我行过许多地方的桥,看过许多次数的云,喝过许多种类的酒,却始终没见过最适合初学者的HelloWorld。
项目截图(jar包自行添加)
1、前端控制器的配置(在web.xml中配置)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<!-- 配置前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<!-- 拦截请求 -->
<!-- 拦截固定后缀的请求,可以为*.do,*.action等
拦截所有,设置为/
拦截所有时不能设置为/* 因为请求到Action,当action转到jsp时再次被拦截 -->
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
2、DispatcherServlet默认会注册HandlerMapping和HandlerAdapter
3、在Spring配置文件中配置ViewResolver,Spring配置文件在没有配置<servlet>
的<init-param>
属性时,默认为/WEB-INF目录下的[servlet-name]-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<!-- InternalResourceViewResolver:支持JSP视图解析
viewClass:JstlView表示JSP模板页面需要使用JSTL标签库,classpath中必须包含jstl的相关jar包
prefix 和suffix:查找视图页面的前缀和后缀
最终视图的址为:前缀+逻辑视图名+后缀
逻辑视图名需要在controller中返回ModelAndView指定
假如逻辑视图名为hello,则最终返回的jsp视图地址为"WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp" -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
4、开发处理器/页面控制器(实现Controller接口)
package com.zj.springmvc;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
public class HelloWorld implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
mv.addObject("message", "hello world!"); // 类似request.setAttribute("","")
mv.setViewName("hello"); // 类似request.getRequestDispatcher("url").forward(request, response);
return mv;
}
}
5、将其添加到Spring配置文件(上文中的springmvc-servlet.xml)中,让其接受SpringIOC容器管理
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<!-- InternalResourceViewResolver:支持JSP视图解析
viewClass:JstlView表示JSP模板页面需要使用JSTL标签库,classpath中必须包含jstl的相关jar包
prefix 和suffix:查找视图页面的前缀和后缀
最终视图的址为:前缀+逻辑视图名+后缀
逻辑视图名需要在controller中返回ModelAndView指定
假如逻辑视图名为hello,则最终返回的jsp视图地址为"WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp" -->
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass"
value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<bean name="/hello.do" class="com.zj.springmvc.HelloWorld" />
</beans>
6、开发视图页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>${message }
</body>
</html>