Linux下磁盘分区、挂载、卸载操作记录.
操作环境：CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
Last login: Wed Oct 26 17:25:27 2016 from 118.230.194.76 [root@CentOS ~]# [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058962 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 64 65271 523774976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58743 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-65270, default 1): 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-65270, default 65270): Using default value 65270 Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 2 No free sectors available Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058962 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 64 65271 523774976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58743 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@CentOS ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) /dev/sdb1 alignment is offset by 33280 bytes. This may result in very poor performance, (re)-partitioning suggested. 文件系统标签= 操作系统:Linux 块大小=4096 (log=2) 分块大小=4096 (log=2) Stride=16 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks 32768000 inodes, 131070310 blocks 6553515 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user 第一个数据块=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296 4000 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000 正在写入inode表: 完成 Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成 Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成 This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or 180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. [root@CentOS ~]# [root@CentOS ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058962 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 64 65271 523774976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58743 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@CentOS ~]# pwd /root [root@CentOS ~]# cd /opt [root@CentOS opt]# mkdir sdb1 [root@CentOS opt]# mount /dev/sdb1 /opt/sdb1 [root@CentOS opt]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home on /home type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) /dev/sdb1 on /opt/sdb1 type ext3 (rw) [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# cd sdb1/ [root@CentOS sdb1]# ls lost+found [root@CentOS sdb1]# ll 总用量 16 drwx------. 2 root root 16384 10月 26 17:55 lost+found [root@CentOS sdb1]# [root@CentOS sdb1]# [root@CentOS sdb1]# cd .. [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# umount /opt/sdb1/ [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# mount /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,rootcontext="system_u:object_r:tmpfs_t:s0") /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home on /home type ext4 (rw) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# [root@CentOS opt]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058962 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 64 65271 523774976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58743 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@CentOS opt]# fdisk /dev/sdb WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u'). Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 65270 524281243+ 83 Linux Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary. Command (m for help): d Selected partition 1 Command (m for help): 1 1: unknown command Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks. [root@CentOS opt]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00058962 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 63 506016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 64 65271 523774976 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65270 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 65536 bytes / 65536 bytes Disk identifier: 0x8406cab6 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_root: 483.2 GB, 483183820800 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 58743 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 505 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/mapper/vg_centos-lv_home: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 [root@CentOS opt]#