XPath可以快速定位到Xml中的节点或者属性。XPath语法很简单,但是强大够用,它也是使用xslt的基础知识。
XPath的语法最基本的节点之间用/,属性用@,还有几个函数记住了基本问题就可以解决了。可以随时查手册
示例Xml:
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "utf-8" ?>
< pets >
< cat color = "black" weight = "10" >
< price >100</ price >
< desc >this
is a black cat</ desc >
</ cat >
< cat color = "white" weight = "9" >
< price >80</ price >
< desc >this
is a white cat</ desc >
</ cat >
< cat color = "yellow" weight = "15" >
< price >80</ price >
< desc >this
is a yellow cat</ desc >
</ cat >
< dog color = "black" weight = "10" >
< price >100</ price >
< desc >this
is a black dog</ desc >
</ dog >
< dog color = "white" weight = "9" >
< price >80</ price >
< desc >this
is a white dog</ desc >
</ dog >
< dog color = "yellow" weight = "15" >
< price >80</ price >
< desc >this
is a yellow dog</ desc >
</ dog >
</ pets > |
XPath的语法:
1. XPath中的符号
符号 |
说明 |
示例 |
示例说明 |
/ |
表示从根节点开始选择 |
/pets |
选择根节点pets |
表示节点和子节点之间的间隔符 |
/pets/dog |
选择pets节点下的dog节点 |
|
//xx |
表示从整个xml文档中查找,而不考虑当前节点位置 |
//price |
选择文档中所有的price节点 |
. |
单个英文半角句点表示选择当前节点 |
/pets/. |
选择pets节点 |
.. |
双点,表示选择父节点 |
/pets/dog[0]/.. |
表示pets节点,也就是第一个dog节点的父节点 |
@xx |
表示选择属性 |
//dog/@color |
表示选择所有dog节点的color属性集合 |
[…] |
中括号表示选择条件,括号内为条件 |
//dog[@color=’white’] |
所有color为white的dog节点 |
//dog[/price<100] |
所有price字节点值小于100的dog节点 |
||
中括号内数字为节点索引,类似c#等语言中的数组,数组下标是从1开始的 |
//dog[1] |
第1个dog节点 |
|
//dog[last()] |
最后一个dog节点,last()是xPath内置函数 |
||
| |
单竖杠表示合并节点结合 |
//dog[@color=’white’] | //cat[@color=’white’] |
color属性为white的dog节点和color属性为white的cat节点 |
* |
星号表示任何名字的节点或者属性 |
//dog/* |
表示dog节点的所有子节点 |
//dog/@* |
表示dog节点的所有属性节点 |
关键字 |
说明 |
示例 |
示例说明 |
ancestor |
当前节点的父祖节点 |
ancestor::pig |
当前节点的祖先节点中的pig节点 |
ancestor-or-self |
当前节点以及其父祖节点 |
ancestor::pig |
|
attribute |
当前节点的所有属性 |
attribute::weight |
相当于@weight,attribute::和@是等价的 |
child |
当前节点的所有字节点 |
child::*[name()!=’price’] |
选择名字不是price的子节点 |
descendant |
子孙节点 |
descendant::*[@*] |
有属性的子孙节点 |
descendant-or-self |
子孙节点以及当前节点 |
descendant-or-self::* |
|
following |
Xml文档中当前节点之后的所有节点 |
following::* |
|
following-sibling |
当前节点的同父弟弟节点 |
following-sibling:: |
|
preceding |
Xml文档中当前节点之前的所有节点 |
preceding::* |
|
namespace |
选取当前节点的所有命名空间节点 |
namespace::* |
|
parent |
当前节点的父节点 |
parent:: |
相当于双点.. |
preceding-sibling |
当前节点之后的同父兄节点 |
preceding-sibling::* |
|
self |
当前节点 |
self::* |
相当于单点. |
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml.XPath;
using System.Xml;
namespace UseXPathDotNet
{
class Program
{
static void Main( string []
args)
{
UseXPathWithXPathDocument();
UseXPathWithXmlDocument();
Console.Read();
}
static void UseXPathWithXmlDocument()
{
XmlDocument
doc = new XmlDocument();
//使用xPath选择需要的节点
XmlNodeList
nodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" );
foreach (XmlNode
item in nodes)
{
string title
= item.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).InnerText;
string url
= item.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).InnerText;
Console.WriteLine( "{0}
= {1}" ,
title, url);
}
}
static void UseXPathWithXPathDocument()
{
XPathNavigator
xPathNav = doc.CreateNavigator();
//使用xPath取rss中最新的10条随笔
XPathNodeIterator
nodeIterator = xPathNav.Select( "/rss/channel/item[position()<=10]" );
while (nodeIterator.MoveNext())
{
XPathNavigator
itemNav = nodeIterator.Current;
string title
= itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "title" ).Value;
string url
= itemNav.SelectSingleNode( "link" ).Value;
Console.WriteLine( "{0}
= {1}" ,title,url);
}
}
}
} |
XPath使用示例,请看下面的代码注释
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml;
namespace UseXPath1
{
class Program
{
static void Main( string []
args)
{
string xml
= @"<?xml
version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8"" ?> <pets>
<cat
color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""4"">
<price>100</price>
<desc>this
is a black cat</desc>
</cat>
<cat
color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""5"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this
is a white cat</desc>
</cat>
<cat
color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""1"">
<price>110</price>
<desc>this
is a yellow cat</desc>
</cat>
<dog
color=""black"" weight=""10"" count=""7"">
<price>114</price>
<desc>this
is a black dog</desc>
</dog>
<dog
color=""white"" weight=""9"" count=""4"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this
is a white dog</desc>
</dog>
<dog
color=""yellow"" weight=""15"" count=""15"">
<price>80</price>
<desc>this
is a yellow dog</desc>
</dog>
<pig
color=""white"" weight=""100"" count=""2"">
<price>8000</price>
<desc>this
is a white pig</desc>
</pig>
</pets>" ;
using (StringReader
rdr = new StringReader(xml))
{
XmlDocument
doc = new XmlDocument();
doc.Load(rdr);
//取所有pets节点下的dog字节点
XmlNodeList
nodeListAllDog = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/dog" );
//所有的price节点
XmlNodeList
allPriceNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "//price" );
//取最后一个price节点
XmlNode
lastPriceNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//price[last()]" );
//用双点号取price节点的父节点
XmlNode
lastPriceParentNode = lastPriceNode.SelectSingleNode( ".." );
//选择weight*count=40的所有动物,使用通配符*
XmlNodeList
nodeList = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[@weight*@count=40]" );
//选择除了pig之外的所有动物,使用name()函数返回节点名字
XmlNodeList
animalsExceptPigNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[name()
!= 'pig']" );
//选择价格大于100而不是pig的动物
XmlNodeList
priceGreaterThan100s = doc.SelectNodes( "/pets/*[price
div @weight >10 and name() != 'pig']" );
foreach (XmlNode
item in priceGreaterThan100s)
{
Console.WriteLine(item.OuterXml);
}
//选择第二个dog节点
XmlNode
theSecondDogNode = doc.SelectSingleNode( "//dog[position()
= 2]" );
//使用xpath
,axes 的 parent 取父节点
XmlNode
parentNode = theSecondDogNode.SelectSingleNode( "parent::*" );
//使用xPath选择第二个dog节点前面的所有dog节点
XmlNodeList
dogPresibling = theSecondDogNode.SelectNodes( "preceding::dog" );
//取文档的所有子孙节点price
XmlNodeList
childrenNodes = doc.SelectNodes( "descendant::price" );
}
Console.Read();
}
}
} |