template模板
模板是一个文本文件,可以做为生成文件的模版,并且模板文件中还可嵌套jinja语法。
jinja2语言
官方网站:
数据类型
jinja2 语言支持多种数据类型和操作:
- 字符串:使用单引号或双引号,
- 数字:整数,浮点数
- 列表:[item1, item2, ...]
- 元组:(item1, item2, ...)
- 字典:{key1:value1, key2:value2, ...}
- 布尔型:true/false
- 算术运算:+, -, *, /, //, %, **
- 比较操作:==, !=, >, >=, <, <=
- 逻辑运算:and,or,not
- 流表达式:For,If,When
template
template功能:可以根据和参考模块文件,动态生成相类似的配置文件,template文件必须存放于templates目录下,且命名为 .j2 结尾,yaml/yml 文件需和templates目录平级,目录结构如下示例:
./
├── temnginx.yml
└── templates
└── nginx.conf.j2Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
范例:利用template 同步nginx配置文件
#准备templates/nginx.conf.j2文件
[root@ansible ~]#vim temnginx.yml
---
- hosts: web
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: template config to remote hosts
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[root@ansible ~]#ansible-playbook temnginx.ymlCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
template变更替换
#修改文件nginx.conf.j2
[root@ansible ~]#mkdir templates
[root@ansible ~]#vim templates/nginx.conf.j2
......
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
......
[root@ansible ~]#vim temnginx2.yml
---
- hosts: web
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install nginx
yum: name=nginx
- name: template config to remote hosts
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
- name: start service
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
[root@ansible ~]#ansible-playbook temnginx2.ymlCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
常用的系统参数
ansible_all_ipv4_addresses:仅显示ipv4的信息
ansible_devices:仅显示磁盘设备信息
ansible_distribution:显示是什么系统,例:centos,suse等
ansible_distribution_version:仅显示系统版本
ansible_distribution_major_version:显示系统版本号(7)
ansible_machine:显示系统类型,例:32位,还是64位
ansible_eth0:仅显示eth0的信息
ansible_hostname:仅显示主机名
ansible_kernel:仅显示内核版本
ansible_lvm:显示lvm相关信息
ansible_memtotal_mb:显示系统总内存
ansible_memfree_mb:显示可用系统内存
ansible_memory_mb:详细显示内存情况
ansible_swaptotal_mb:显示总的swap内存
ansible_swapfree_mb:显示swap内存的可用内存
ansible_mounts:显示系统磁盘挂载情况
ansible_processor:显示cpu个数(具体显示每个cpu的型号)
ansible_processor_vcpus:显示cpu个数(只显示总的个数)
ansible_python_version:显示python版本
template算术运算
[root@ansible ansible]#vim templates/nginx.conf.j2
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus**3 }};
[root@ansible ansible]#cat templnginx.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: install nginx
yum: name=nginx
- name: template config to remote hosts
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify: restart nginx
- name: start service
service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes
handlers:
- name: restart nginx
service: name=nginx state=restarted
[root@ansible ~]#-playbook templnginx.yml --limit 10.0.0.8Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
template中使用流程控制for和if
template中也可以使用流程控制 for 循环和 if 条件判断,实现动态生成文件功能
#temlnginx2.yml
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx_vhosts:
- 81
- 82
- 83
tasks:
- name: template config
template: src=nginx.conf2.j2 dest=/data/nginx.conf
#templates/nginx.conf2.j2
{% for vhost in nginx_vhosts %}
server {
listen {{ vhost }}
}
{% endfor %}
ansible-playbook -C templnginx2.yml --limit 192.168.15.8
#生成的结果:
server {
listen 81
}
server {
listen 82
}
server {
listen 83
}
#templnginx4.yml
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
vars:
nginx_vhosts:
- listen: 8080
server_name: "web1.oldboy.com"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web1/"
- listen: 8081
server_name: "web2.oldboy.com"
root: "/var/www/nginx/web2/"
- {listen: 8082, server_name: "web3.oldboy.com", root:
"/var/www/nginx/web3/"}
tasks:
- name: template config
template: src=nginx.conf4.j2 dest=/data/nginx4.conf
# templates/nginx.conf4.j2
{% for vhost in nginx_vhosts %}
server {
listen {{ vhost.listen }}
server_name {{ vhost.server_name }}
root {{ vhost.root }}
}{% endfor %}
[root@ansible ~]#ansible-playbook templnginx4.yml --limit 10.0.0.8
#生成结果:
server {
listen 8080
server_name web1.oldboy.com
root /var/www/nginx/web1/
}
server {
listen 8081
server_name web2.oldboy.com
root /var/www/nginx/web2/
}
server {
listen 8082
server_name web3.oldboy.com
root /var/www/nginx/web3/
}Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
playbook使用when
when语句,可以实现条件测试。如果需要根据变量、facts或此前任务的执行结果来做为某task执行与否的前提时要用到条件测试,通过在task后添加when子句即可使用条件测试,jinja2的语法格式。
tasks:
- name: "shut down CentOS 6 and Debian 7 systems"
command: /sbin/shutdown -t now
when: (ansible_facts['distribution'] == "CentOS" and ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "6") or (ansible_facts['distribution'] == "Debian" and ansible_facts['distribution_major_version'] == "7")Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
playbook使用迭代with_items(loop)
迭代:当有需要重复性执行的任务时,可以使用迭代机制对迭代项的引用,固定内置变量名为"item",要在task中使用with_items给定要迭代的元素列表
注意: ansible2.5版本后,可以用loop代替with_items
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2
- testuser3
#上面语句的功能等同于下面的语句
- name: add several users
user: name=testuser1 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add several users
user: name=testuser2 state=present groups=wheel
- name: add several users
user: name=testuser3 state=present groups=wheel
---
#remove mariadb server
- hosts: 172.16.1.7
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: stop service
shell: /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
- name: delete files and dir
file: path={{item}} state=absent
with_items:
- /usr/local/mysql
- /usr/local/mariadb-10.2.27-linux-x86_64
- /etc/init.d/mysqld
- /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
- /etc/my.cnf
- /data/mysql
- name: delete user
user: name=mysql state=absent remove=yesCopy to clipboardErrorCopied
迭代嵌套子变量:在迭代中,还可以嵌套子变量,关联多个变量在一起使用
---
- hosts: websrvs
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: add some groups
group: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- nginx
- mysql
- apache
- name: add some users
user: name={{ item.name }} group={{ item.group }} state=present
with_items:
- { name: 'nginx', group: 'nginx' }
- { name: 'mysql', group: 'mysql' }
- { name: 'apache', group: 'apache' }Copy to clipboardErrorCopied
管理节点过多导致的超时问题解决方法
默认情况下,Ansible将尝试并行管理playbook中所有的机器。对于滚动更新用例,可以使用serial关键字定义Ansible一次应管理多少主机,还可以将serial关键字指定为百分比,表示每次并行执行的主机数占总数的比例
#vim test_serial.yml
---
- hosts: all
serial: 2 #每次只同时处理2个主机,将所有task执行完成后,再选下2个主机再执行所有task,直至所有主机
gather_facts: False
tasks:
- name: task one
comand: hostname
- name: task two
command: hostname
# 案例2:
- name: test serail
hosts: all
serial: "20%" #每次只同时处理20%的主机