Servlet--HttpServlet实现doGet和doPost请求的原理
一、HttpServlet简介
1、HttpServlet是GenericServlet的子类,又是在GenericServlet的基础上做了增强。
2、HttpServlet方法
二、HTTP实现doGet或doPost请求项目介绍
1、通过实现doGet请求和doPost请求实例来了解内部的工作原理。
2、doGet请求和doPost请求实例代码介绍:
A:创建一个Servlet类继承HttpServlet类
B:在index.jsp页面创建一个超链接请求
3、doGet请求和doPost请求实例实施介绍:
A、创建一个webproject项目。
B、创建一个Servlet类的名称为HttpServ继承HttpServlet类同时覆写doGet方法和doPost方法。
1、
2、
3、配置web.xml文件
4、创建Servlet代码展示
- package httpserve;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.PrintWriter;
- import javax.servlet.ServletException;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
- public class HttpServ extends HttpServlet {
- public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- System.out.println("发送get请求。。。。。。。。。。。");
- }
- protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
- System.out.println("发送post方法。。。。。。。。。。");
- }
- }
5、web.xml配置文件代码展示
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app version="3.0"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
- <servlet>
- <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
- <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
- <servlet-name>HttpServ</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>httpserve.HttpServ</servlet-class>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>HttpServ</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/http</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
C、在index.jsp页面创建一个超链接请求
- <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
- <%
- String path = request.getContextPath();
- String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
- %>
- <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
- <html>
- <head>
- <base href="<%=basePath%>">
- <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
- <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
- <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
- <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
- <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
- <!--
- <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
- -->
- </head>
- <body>
- This is my JSP page. <br>
- <a href="http://localhost:8080/test06/http">get请求1</a><br/>
- <!-- 对于一个html页面来说,如果没有以http开始,则默认的前面会加上
- 协议类型://目前这个页面所在的服务器:目前端口/目前项目/你给的这个名称 -->
- <a href="http">get请求2</a><hr/>
- <form method = "post" action="http">
- <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
D、发送doGet请求和doPost请求
a、在浏览器中输入测试地址,http://127.0.0.1:8080/test06/
b、打开项目的首页后分别点击get请求1、get请求2、和 post请求(提交按钮)
c、在控制台可以观察到分别调用了doGet和doPost方法。
三、HTTP实现doGet或doPost请求原理介绍
1、浏览器发送请求到HttpSevr类调用HttpServ的service(servletRequest, servletReponse)方法
2、由于没有找到这个方法,去调用父类(HttpServlet) 的同名方法。
3、父类的service方法将ServletRequest req请求转换成HttpServletRequest请求,再去调用service(request, response) 方法。
将ServletRequest req请求转换成HttpServletRequest请求再调用service(request, response) 方法源码如下:
- public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- HttpServletRequest request;
- HttpServletResponse response;
- try {
- request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
- response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
- } catch (ClassCastException e) {
- throw new ServletException("non-HTTP request or response");
- }
- service(request, response);
- }
4、 调用的service(request, response) 方法功能是判断用户发出是什么请求,如果是get则调用子类(HttpSevr)的doGet方法,如果是post则调用子类(HttpSevr)的doPost方法。
service(request, response) 方法源码如下:
- protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
- throws ServletException, IOException {
- String method = req.getMethod();
- if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) {
- long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
- if (lastModified == -1) {
- // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason
- // to go through further expensive logic
- doGet(req, resp);
- } else {
- long ifModifiedSince;
- try {
- ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE);
- } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
- // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set
- ifModifiedSince = -1;
- }
- if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) {
- // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet()
- // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare
- // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less
- maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
- doGet(req, resp);
- } else {
- resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED);
- }
- }
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) {
- long lastModified = getLastModified(req);
- maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified);
- doHead(req, resp);
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) {
- doPost(req, resp);
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) {
- doPut(req, resp);
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) {
- doDelete(req, resp);
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) {
- doOptions(req,resp);
- } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) {
- doTrace(req,resp);
- } else {
- //
- // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever
- // method was requested, anywhere on this server.
- //
- String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented");
- Object[] errArgs = new Object[1];
- errArgs[0] = method;
- errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs);
- resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg);
- }
- }
5、调用关系图
四、注意事项:
1、如果在HttpServ中覆盖了service(ServletRequest,SerlvetResonse)方法则这个类的所实现的doGet/doPost都不会再执行了。
因为service(ServletRequest,SerlvetResonse)是最高接口Servlet定义规范。在tomcat调用时,一定会在最终的子类中去找这个方法且调用它。
如果最终的子类没有则会调用父的service(ServletRequest,SerlvetResonse)。
2、如果覆盖了serivce(HttpServletRequest,HtpServletResponse)则会执行httpServlet中的service(ServletRequest,SerlvetResonse),但是由于子类中已经覆盖了serivce(HttpServletRequest,HtpServletResponset)所以,httpServlet中的serivce(HttpServletRequest,HtpServletResponset)就不再执行了,而是直接执行子类中同名同参数方法,且doXxxx也不会执行了,因为子类的serivce(HttpServletRequest,HtpServletResponset)没有调用doXxxx.
3、如果继承了HttpServlet没有实现任何的doXxx方法则会抛出一个异常