• Java操作excel_导出与读取(导入)


    我自己的jar包下载

    一、介绍
      常常有客户这样子要求:你要把我们的报表直接用Excel打开(电信系统、银行系统)。或者是:我们已经习惯用Excel打印。这样在我们实际的开发中,很多时候需要实现导入、导出Excel的应用。
      目前,比较常用的实现Java导入、导出Excel的技术有:Jakarta POI、freemarker和Java Excel
      下面我就分别讲解一下如何使用这些技术实现导入、导出Excel
    二、使用Jakarta POI导出Excel
      Jakarta POI 是一套用于访问微软格式文档的Java API。Jakarta POI有很多组件组成,其中有用于操作Excel格式文件的HSSF和用于操作Word的HWPF,
      在各种组件中目前只有用于操作Excel的HSSF相对成熟。官方主页http://poi.apache.org/index.html,API文档http://poi.apache.org/apidocs/index.html
     1.环境配置

      下载jar
        官方下载:http://poi.apache.org/download.html这里可以下载到它的最新版本和文档,目前最新版本是3.7,这里使用比较稳定的3.6版。
      加入jar包
        将根目录下的poi-3.6-20091214.jar和Lib目录下三个通用包 commons-logging-1.1.jar junit-3.8.1.jar log4j-1.2.13.jar拷贝到项目的Lib下
     2.Jakarta POI HSSF API组件

      HSSF(用于操作Excel的组件)提供给用户使用的对象在rg.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel包中,主要部分包括Excel对象,样式和格式,还有辅助操作。有以下几种对象:
      常用组件:
        HSSFWorkbook excel的文档对象
        HSSFSheet excel的表单
        HSSFRow excel的行
        HSSFCell excel的格子单元
        HSSFFont excel字体
        HSSFDataFormat 日期格式
        HSSFHeader sheet头
        HSSFFooter sheet尾(只有打印的时候才能看到效果)
      样式:
        HSSFCellStyle cell样式
      辅助操作包括:
        HSSFDateUtil 日期
        HSSFPrintSetup 打印
        HSSFErrorConstants 错误信息表
     3. 基本操作步骤

      首先,理解一下一个Excel的文件的组织形式,一个Excel文件对应于一个workbook(HSSFWorkbook),一个workbook可以有多个sheet(HSSFSheet)组成,一个sheet是由多个row(HSSFRow)组成,一个row是由多个cell(HSSFCell)组成。
      基本操作步骤:
        a、用HSSFWorkbook打开或者创建“Excel文件对象”
        b、用HSSFWorkbook对象返回或者创建Sheet对象
        c、用Sheet对象返回行对象,用行对象得到Cell对象
        d、对Cell对象读写。

     4.我自己写的测试用例

      

    import java.io.FileOutputStream;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.Region;
    
    public class POIExportExcel {
        public HSSFWorkbook generateExcel1(List list, HSSFWorkbook wb, String title) {
            //行的数量
            int rows = 0;
            HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("Sheet1");
            // 数据格样式
            HSSFCellStyle dataCellStyle = createDataCellStyle(wb);
            // 小标题样式
            HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = createCellStyle(wb);
            sheet.setDefaultRowHeight((short) 400);//设置所有行高为400
            //设置列宽
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 1, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 2, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 3, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 4, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 5, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 6, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 7, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 8, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 9, (short) 2800);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 10, (short) 3200);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 11, (short) 3200);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 12, (short) 3200);
            sheet.setColumnWidth((short) 13, (short) 3200);
            //标题行
            HSSFRow row1 = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
            row1.setHeight((short) 500);
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(0, (short) 0, 0, (short) 13));//横跨1-14列
            createCell(row1, (short) 0, cellStyle, title);
            //表头行(1,2列合并;3,4,5,6,7列合并;8,9列合并)
            HSSFRow row2 = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 0, 1, (short) 1));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 2, 1, (short) 6));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 7, 1, (short) 8));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 9, 1, (short) 9));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 10, 1, (short) 10));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 11, 1, (short) 11));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 12, 1, (short) 12));
            sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(1, (short) 13, 1, (short) 13));
            createCell(row2, (short) 0, dataCellStyle, "name1");
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 1, dataCellStyle);
            createCell(row2, (short) 2, dataCellStyle, "name2");
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 3, dataCellStyle);
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 4, dataCellStyle);
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 5, dataCellStyle);
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 6, dataCellStyle);
            createCell(row2, (short) 7, dataCellStyle, "name3");
            createNullCell(row2, (short) 8, dataCellStyle);
            createCell(row2, (short) 9, dataCellStyle, "name4");
            createCell(row2, (short) 10, dataCellStyle, "name5");
            createCell(row2, (short) 11, dataCellStyle, "name6");
            createCell(row2, (short) 12, dataCellStyle, "name7");
            createCell(row2, (short) 13, dataCellStyle, "name8");
            //遍历集合,保存数据到单元格
            for(int i=0;i<list.size();i++){
                Object javaBean = list.get(i);
                //具体的数据值通过对象去获取,这里简单给值
                String variable1 = "value1"+"_"+i;
                String variable2 = "value2"+"_"+i;
                String variable3 = "value3"+"_"+i;
                String variable4 = "value4"+"_"+i;
                String variable5 = "value5"+"_"+i;
                String variable6 = "value6"+"_"+i;
                String variable7 = "value7"+"_"+i;
                String variable8 = "value8"+"_"+i;
                
                HSSFRow rowi = sheet.createRow((short) (rows++));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 0, i+2, (short) 1));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 2, i+2, (short) 6));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 7, i+2, (short) 8));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 9, i+2, (short) 9));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 10, i+2, (short) 10));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 11, i+2, (short) 11));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 12, i+2, (short) 12));
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new Region(i+2, (short) 13, i+2, (short) 13));
                createCell(rowi, (short) 0, dataCellStyle, variable1);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 1, dataCellStyle);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 2, dataCellStyle, variable2);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 3, dataCellStyle);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 4, dataCellStyle);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 5, dataCellStyle);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 6, dataCellStyle);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 7, dataCellStyle, variable3);
                createNullCell(rowi, (short) 8, dataCellStyle);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 9, dataCellStyle, variable4);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 10, dataCellStyle, variable5);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 11, dataCellStyle, variable6);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 12, dataCellStyle, variable7);
                createCell(rowi, (short) 13, dataCellStyle, variable8);
            }
    
            return wb;
        }
        /**
         * 创建单元格
         * @param row
         * @param id
         * @param style
         * @param value
         */
        private void createCell(HSSFRow row, short id, HSSFCellStyle style,
                String value) {
            HSSFCell cell = row.createCell((short) id);
            // cell.setEncoding(HSSFCell.ENCODING_UTF_16);
            cell.setCellValue(value);
            cell.setCellStyle(style);
        }
        /**
         * 创建空的单元格
         */
        private HSSFCell createNullCell(HSSFRow row, short id, HSSFCellStyle style) {
            HSSFCell null1Cell = row.createCell(id);
            null1Cell.setCellStyle(style);
            return null1Cell;
        }
        /**
         * 设置数据单元格样式
         * @param wb
         * @return
         */
        private HSSFCellStyle createDataCellStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb) {
            HSSFCellStyle dataCellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
            // 水平居中
            dataCellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_LEFT);
            dataCellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            dataCellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            dataCellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            dataCellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            return dataCellStyle;
        }
        /**
         * 设置单元格样式
         * @param wb
         * @return
         */
        private HSSFCellStyle createCellStyle(HSSFWorkbook wb) {
            // 小标题样式
            HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = wb.createCellStyle();
            // 水平居中
            cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
            // 字体
            HSSFFont littleFont = wb.createFont();
            // 设置字体为粗体
            littleFont.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
            // 然后将字体关联到样式
            cellStyle.setFont(littleFont);
            cellStyle.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            cellStyle.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            cellStyle.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            cellStyle.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
            cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
            return cellStyle;
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args){
            /*String serverPath = request.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+"exportExcel";   
            //在服务器端创建文件夹   
            File file = new File(serverPath+path);   
            if(!file.exists()){   
                file.mkdir();   
            } 
            SimpleDateFormat sfm = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");   
            String filename = "excel" + "_" + sfm.format(new java.util.Date());   
            String encodedfileName = new String(filename.getBytes(), "GBK");   
            FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(serverPath+path+"/"+encodedfileName+".xls");  */ 
            new POIExportExcel();
            String title = "POI导出excel";
            List list = new ArrayList<String>();
            //加入两条做个测试
            list.add(new String());
            list.add(new String());
            try {
                FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("D:/"+title+".xls");
                HSSFWorkbook wb =new HSSFWorkbook();
                wb = new POIExportExcel().generateExcel1(list,wb,title);
                wb.write(out);
                /*List srcfile=new ArrayList(); 
                srcfile.add(new File(serverPath+path+"/"+encodedfileName+".xls"));   
                //将服务器上存放Excel的文件夹打成zip包   
                File zipfile = new File(serverPath+path+".zip");   
                ZipUtil.zipFiles(srcfile, zipfile);   
                //弹出下载框供用户下载   
                this.downFile(response,serverPath, path+".zip");*/
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
    View Code

      结果如下图:

      

    三、使用Jakarta POI读取(导入)Excel

      依赖dom4j.jar和xmlbeans.jar

        没有的话会抛出:Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/apache/xmlbeans/XmlObject

      

    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileInputStream;
    import java.sql.Date;
    import java.text.DecimalFormat;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
    import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
    import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.RichTextString;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
    import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
    import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
    
    public class MyExcelReader {
        /**
         * 分析获取上传的excel文件中的数据信息。 仅对Excel文件的第一张表进行分析,分析过程中如果遇到空行就结束。
         * @param file
         *            excel
         * @return excel中对应的数据以二维数组形式返回
         * @throws Exception
         */
        private String[][] readExcel(File file) {
            String[][] data = null;
            Workbook wb = null;
            try {
                // 解析excel2003
                if (file.getName().endsWith(".xls")) {
                    POIFSFileSystem fs = new POIFSFileSystem(new FileInputStream(
                            file.getPath()));
                    // excel数据对象
                    wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
                }
                // 解析excel2007及以上
                if (file.getName().endsWith(".xlsx")) {
                    wb = new XSSFWorkbook(new FileInputStream(file.getPath()));
                }
                // excel中对应的表单
                Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
                // excel中的有效列数
                int colNum = getValidColNum(sheet);
                // 只有excel的有效列数大于零才对数据进行分析
                if (colNum > 0) {
                    // 从Excel中获取到的有效数据
                    data = getExcelData(sheet, colNum);
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return data;
        }
    
        /**
         * 得到表单的有效列数. 获取表单第一行开始位置连续非空单元格的个数
         * 
         * @param sheet
         *            Excel的表单
         * @return 列数
         * @throws Exception
         */
        private int getValidColNum(Sheet sheet) throws Exception {
            // 判断文件是否为空文件
            if (sheet.getRow(0) == null) {
                System.out.println("文件为空");
                throw new Exception("error.importExcel.blankExcelFile");
            }
            // 表单总列数
            int colNum = sheet.getRow(0).getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
            Row row = sheet.getRow(0);
            // 如果表单第一行即表头位置出现空单元格,该单元格后面的信息不在导入
            for (int i = 0; i < colNum; i++) {
                if (row.getCell((short) i) != null) {
                    Cell cell = row.getCell((short) i);
                    String value = this.getCellValue(cell);
                    if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value)) {
                        colNum = i;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                // 如果列表头信息为空,不读取后面的数据
                else {
                    colNum = i;
                }
            }
            return colNum;
        }
    
        /**
         * 读取Excel数据. 读取过程中,遇到空行自动停止,舍弃空行后面的数据。 可根据数组信息获取Excel的有效行数
         * 
         * @param sheet
         *            表单对象
         * @param colNum
         *            有效列数
         * @return 数据二维数组
         */
        private String[][] getExcelData(Sheet sheet, int colNum) {
            int tempRowNum = sheet.getPhysicalNumberOfRows();
            // 存储从Excel表中读取的数据信息
            List<List<String>> dataList = new ArrayList<List<String>>();
            // 读取Excel数据,将其存储在可变长的List容器中,同时得到Excel文件的有效数据行数
            int rowNum = 0;
            for (; rowNum < tempRowNum && sheet.getRow(rowNum) != null; rowNum++) {
                List<String> rowData = new ArrayList<String>();
                // 对行信息进行累加,判断该行是否为空行
                String rowValue = "";
                for (int j = 0; j < colNum; j++) {
                    if (sheet.getRow(rowNum).getCell((short) j) != null) {
                        Cell cell = sheet.getRow(rowNum).getCell((short) j);
                        String value = getCellValue(cell);
                        rowData.add(value);
                        rowValue += value;
                    } else {
                        rowData.add(null);
                    }
                }
                // 读取信息时如遇到空行,结束读入
                if (rowValue.length() == 0) {
                    break;
                } else {
                    dataList.add(rowData);
                }
            }
            // 将Excel数据转存到数组对象中
            String[][] data = new String[rowNum][colNum];
            for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++) {
                for (int j = 0; j < dataList.get(i).size(); j++) {
                    data[i][j] = dataList.get(i).get(j);
                }
            }
            return data;
        }
    
        /**
         * 得到Excel单元格的数据内容
         * 
         * @param cell
         *            Excel单元格对象
         * @return 单元格的内容
         */
        public String getCellValue(Cell cell) {
            // excel的日期格式和java的有很大区别
            if (cell.getCellType() == Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC
                    && DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
                return new Date(cell.getDateCellValue().getTime()).toString();
            } else if (cell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
                double value = cell.getNumericCellValue();
                return new DecimalFormat("###.####").format(value);
            } else {
                String result = "";
                try {
                    RichTextString textString = cell.getRichStringCellValue();
                    if (textString != null) {
                        result = textString.getString().trim();
                        result = this.subStr(result);
                        if (result.length() > 0) {
                            char firstChar = result.charAt(0);
                            // 如果信息不是以英文字符或数字开始,替换掉信息中的所有中英文空格,以英文或数字开始的信息不处理
                            if (!(firstChar >= 'a' && firstChar <= 'z'
                                    || firstChar >= 'A' && firstChar <= 'Z' || firstChar >= '0'
                                    && firstChar <= '9')) {
                                result = result.replaceAll(" ", "").replaceAll(" ",
                                        "");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return result;
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 截取字符串中的内码
         * 
         * @param str
         * @return
         */
        public String subStr(String str) {
            for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
                // 韩文等乱码,均以&#开头以;结束的字符
                if (str.indexOf("&#") >= 0
                        && str.indexOf(";", str.indexOf("&#")) > 0) {
                    String s2 = str.substring(str.indexOf("&#"), str.indexOf(";",
                            str.indexOf("&#")) + 1);
                    s2 = this.cov(s2);
                    str = str.substring(0, str.indexOf("&#"))
                            + s2
                            + str.substring(
                                    str.indexOf(";", str.indexOf("&#")) + 1, str
                                            .length());
                }
            }
            return str;
        }
    
        /**
         * 转化编码,韩文等乱码
         * 
         * @param string
         * @return
         */
        public String cov(String string) {
            String str = string.replaceAll("&#", ",").replaceAll(";", "");
            String[] s2 = str.split(",");
            String s1 = "";
            for (int i = 1; i < s2.length; i++) {
                int a = Integer.parseInt(s2[i], 10);
                s1 = s1 + (char) a;
            }
            return s1;
        }
        /**
         * 测试
         * @param args
         */
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            File file = new File("D:/test.xlsx");
            // 保存Excel文件到服务器
            String[][] dataArray = new MyExcelReader().readExcel(file);
            // System.out.println("标题:"+dataArray[0].toString());
            for (int i = 0; i < dataArray.length; i++) {
                String[] rowData = dataArray[i];
                for (int j = 0; j < rowData.length; j++) {
                    System.out.println("第" + (i + 1) + "行第" + (j + 1) + "列:"
                            + dataArray[i][j]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    View Code

    三、使用freemarker导出excel

    貌似是只支持office2007之后的版本,wps也会出问题。

    先放两个链接供参考:

      http://blog.csdn.net/zgf19930504/article/details/50804122

      https://my.oschina.net/u/1765449/blog/272334

    四、第三方插件Java Excel(jxl)操作excel

    http://blog.csdn.net/jerehedu/article/details/45195359 

    参考文章:

      http://blog.csdn.net/jerehedu/article/details/45195359

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaoyhBlog/p/6255998.html
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