设计模式分为创建型、行为型和结构型
设计模式的6大原则:
1、开闭原则:对扩展开放,对修改关闭
2、里氏替换:任何父类出现的地方,子类都可以替换。子类不要重写和重载父类的方法
3、接口隔离:接口最小化,实现的接口不应包含不需要的方法
4、依赖倒置:细节依赖抽象,抽象不应该依赖细节;依赖接口而不依赖具体的类
5、迪米特原则:减少类之间的耦合,调用依赖类封装好的方法,不对其进行修改
6、单一职责:一个类只负责一项职责
7、合成复用:多用组合,少用继承
1、建造者(Builder)模式
建造者模式:又叫生成器模式。建造者模式可以将一个产品的内部表象与产品的生成过程分割开来,从而可以使一个建造过程生成具有不同的内部表象的产品对象。
如果我们用了建造者模式,那么用户就只需指定需要建造的类型就可以得到它们,而具体建造的过程和细节就不需知道了。
角色:
建造者:Builder--抽象建造者类,即为创建一个产品对象的各个部件指定的抽象接口。
具体建造者:实现Builder接口,构造和装配各个组件。
指挥者:是构建一个使用Builder接口的对象,用来根据用户的需求构建具体的对象。
在Spring中BeanDefinitionBuilder就是使用了建造者模式。允许我们以编程的方式定义bean的类,为AbstractBeanDefinition抽象类的相关实现设置值,比如作用域,
工厂方法,属性等。
/* * Copyright 2002-2017 the original author or authors. * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */ package org.springframework.beans.factory.support; import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.RuntimeBeanReference; import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils; /** * Programmatic means of constructing * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition BeanDefinitions} * using the builder pattern. Intended primarily for use when implementing Spring 2.0 * {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.NamespaceHandler NamespaceHandlers}. * * @author Rod Johnson * @author Rob Harrop * @author Juergen Hoeller * @since 2.0 */ public class BeanDefinitionBuilder {/** * Create a new {@code BeanDefinitionBuilder} used to construct a {@link RootBeanDefinition}. * @param beanClassName the class name for the bean that the definition is being created for * @param factoryMethodName the name of the method to use to construct the bean instance */ public static BeanDefinitionBuilder rootBeanDefinition(String beanClassName, String factoryMethodName) { BeanDefinitionBuilder builder = new BeanDefinitionBuilder(); builder.beanDefinition = new RootBeanDefinition(); builder.beanDefinition.setBeanClassName(beanClassName); builder.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethodName); return builder; } /** * The {@code BeanDefinition} instance we are creating. */ private AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition; /** * Our current position with respect to constructor args. */ private int constructorArgIndex; /** * Enforce the use of factory methods. */ private BeanDefinitionBuilder() { } /** * Return the current BeanDefinition object in its raw (unvalidated) form. * @see #getBeanDefinition() */ public AbstractBeanDefinition getRawBeanDefinition() { return this.beanDefinition; } /** * Validate and return the created BeanDefinition object. */ public AbstractBeanDefinition getBeanDefinition() { this.beanDefinition.validate(); return this.beanDefinition; } /** * Set the name of the parent definition of this bean definition. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setParentName(String parentName) { this.beanDefinition.setParentName(parentName); return this; } /** * Set the name of a static factory method to use for this definition, * to be called on this bean's class. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setFactoryMethod(String factoryMethod) { this.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethod); return this; } /** * Set the name of a non-static factory method to use for this definition, * including the bean name of the factory instance to call the method on. * @since 4.3.6 */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setFactoryMethodOnBean(String factoryMethod, String factoryBean) { this.beanDefinition.setFactoryMethodName(factoryMethod); this.beanDefinition.setFactoryBeanName(factoryBean); return this; } /** * Add an indexed constructor arg value. The current index is tracked internally * and all additions are at the present point. * @deprecated since Spring 2.5, in favor of {@link #addConstructorArgValue}. * This variant just remains around for Spring Security 2.x compatibility. */ @Deprecated public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArg(Object value) { return addConstructorArgValue(value); } /** * Add an indexed constructor arg value. The current index is tracked internally * and all additions are at the present point. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArgValue(Object value) { this.beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue( this.constructorArgIndex++, value); return this; } /** * Add a reference to a named bean as a constructor arg. * @see #addConstructorArgValue(Object) */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder addConstructorArgReference(String beanName) { this.beanDefinition.getConstructorArgumentValues().addIndexedArgumentValue( this.constructorArgIndex++, new RuntimeBeanReference(beanName)); return this; } /** * Add the supplied property value under the given name. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder addPropertyValue(String name, Object value) { this.beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add(name, value); return this; } /** * Add a reference to the specified bean name under the property specified. * @param name the name of the property to add the reference to * @param beanName the name of the bean being referenced */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder addPropertyReference(String name, String beanName) { this.beanDefinition.getPropertyValues().add(name, new RuntimeBeanReference(beanName)); return this; } /** * Set the init method for this definition. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setInitMethodName(String methodName) { this.beanDefinition.setInitMethodName(methodName); return this; } /** * Set the destroy method for this definition. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setDestroyMethodName(String methodName) { this.beanDefinition.setDestroyMethodName(methodName); return this; } /** * Set the scope of this definition. * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#SCOPE_SINGLETON * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition#SCOPE_PROTOTYPE */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setScope(String scope) { this.beanDefinition.setScope(scope); return this; } /** * Set whether or not this definition is abstract. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setAbstract(boolean flag) { this.beanDefinition.setAbstract(flag); return this; } /** * Set whether beans for this definition should be lazily initialized or not. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setLazyInit(boolean lazy) { this.beanDefinition.setLazyInit(lazy); return this; } /** * Set the autowire mode for this definition. */ public BeanDefinitionBuilder setAutowireMode(int autowireMode) { beanDefinition.setAutowireMode(autowireMode); return this; } ... }
2、工厂模式(静态工厂方法)
这种模式允许通过使用静态方法对象进行初始化,称为工厂方法。在Spring中,可以通过指定的工厂方法创建bean。
如DefaultListableBeanFactory的
@Override public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException { return getBean(requiredType, (Object[]) null); } @Override public <T> T getBean(Class<T> requiredType, Object... args) throws BeansException { NamedBeanHolder<T> namedBean = resolveNamedBean(requiredType, args); if (namedBean != null) { return namedBean.getBeanInstance(); } BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory(); if (parent != null) { return parent.getBean(requiredType, args); } throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(requiredType); }
3、抽象工厂模式
创建工厂的工厂,提供了一种创建对象的最佳方式。 如指定创建bean的工厂,将工厂bean注册到beanFactory中
4、单例模式
一个类只能有一个实例。
5、代理模式
如AOP中的代理类就是
6、装饰器模式(Decorator)
也叫包装器模式(Wrapper)
动态的添加功能,属于合成/复用原则,通过组合,实现松耦合。装饰者和被装饰者实现同一个接口
动态的给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说,Decorator模式相比生成子类更为灵活。
Spring中用到的包装器模式在类名上有两种表现:一种是类名中含有Wapper,另一种是类名中含有Decorator。如BeanWrapper
7、适配器模式
Spring内部大量使用了适配器模式,比如JpaVendorAdapter、HibernateJpaVendorAdapter、HandlerInterceptorAdapter、SpringContextResourceAdapter等
适配器模式作为两个不兼容的接口之间的桥梁,如读卡器是作为内存卡和笔记本之间的适配器。
在适配器模式中,我们通过增加一个新的适配器类来解决接口不兼容的问题,使得原本没有任何关系的类可以协同工作,将两个接口解耦,不修改原有的结构,
增加一个适配器类来使两个接口关联起来。根据适配器类与被适配器的关系不同,适配器模式可以分为对象适配器和类适配器两种,在对象适配器中,适配器与被
适配器之间是关联关系;在类适配器中,适配器与被适配器之间是继承或者实现关系
由于Java不允许多继承,所以适配器以对象适配器为主
如:适配器类实现目标接口,然后组合了被适配器类,在重写的目标方法中实际调用的是被适配器类的方法即可
Spring AOP中用到了适配器模式。
8、观察者模式Observer:
定义对象间的一对多的依赖关系,当一个对象的状态发生改变时,所有依赖它的对象都得道通知并被自动刷新。
Spring中的Listener的实现用的就是观察者模式,如ApplicationListener