[C++] 井字棋游戏源码

TicTac.h

#define EX 1            //该点左鼠标
#define OH 2            //该点右鼠标

class CMyApp : public CWinApp
{
public:
    virtual BOOL InitInstance ();
};

class CMainWindow : public CWnd       //不是继承CFrameWnd 因此需要在CMainWindow()自己定义窗口类了
{
protected:
    static const CRect m_rcSquares[9];    // Grid coordinates
    int m_nGameGrid[9];            // 9个格子的状态是否被下0没下；1左下了；2右下了
    int m_nNextChar;            // 下一个鼠标状态左or右 (EX or OH)
    bool ptab[9][8];            //玩家的获胜的状态表
    bool ctab[9][8];            //电脑的获胜的状态表
    int win[2][8];              //每种状态表里的棋子数

    int GetRectID (CPoint point);
    void DrawBoard (CDC* pDC);
    void DrawX (CDC* pDC, int nPos);
    void DrawO (CDC* pDC, int nPos);
    void CpDraw(CDC* pDC);
    void InitGame();
    void out();
    void ResetGame ();
    bool CheckForGameOver ();
    int IsWinner ();
    BOOL IsDraw ();

public:
    CMainWindow ();

protected:
    virtual void PostNcDestroy ();//在程序终止之前销毁CMainWindow对象

    afx_msg void OnPaint ();
    afx_msg void OnLButtonDown (UINT nFlags, CPoint point);
    afx_msg void OnLButtonDblClk (UINT nFlags, CPoint point);
    afx_msg void OnRButtonDown (UINT nFlags, CPoint point);

    DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP ()
};

TicTac.cpp

#include <afxwin.h>
#include "TicTac.h"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
CMyApp myApp;
/*ofstream Cout("out.txt");
void CMainWindow::out(){
    Cout<<"ptab[][]=:
";
    for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<8;j++)
            Cout<<setw(3)<<ptab[i][j]<<' ';
        Cout<<'
';
    }
    Cout<<"ctab[][]=:
";
    for(int i=0;i<9;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<8;j++)
            Cout<<setw(3)<<ctab[i][j]<<' ';
        Cout<<'
';
    }
    Cout<<"win[][]=:
";
    for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
        for(int j=0;j<8;j++)
            Cout<<setw(3)<<win[i][j]<<' ';
        Cout<<'
';
    }
}*/
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMyApp member functions

BOOL CMyApp::InitInstance ()
{
    m_pMainWnd = new CMainWindow;
    m_pMainWnd->ShowWindow (m_nCmdShow);
    m_pMainWnd->UpdateWindow ();
    return TRUE;
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CMainWindow message map and member functions

BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP (CMainWindow, CWnd)
    ON_WM_PAINT ()
    ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN ()
    ON_WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK ()
    ON_WM_RBUTTONDOWN ()
END_MESSAGE_MAP ()

//9个矩形区域用来判定鼠标是否点进某一区域
const CRect CMainWindow::m_rcSquares[9] = {      
    CRect ( 16,  16, 112, 112),
    CRect (128,  16, 224, 112),
    CRect (240,  16, 336, 112),
    CRect ( 16, 128, 112, 224),
    CRect (128, 128, 224, 224),
    CRect (240, 128, 336, 224),
    CRect ( 16, 240, 112, 336),
    CRect (128, 240, 224, 336),
    CRect (240, 240, 336, 336)
};

CMainWindow::CMainWindow ()
{
    //初始化游戏
    InitGame();
    

    
    //注册一个 WNDCLASS 窗口类.
    CString strWndClass = AfxRegisterWndClass (
        CS_DBLCLKS,                                        // Class style（有双击时间发生的窗口类型）
        AfxGetApp ()->LoadStandardCursor (IDC_ARROW),   // Class cursor（加载一个系统光标，也可自己定义）
        (HBRUSH) (COLOR_3DFACE + 1),                    // Background brush（每次：：BeginPaint时用它清空客户区）；COLOR_3DFACE+1是指定窗口具有与按钮对话框一致的背景色和其他一些3D属性；默认为灰亮色
        AfxGetApp ()->LoadStandardIcon (IDI_WINLOGO)    // Class icon（加载系统图标，也可自己定义）
    );

    //调用CWnd::CreateEx()创建主窗口
    //第一个参数表示0个或是多个WS_EX标志组合；2：AfxRegisterWndClass（）返回的WNDCLASS名称；
    //3、标题；4、窗口样式
    CreateEx (0, strWndClass, _T ("井字棋"),
        WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_SYSMENU | WS_CAPTION | WS_MINIMIZEBOX,   //WS_THICKFRAME窗口可调大小属性（这里不用）
        CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, //初始位置和大小，这里用CW_USEDEFAULT让Windows拾取窗口和大小
        NULL, NULL);

    //处理窗口位置和尺寸
    CRect rect (0, 0, 352, 352);       //理想客户区窗口矩形形状
    CalcWindowRect (&rect);            //根据分辨率、菜单...计算窗口矩形大小（必须在窗口创建后调用）

    SetWindowPos (NULL, 0, 0, rect.Width (), rect.Height (),
        SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOREDRAW);
}

//在程序结束之前销毁创建的CMainWindow对象
void CMainWindow::PostNcDestroy ()
{
    delete this;
}

//OnPaint()响应每次重绘棋盘
void CMainWindow::OnPaint ()
{
    CPaintDC dc (this);
    DrawBoard (&dc);    
}


//单击鼠标左键响应
void CMainWindow::OnLButtonDown (UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
    CClientDC dc (this);

    //如果不该左键响应（即不该左键下，返回）
    if (m_nNextChar != EX){
        return ;
    }

    //获得点击矩形区域编号
    //如果没有点中或者已经被下棋了，返回
    int nPos = GetRectID (point);   
    if ((nPos == -1) || (m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0))  
        return;

    //标记已下并改变下一个点击状态
    m_nGameGrid[nPos] = EX;
    m_nNextChar = OH;

    //画上图并判断游戏是否结束
    DrawX (&dc, nPos);
    if(CheckForGameOver ())return;

    //后续改变胜利表和各人、机各胜利组合的棋子数
    for(int i=0;i<8;i++){
        if(ptab[nPos][i]){
            win[0][i]++;
            ctab[nPos][i]=false;
            win[1][i]=5;
        }
    }

    //电脑下棋
    CpDraw(&dc);
    if(CheckForGameOver ())return;
}

//单击鼠标右键响应（同左键）
void CMainWindow::OnRButtonDown (UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
    if (m_nNextChar != OH)
        return;

    int nPos = GetRectID (point);
    if ((nPos == -1) || (m_nGameGrid[nPos] != 0))
        return;

    m_nGameGrid[nPos] = OH;
    m_nNextChar = EX;

    CClientDC dc (this);
    DrawO (&dc, nPos);
    CheckForGameOver ();
}

//左键双击边框重新开始
//dc.GetPixel (Point point)获取当前光标下像素颜色判断与黑色匹配
void CMainWindow::OnLButtonDblClk (UINT nFlags, CPoint point)
{
    CClientDC dc (this);
    if (dc.GetPixel (point) == RGB (0, 0, 0))
        ResetGame ();
}

//判定鼠标是否点进矩形某一区域，点进返回区域编号，没有返回-1
//此处用了一个rect.PtInRect(Point point)函数帮助判定
int CMainWindow::GetRectID (CPoint point)
{
    for (int i=0; i<9; i++) {
        if (m_rcSquares[i].PtInRect (point))
            return i;
    }
    return -1;
}

//画上棋盘并画上圈和叉
void CMainWindow::DrawBoard (CDC* pDC)
{
    //画上棋盘
    CPen pen (PS_SOLID, 16, RGB (0, 0, 0));
    CPen* pOldPen = pDC->SelectObject (&pen);

    pDC->MoveTo (120, 16);
    pDC->LineTo (120, 336);

    pDC->MoveTo (232, 16);
    pDC->LineTo (232, 336);

    pDC->MoveTo (16, 120);
    pDC->LineTo (336, 120);

    pDC->MoveTo (16, 232);
    pDC->LineTo (336, 232);

    //画上叉和圈
    for (int i=0; i<9; i++) {
        if (m_nGameGrid[i] == EX)
            DrawX (pDC, i);
        else if (m_nGameGrid[i] == OH)
            DrawO (pDC, i);
    }
    pDC->SelectObject (pOldPen);
}

//画叉函数
void CMainWindow::DrawX (CDC* pDC, int nPos)
{
    CPen pen (PS_SOLID, 16, RGB (255, 0, 0));//宽为16像素的红笔
    CPen* pOldPen = pDC->SelectObject (&pen);

    CRect rect = m_rcSquares[nPos];
    rect.DeflateRect (16, 16);//把矩形每个方向都缩进16个像素作为线条边框
    pDC->MoveTo (rect.left, rect.top);
    pDC->LineTo (rect.right, rect.bottom);
    pDC->MoveTo (rect.left, rect.bottom);
    pDC->LineTo (rect.right, rect.top);

    pDC->SelectObject (pOldPen);
}

//画圈函数
void CMainWindow::DrawO (CDC* pDC, int nPos)
{
    CPen pen (PS_SOLID, 16, RGB (0, 0, 255));//宽为16像素的红笔
    CPen* pOldPen = pDC->SelectObject (&pen);
    pDC->SelectStockObject (NULL_BRUSH);     //空画刷是为了防止画出的圆内部出现白色遮住背景

    CRect rect = m_rcSquares[nPos];
    rect.DeflateRect (16, 16);//把矩形每个方向都缩进16个像素作为圆的边框
    pDC->Ellipse (rect);

    pDC->SelectObject (pOldPen);
}

//电脑画图
void CMainWindow::CpDraw(CDC* pDC)
{
    int grades[2][9];
    int m,i,max=0;
    int u;

    for(m=0;m<9;m++)
    {
        grades[0][m]=0;
        grades[1][m]=0;

        if(m_nGameGrid[m]==0)
        {
            for(i=0;i<8;i++)
            {
                //计算玩家在空棋格上的获胜分数
                if(ptab[m][i] && win[0][i]!=5)
                {
                        switch(win[0][i])
                        {
                        case 0:
                            grades[0][m]+=1;
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            grades[0][m]+=2000;
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            grades[0][m]+=10000;
                            break;
                        }
                }

                //计算计算机在空格上的获胜分数
                if(ctab[m][i] && win[1][i]!=5)
                {
                    switch(win[1][i])
                    {
                        case 0:
                            grades[1][m]+=1;
                            break;
                        case 1:
                            grades[1][m]+=2001;
                            break;
                        case 2:
                            grades[1][m]+=10001;
                            break;
                    }
                }
            }

            if(max==0)u=m;
            
            if(grades[0][m]>max){
                max=grades[0][m];
                u=m;    
            }
            else if(grades[0][m]==max){
                if(grades[1][m]>grades[1][u])u=m;
            }

            if(grades[1][m]>max){
                max=grades[1][m];
                u=m;    
            }
            else if(grades[1][m]==max){
                if(grades[0][m]>grades[0][u])u=m;
            }
            }
        }

        //标记已下并改变下一个点击状态
        m_nGameGrid[u]=OH;
        m_nNextChar = EX;

        //画上图
        DrawO(pDC,u);
        
        //后续改变胜利表和各人、机各胜利组合的棋子数
        for(i=0;i<8;i++){
            if(ctab[u][i]){
                win[1][i]++;
                ptab[u][i]=false;
                win[0][i]=5;
            }
        }
}

//响应胜利结束的函数
bool CMainWindow::CheckForGameOver ()
{
    int nWinner;

    //通过调用IsWinner ()函数获取谁获胜；并用MessageBox输出胜利消息；响应OK后重开一局
    //==Message(CString,_T(标题),类型)
    if (nWinner = IsWinner ()) {
        CString string = (nWinner == EX) ?
            _T ("X wins!") : _T ("O wins!");
        MessageBox (string, _T ("Game Over"), MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
        ResetGame ();
        return 1;
    }

    //通过IsDraw ()函数判断是否平局
    else if (IsDraw ()) {
        MessageBox (_T ("It's a draw!"), _T ("Game Over"),
            MB_ICONEXCLAMATION | MB_OK);
        ResetGame ();
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

//判断输赢EX左胜；OH右胜；0没有胜
int CMainWindow::IsWinner ()
{
    //用静态数组存储获胜组合
    static int nPattern[8][3] = {
        0, 1, 2,
        3, 4, 5,
        6, 7, 8,
        0, 3, 6,
        1, 4, 7,
        2, 5, 8,
        0, 4, 8,
        2, 4, 6
    };

    for (int i=0; i<8; i++) {
        if ((m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][0]] == EX) &&
            (m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][1]] == EX) &&
            (m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][2]] == EX))
            return EX;

        if ((m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][0]] == OH) &&
            (m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][1]] == OH) &&
            (m_nGameGrid[nPattern[i][2]] == OH))
            return OH;
    }
    return 0;
}

//判断是否平局函数
BOOL CMainWindow::IsDraw ()
{
    for (int i=0; i<9; i++) {
        if (m_nGameGrid[i] == 0)
            return FALSE;
    }
    return TRUE;
}

//初始化游戏
void CMainWindow::InitGame()
{

    int i,k;
    int count=0;

    //设定玩家与计算机在各个获胜组合中的棋子数
    for(i=0;i<8;i++)
    {
        win[0][i]=0;
        win[1][i]=0;
    }

    //初始化棋盘状态
    ::ZeroMemory (m_nGameGrid,9*sizeof(int));
    memset(ctab,0,sizeof(ctab));
    memset(ptab,0,sizeof(ptab));
    //设定水平方向的获胜组合
    for(i=0;i<=6;i+=3)
    {
        for(k=0;k<3;k++)//3个棋子1个获胜组合
        {
            ptab[i+k][count]=true;
            ctab[i+k][count]=true;
        }
        count++;
    }

    //设定垂直方向的获胜组合
    for(k=0;k<3;k++)
    {
        for(i=0;i<=6;i+=3)//3个棋子1个获胜组合
        {
            ptab[i+k][count]=true;
            ctab[i+k][count]=true;
        }
        count++;
    }


    //设定对角线方向上的获胜组合
    for(i=2;i<=6;i+=2){
        ptab[i][count]=true;
        ctab[i][count]=true;
    }count++;
    for(i=0;i<=8;i+=4){
        ptab[i][count]=true;
        ctab[i][count]=true;
    }

    
    srand(unsigned(time(NULL)));

    m_nNextChar = EX;//玩家先走
}
//重新开始初始化
void CMainWindow::ResetGame ()
{
    InitGame();
    Invalidate ();   //使控件的整个图面无效并导致重绘控件
}

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