• Spring中的设计模式


    设计模式分为创建型、行为型和结构型

    设计模式的6大原则:

      1、开闭原则:对扩展开放,对修改关闭

      2、里氏替换:任何父类出现的地方,子类都可以替换。子类不要重写和重载父类的方法

      3、接口隔离:接口最小化,实现的接口不应包含不需要的方法

      4、依赖倒置:细节依赖抽象,抽象不应该依赖细节;依赖接口而不依赖具体的类

      5、迪米特原则:减少类之间的耦合,调用依赖类封装好的方法,不对其进行修改

      6、单一职责:一个类只负责一项职责

      7、合成复用:多用组合,少用继承

    1、建造者(Builder)模式

      建造者模式:又叫生成器模式。建造者模式可以将一个产品的内部表象与产品的生成过程分割开来,从而可以使一个建造过程生成具有不同的内部表象的产品对象。

      如果我们用了建造者模式,那么用户就只需指定需要建造的类型就可以得到它们,而具体建造的过程和细节就不需知道了。

      角色:

      建造者:Builder--抽象建造者类,即为创建一个产品对象的各个部件指定的抽象接口。

      具体建造者:实现Builder接口,构造和装配各个组件。

      指挥者:是构建一个使用Builder接口的对象,用来根据用户的需求构建具体的对象。

    在Spring中BeanDefinitionBuilder就是使用了建造者模式。允许我们以编程的方式定义bean的类,为AbstractBeanDefinition抽象类的相关实现设置值,比如作用域,

    工厂方法,属性等。

    /*
     * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors.
     *
     * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
     * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
     * You may obtain a copy of the License at
     *
     *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
     *
     * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
     * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
     * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
     * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
     * limitations under the License.
     */
    
    package org.springframework.beans.factory.support;
    
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.RuntimeBeanReference;
    import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
    
    /**
     * Programmatic means of constructing
     * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition BeanDefinitions}
     * using the builder pattern. Intended primarily for use when implementing Spring 2.0
     * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandler NamespaceHandlers}.
     *
     * @author Rod Johnson
     * @author Rob Harrop
     * @author Juergen Hoeller
     * @since 2.0
     */
    public class BeanDefinitionBuilder {/**
         * Create a new {@code BeanDefinitionBuilder} used to construct a {@link RootBeanDefinition}.
         * @param beanClassName the class name for the bean that the definition is being created for
         * @param factoryMethodName the name of the method to use to construct the bean instance
         */
        public static BeanDefinitionBuilder rootBeanDefinition(String beanClassName, String factoryMethodName) {
            BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder();
            builder.beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition();
            builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClassName(beanClassName);
            builder.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethodName);
            return builder;
        }
    /**
         * The {@code BeanDefinition} instance we are creating.
         */
        private AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition;
    
        /**
         * Our current position with respect to constructor args.
         */
        private int constructorArgIndex;
    
    
        /**
         * Enforce the use of factory methods.
         */
        private BeanDefinitionBuilder() {
        }
    
        /**
         * Return the current BeanDefinition object in its raw (unvalidated) form.
         * @see #getBeanDefinition()
         */
        public AbstractBeanDefinition getRawBeanDefinition() {
            return this.beanDefinition;
        }
    
        /**
         * Validate and return the created BeanDefinition object.
         */
        public AbstractBeanDefinition getBeanDefinition() {
            this.beanDefinition.validate();
            return this.beanDefinition;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the name of the parent definition of this bean definition.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setParentName(String parentName) {
            this.beanDefinition.setParentName(parentName);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the name of a static factory method to use for this definition,
         * to be called on this bean's class.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setFactoryMethod(String factoryMethod) {
            this.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethod);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the name of a non-static factory method to use for this definition,
         * including the bean name of the factory instance to call the method on.
         * @since 4.3.6
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setFactoryMethodOnBean(String factoryMethod, String factoryBean) {
            this.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethod);
            this.beanDefinition.setFactoryBeanName(factoryBean);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Add an indexed constructor arg value. The current index is tracked internally
         * and all additions are at the present point.
         * @deprecated since Spring 2.5, in favor of {@link #addConstructorArgValue}.
         * This variant just remains around for Spring Security 2.x compatibility.
         */
        @Deprecated
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArg(Object value) {
            return addConstructorArgValue(value);
        }
    
        /**
         * Add an indexed constructor arg value. The current index is tracked internally
         * and all additions are at the present point.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArgValue(Object value) {
            this.beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(
                    this.constructorArgIndex++, value);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Add a reference to a named bean as a constructor arg.
         * @see #addConstructorArgValue(Object)
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArgReference(String beanName) {
            this.beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue(
                    this.constructorArgIndex++, new RuntimeBeanReference(beanName));
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Add the supplied property value under the given name.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder addPropertyValue(String name, Object value) {
            this.beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add(name, value);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Add a reference to the specified bean name under the property specified.
         * @param name the name of the property to add the reference to
         * @param beanName the name of the bean being referenced
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder addPropertyReference(String name, String beanName) {
            this.beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add(name, new RuntimeBeanReference(beanName));
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the init method for this definition.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setInitMethodName(String methodName) {
            this.beanDefinition.setInitMethodName(methodName);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the destroy method for this definition.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setDestroyMethodName(String methodName) {
            this.beanDefinition.setDestroyMethodName(methodName);
            return this;
        }
    
    
        /**
         * Set the scope of this definition.
         * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#SCOPE_SINGLETON
         * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#SCOPE_PROTOTYPE
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setScope(String scope) {
            this.beanDefinition.setScope(scope);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set whether or not this definition is abstract.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setAbstract(boolean flag) {
            this.beanDefinition.setAbstract(flag);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set whether beans for this definition should be lazily initialized or not.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setLazyInit(boolean lazy) {
            this.beanDefinition.setLazyInit(lazy);
            return this;
        }
    
        /**
         * Set the autowire mode for this definition.
         */
        public BeanDefinitionBuilder setAutowireMode(int autowireMode) {
            beanDefinition.setAutowireMode(autowireMode);
            return this;
        }
    ...
    }

    2、工厂模式(静态工厂方法)

      这种模式允许通过使用静态方法对象进行初始化,称为工厂方法。在Spring中,可以通过指定的工厂方法创建bean。

      如DefaultListableBeanFactory的

        @Override
        public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException {
            return getBean(requiredType, (Object[]) null);
        }
    
        @Override
        public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException {
            NamedBeanHolder<T> namedBean = resolveNamedBean(requiredType, args);
            if (namedBean != null) {
                return namedBean.getBeanInstance();
            }
            BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
            if (parent != null) {
                return parent.getBean(requiredType, args);
            }
            throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(requiredType);
        }

    3、抽象工厂模式

      创建工厂的工厂,提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。  如指定创建bean的工厂,将工厂bean注册到beanFactory中 

    4、单例模式

      一个类只能有一个实例。

    5、代理模式

      如AOP中的代理类就是

    6、装饰器模式(Decorator)

      也叫包装器模式(Wrapper)

      动态的添加功能,属于合成/复用原则,通过组合,实现松耦合。装饰者和被装饰者实现同一个接口

      动态的给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说,Decorator模式相比生成子类更为灵活。

      Spring中用到的包装器模式在类名上有两种表现:一种是类名中含有Wapper,另一种是类名中含有Decorator。如BeanWrapper

    7、适配器模式

      Spring内部大量使用了适配器模式,比如JpaVendorAdapter、HibernateJpaVendorAdapter、HandlerInterceptorAdapter、SpringContextResourceAdapter等

      适配器模式作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁,如读卡器是作为内存卡和笔记本之间的适配器。

      在适配器模式中,我们通过增加一个新的适配器类来解决接口不兼容的问题,使得原本没有任何关系的类可以协同工作,将两个接口解耦,不修改原有的结构,

    增加一个适配器类来使两个接口关联起来。根据适配器类与被适配器的关系不同,适配器模式可以分为对象适配器和类适配器两种,在对象适配器中,适配器与被

    适配器之间是关联关系;在类适配器中,适配器与被适配器之间是继承或者实现关系

       由于Java不允许多继承,所以适配器以对象适配器为主

      如:适配器类实现目标接口,然后组合了被适配器类,在重写的目标方法中实际调用的是被适配器类的方法即可

       Spring AOP中用到了适配器模式。

    8、观察者模式Observer:

      定义对象间的一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖它的对象都得道通知并被自动刷新。

      Spring中的Listener的实现用的就是观察者模式,如ApplicationListener

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyongjie/p/11049874.html
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