveModelMixin
# views.py
class Book3View(GenericAPIView,ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin):
queryset=Book.objects
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self,request):
return self.list(request)
def post(self,request):
return self.create(request)
class Book3DetailView(GenericAPIView,RetrieveModelMixin,DestroyModelMixin,UpdateModelMixin):
queryset = Book.objects
serializer_class = BookSerializer
def get(self, request,pk):
return self.retrieve(request,pk)
def put(self, request,pk):
return self.update(request,pk)
def delete(self,request,pk):
return self.destroy(request,pk)
# urls.py
# 使用GenericAPIView+5 个视图扩展类 重写的
path('books3/', views.Book3View.as_view()),
re_path('books3/(?P<pk>d+)', views.Book3DetailView.as_view()),
```
### 3.4 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口
```python
# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
class Book5View(ModelViewSet): #5个接口都有，但是路由有点问题
queryset = Book.objects
serializer_class = BookSerializer
# urls.py
# 使用ModelViewSet编写5个接口
path('books5/', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'list','post':'create'})), #当路径匹配，又是get请求，会执行Book5View的list方法
re_path('books5/(?P<pk>d+)', views.Book5View.as_view(actions={'get':'retrieve','put':'update','delete':'destroy'})),
```
### 3.5 源码分析ViewSetMixin
```python
# 重写了as_view
# 核心代码（所以路由中只要配置了对应关系，比如{'get':'list'}）,当get请求来，就会执行list方法
for method, action in actions.items():
#method：get
# action：list
handler = getattr(self, action)
#执行完上一句，handler就变成了list的内存地址
setattr(self, method, handler)
#执行完上一句 对象.get=list
#for循环执行完毕 对象.get:对着list 对象.post：对着create
```
### 3.6 继承ViewSetMixin的视图类
```python
# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ViewSetMixin
class Book6View(ViewSetMixin,APIView): #一定要放在APIVIew前
def get_all_book(self,request):
print("xxxx")
book_list = Book.objects.all()
book_ser = BookSerializer(book_list, many=True)
return Response(book_ser.data)
# urls.py
#继承ViewSetMixin的视图类，路由可以改写成这样
path('books6/', views.Book6View.as_view(actions={'get': 'get_all_book'})),
```