开发堡垒机之前，先来学习Python的paramiko模块，该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接：
1 import paramiko 2 3 # 创建SSH对象 4 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 5 # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 6 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 7 # 连接服务器 8 ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', password='123') 9 10 # 执行命令 11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 12 # 获取命令结果 13 result = stdout.read() 14 15 # 关闭连接 16 ssh.close()
1 import paramiko 2 3 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 4 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123') 5 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 7 ssh._transport = transport 8 9 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 10 print stdout.read() 11 12 transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接：
1 import paramiko 2 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa') 4 5 # 创建SSH对象 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 7 # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 8 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) 9 # 连接服务器 10 ssh.connect(hostname='c1.salt.com', port=22, username='wupeiqi', key=private_key) 11 12 # 执行命令 13 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 14 # 获取命令结果 15 result = stdout.read() 16 17 # 关闭连接 18 ssh.close()
1 import paramiko 2 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa') 4 5 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 6 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) 7 8 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 9 ssh._transport = transport 10 11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 12 13 transport.close()
1 import paramiko 2 from io import StringIO 3 4 key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 5 MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 6 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans 7 H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 8 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC 9 tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP 10 c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A 11 ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ 12 c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh 13 IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 14 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz 15 zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 16 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC 17 OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl 18 HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq 19 UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 20 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 21 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM 22 WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH 23 C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 24 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 25 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ 26 pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 27 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw 28 DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI 29 +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= 30 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" 31 32 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) 33 transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22)) 34 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) 35 36 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 37 ssh._transport = transport 38 39 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 40 result = stdout.read() 41 42 transport.close() 43 44 print(result)
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
1 import paramiko 2 3 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname',22)) 4 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi',password='123') 5 6 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) 7 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py 8 sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py') 9 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path 10 sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') 11 12 transport.close()
基于公钥密钥上传下载
1 import paramiko 2 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa') 4 5 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 6 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key ) 7 8 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport) 9 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py 10 sftp.put('/tmp/location.py', '/tmp/test.py') 11 # 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path 12 sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path') 13 14 transport.close()
#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko import uuid class Haproxy(object): def __init__(self): self.host = '172.16.103.191' self.port = 22 self.username = 'wupeiqi' self.pwd = '123' self.__k = None def create_file(self): file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) with open(file_name,'w') as f: f.write('sb') return file_name def run(self): self.connect() self.upload() self.rename() self.close() def connect(self): transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self): # 连接，上传 file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') def rename(self): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() ssh._transport = self.__transport # 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py') # 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read() ha = Haproxy() ha.run()
堡垒机的实现
实现思路：
堡垒机执行流程：
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号（将公钥放置服务器，或者使用用户名密码）
- 用户登陆堡垒机，输入堡垒机用户名密码，现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器，并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注：配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本，如：/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一，实现用户登陆
1 import getpass 2 3 user = raw_input('username:') 4 pwd = getpass.getpass('password') 5 if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123': 6 print ('登陆成功') 7 else: 8 print '(登陆失败')
步骤二，根据用户获取相关服务器列表
1 dic = { 2 'alex': [ 3 '172.16.103.189', 4 'c10.puppet.com', 5 'c11.puppet.com', 6 ], 7 'eric': [ 8 'c100.puppet.com', 9 ] 10 } 11 12 host_list = dic['alex'] 13 14 print 'please select:' 15 for index, item in enumerate(host_list, 1): 16 print index, item 17 18 inp = raw_input('your select (No):') 19 inp = int(inp) 20 hostname = host_list[inp-1] 21 port = 22
步骤三，根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
1 tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,)) 2 tran.start_client() 3 default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa') 4 key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path) 5 tran.auth_publickey('wupeiqi', key) 6 7 # 打开一个通道 8 chan = tran.open_session() 9 # 获取一个终端 10 chan.get_pty() 11 # 激活器 12 chan.invoke_shell() 13 14 ######### 15 # 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作 16 # 用户在终端输入内容，并将内容发送至远程服务器 17 # 远程服务器执行命令，并将结果返回 18 # 用户终端显示内容 19 ######### 20 21 chan.close() 22 tran.close()
1 while True: 2 # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 3 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 4 # chan 是之前创建的通道，用于接收服务器返回信息 5 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) 6 if chan in readable: 7 try: 8 x = chan.recv(1024) 9 if len(x) == 0: 10 print ' *** EOF ', 11 break 12 sys.stdout.write(x) 13 sys.stdout.flush() 14 except socket.timeout: 15 pass 16 if sys.stdin in readable: 17 inp = sys.stdin.readline() 18 chan.sendall(inp)
1 # 获取原tty属性 2 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) 3 try: 4 # 为tty设置新属性 5 # 默认当前tty设备属性： 6 # 输入一行回车，执行 7 # CTRL+C 进程退出，遇到特殊字符，特殊处理。 8 9 # 这是为原始模式，不认识所有特殊符号 10 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端，如此设置，将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 11 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) 12 chan.settimeout(0.0) 13 14 while True: 15 # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据（socket） 16 # 阻塞，直到句柄可读 17 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) 18 if chan in r: 19 try: 20 x = chan.recv(1024) 21 if len(x) == 0: 22 print ' *** EOF ', 23 break 24 sys.stdout.write(x) 25 sys.stdout.flush() 26 except socket.timeout: 27 pass 28 if sys.stdin in r: 29 x = sys.stdin.read(1) 30 if len(x) == 0: 31 break 32 chan.send(x) 33 34 finally: 35 # 重新设置终端属性 36 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
1 def windows_shell(chan): 2 import threading 3 4 sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF. ") 5 6 def writeall(sock): 7 while True: 8 data = sock.recv(256) 9 if not data: 10 sys.stdout.write(' *** EOF *** ') 11 sys.stdout.flush() 12 break 13 sys.stdout.write(data) 14 sys.stdout.flush() 15 16 writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) 17 writer.start() 18 19 try: 20 while True: 21 d = sys.stdin.read(1) 22 if not d: 23 break 24 chan.send(d) 25 except EOFError: 26 # user hit ^Z or F6 27 pass
注：密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见：paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
1 linux： 2 yum install MySQL-python 3 4 window： 5 http://files.cnblogs.com/files/wupeiqi/py-mysql-win.zip
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
1 show databases; 2 use [databasename]; 3 create database [name];
2、数据表操作
1 show tables; 2 3 create table students 4 ( 5 id int not null auto_increment primary key, 6 name char(8) not null, 7 sex char(4) not null, 8 age tinyint unsigned not null, 9 tel char(13) null default "-" 10 );
1 CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( 2 `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 3 `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 4 `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', 5 `content` text NOT NULL, 6 PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 7 UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) 8 ) ;
3、数据操作
1 insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values('alex','man',18,'151515151') 2 3 delete from students where id =2; 4 5 update students set name = 'sb' where id =1; 6 7 select * from students
4、其他
1 主键 2 外键 3 左右连接
Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
1 import MySQLdb 2 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 4 5 cur = conn.cursor() 6 7 reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',('alex','usa')) 8 # reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'}) 9 10 conn.commit() 11 12 cur.close() 13 conn.close() 14 15 print reCount
1 import MySQLdb 2 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 4 5 cur = conn.cursor() 6 7 li =[ 8 ('alex','usa'), 9 ('sb','usa'), 10 ] 11 reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li) 12 13 conn.commit() 14 cur.close() 15 conn.close() 16 17 print reCount
注意：cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
1 import MySQLdb 2 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 4 5 cur = conn.cursor() 6 7 reCount = cur.execute('delete from UserInfo') 8 9 conn.commit() 10 11 cur.close() 12 conn.close() 13 14 print reCount
三、修改数据
1 import MySQLdb 2 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 4 5 cur = conn.cursor() 6 7 reCount = cur.execute('update UserInfo set Name = %s',('alin',)) 8 9 conn.commit() 10 cur.close() 11 conn.close() 12 13 print reCount
四、查数据
1 # ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ############################## 2 3 import MySQLdb 4 5 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 6 cur = conn.cursor() 7 8 reCount = cur.execute('select * from UserInfo') 9 10 print cur.fetchone() 11 print cur.fetchone() 12 cur.scroll(-1,mode='relative') 13 print cur.fetchone() 14 print cur.fetchone() 15 cur.scroll(0,mode='absolute') 16 print cur.fetchone() 17 print cur.fetchone() 18 19 cur.close() 20 conn.close() 21 22 print reCount 23 24 25 26 # ############################## fetchall ############################## 27 28 import MySQLdb 29 30 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 31 #cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) 32 cur = conn.cursor() 33 34 reCount = cur.execute('select Name,Address from UserInfo') 35 36 nRet = cur.fetchall() 37 38 cur.close() 39 conn.close() 40 41 print reCount 42 print nRet 43 for i in nRet: 44 print i[0],i[1]