官方文档 http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/
基本使用
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
try:
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
inp = browser.find_element_by_id('kw')
inp.send_keys('Python')
inp.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'content_left')))
print(browser.current_url)
print(browser.get_cookies())
print(browser.page_source)
except:
pass
finally:
browser.close()
声明浏览器对象
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser = webdriver.Edge()
browser = webdriver.PhantomJS()
browser = webdriver.Safari()
访问页面
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.ocm')
print(browser.page_source)
browser.close()
查找元素
查找单个元素
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
inp_frist = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
inp_second = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#q')
inp_thrid = browser.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="q"]')
print(inp_frist, inp_second, inp_thrid)
browser.close()
- find_element_by_name
- find_element_by_xpath
- find_element_by_link_text
- find_element_by_partial_link_text
- find_element_by_tag_name
- find_element_by_class_name
- find_emement_by_css_selector
inp = browser.find_element(By.ID, 'q')
多个元素
lis = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.service-bd li')
- find_elements_by_name
- find_elements_by_xpath
- find_elements_by_link_text
- find_elements_by_partial_link_text
- find_elements_by_tag_name
- find_elements_by_class_name
- find_emements_by_css_selector
元素交互操作
对获取到的元素调用交互方法
inp = browser.find_element_by_id('q')
inp.send_keys('iPhone')
time.sleep(1)
inp.clear()
inp.send_keys('iPad')
button = browser.find_element_by_class_name('btn-search')
button.click()
交互动作
将动作附加到动作链中串行执行
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
browser=webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
# 切换到 iframe
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#draggable')
target = browser.find_element_by_css_selector('#droppable')
actions = ActionChains(browser)
actions.drag_and_drop(source, target)
actions.perform()
执行javascript
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
browser.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)')
browser.execute_script('alert("To Bottom")')
获取元素信息
获取属性
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium import ActionChains
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/explore'
browser.get(url)
logo = browser.find_element_by_id('zh-top-link-logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.get_attribute('class'))
获取文本， ID, 位置， 标签名， 大小
browser.get(url)
inp = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(inp.text)
print(inp.id)
print(inp.location)
print(inp.tag_name)
print(inp.size)
Frame
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common import NoSuchElementException
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
url = 'http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable'
browser.get(url)
browser.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')
source = browser.find_element_by_class_selector('#draggable')
print(source)
try:
logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
except NoSuchElementException:
print('no logo')
browser.switch_to.parent_frame()
logo = browser.find_element_by_class_name('logo')
print(logo)
print(logo.text)
等待
隐式等待
当使用了隐式等待执行测试的时候，如果WebDriver没有在DOM中找到元素，将继续等待，超出设定时间后抛出找不到元素的异常，换句话说，当查找元素或元素没有立即出现的
时候，隐式等待将等待一段时间再查找DOM，默认的时间0
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.implicitly_wait(10)
browser.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')
inp = browser.find_element_by_class_name('zu-top-add-question')
print(inp)
显式等待
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support expected_conditions as ec
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
wait = WebDriverWait(browser, 10)
inp = wait.until(ec.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'q')))
button = wait.until(ec.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '.btn-search')))
print('inp', button)
- title_is 标题是某内容
- title_contains 标题包含某内容
- presence_of_element_located 元素加载出，传入定位元素，如(By.ID, 'p')
- visibility_of_element_lcoated 元素可见，传入定位元素
- visibility_of 可见，出入元素对象
- presence_of_all_elements_located 所有元素加载出
- text_to_be_present_in_element 某个元素文本包含某文字
- text_to_be_present_in_element_value 某个元素值包含某文字
- frame_to_be_avaliable_and_switch_to_it_frame 加载并切换
- invisibility_of_element_located 元素不可见
- element_to_be_clickable 元素可点击
- staleness_of 判断一个元素是否仍在DOM，可判断页面是否已经刷新
- element_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传元素对象
- element_located_to_be_selected 元素可选择，传入定位元祖
- element_selection_state_to_be 传入元素对象以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
- element_located_selection_state_to_be 传入定位元组以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
- element_located_selection_state_to_be 传入定位元组以及状态，相等返回True，否则返回False
- alert_is_present 是否出现Alert
前进后退
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Chrome()
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
browser.get('https://www.python.org')
browser.back()
browser.forward()
browser.close()
Cookies
browser.get_cookies()
browser.add_cookie({'name':'y', 'domain': 'www.zhihu.com', 'value': 'g'})
browser.delete_all_cookies()
选项卡管理
browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')
browser.execute_script('window.open()')
print(browser.window_handles)
browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')
browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])
browser.get('https://python.org')
异常处理
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException, TimeoutException