日志收集架构
Kubernetes 集群本身不提供日志收集的解决方案，一般来说有主要的3种方案来做日志收集：
- 在节点上运行一个 agent 来收集日志
- 在 Pod 中包含一个 sidecar 容器来收集应用日志
- 直接在应用程序中将日志信息推送到采集后端
本文使用以下方案:
fluentd-->kafka-->logstash-->elasticsearch-->kibana
搭建 EFK 日志系统
elasticsearch安装使用集群外部环境
192.168.1.122 9200
kafka安装使用集群外部环境
192.168.1.122 9092
kubernetes集群创建名称空间
kubectl create namespace logging
fluentd安装
默认没有kafka插件
使用官方镜像安装:fluent-gem install fluent-plugin-kafka后,commit一下
创建configmap,添加fluentd配置文件
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat fluentd-configmap.yaml kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: fluentd-config namespace: logging labels: addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile data: system.conf: |- <system> root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/ </system> containers.input.conf: |- <source> @id fluentd-containers.log @type tail path /var/log/containers/*.log pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ localtime tag raw.kubernetes.* format json read_from_head true </source> # Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry. <match raw.kubernetes.**> @id raw.kubernetes @type detect_exceptions remove_tag_prefix raw message log stream stream multiline_flush_interval 5 max_bytes 500000 max_lines 1000 </match> system.input.conf: |- # Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services. <source> @id journald-docker @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag docker </source> <source> @id journald-kubelet @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag kubelet </source> forward.input.conf: |- # Takes the messages sent over TCP <source> @type forward </source> output.conf: |- # Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata <filter kubernetes.**> @type kubernetes_metadata </filter> <match **> @id elasticsearch @type elasticsearch @log_level info include_tag_key true host 192.168.1.122 port 9200 logstash_format true request_timeout 30s <buffer> @type file path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer flush_mode interval retry_type exponential_backoff flush_thread_count 2 flush_interval 5s retry_forever retry_max_interval 30 chunk_limit_size 2M queue_limit_length 8 overflow_action block </buffer> </match> [root@k8s-master ~]#
注意：修改host 和port
部署fluentd
[root@k8s-master ~]# cat fluentd-configmap.yaml kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: fluentd-config namespace: logging labels: addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile data: system.conf: |- <system> root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/ </system> containers.input.conf: |- <source> @id fluentd-containers.log @type tail path /var/log/containers/*.log pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ localtime tag raw.kubernetes.* format json read_from_head true </source> # Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry. <match raw.kubernetes.**> @id raw.kubernetes @type detect_exceptions remove_tag_prefix raw message log stream stream multiline_flush_interval 5 max_bytes 500000 max_lines 1000 </match> system.input.conf: |- # Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services. <source> @id journald-docker @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag docker </source> <source> @id journald-kubelet @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag kubelet </source> forward.input.conf: |- # Takes the messages sent over TCP <source> @type forward </source> output.conf: |- # Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata <filter kubernetes.**> @type kubernetes_metadata </filter> <match **> @id elasticsearch @type elasticsearch @log_level info include_tag_key true host 192.168.1.122 port 9200 logstash_format true request_timeout 30s <buffer> @type file path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer flush_mode interval retry_type exponential_backoff flush_thread_count 2 flush_interval 5s retry_forever retry_max_interval 30 chunk_limit_size 2M queue_limit_length 8 overflow_action block </buffer> </match> [root@k8s-master ~]# cat fluentd-daemonset.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: fluentd-es namespace: logging labels: k8s-app: fluentd-es kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: fluentd-es labels: k8s-app: fluentd-es kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile rules: - apiGroups: - "" resources: - "namespaces" - "pods" verbs: - "get" - "watch" - "list" --- kind: ClusterRoleBinding apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: name: fluentd-es labels: k8s-app: fluentd-es kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: fluentd-es namespace: logging apiGroup: "" roleRef: kind: ClusterRole name: fluentd-es apiGroup: "" --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: fluentd-es namespace: logging labels: k8s-app: fluentd-es version: v2.0.4 kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile spec: selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: fluentd-es version: v2.0.4 template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: fluentd-es kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true" version: v2.0.4 # This annotation ensures that fluentd does not get evicted if the node # supports critical pod annotation based priority scheme. # Note that this does not guarantee admission on the nodes (#40573). annotations: scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: '' spec: serviceAccountName: fluentd-es containers: - name: fluentd-es image: cnych/fluentd-elasticsearch:v2.0.4 env: - name: FLUENTD_ARGS value: --no-supervisor -q resources: limits: memory: 500Mi requests: cpu: 100m memory: 200Mi volumeMounts: - name: varlog mountPath: /var/log - name: varlibdockercontainers mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers readOnly: true - name: config-volume mountPath: /etc/fluent/config.d nodeSelector: beta.kubernetes.io/fluentd-ds-ready: "true" tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master operator: Exists effect: NoSchedule terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30 volumes: - name: varlog hostPath: path: /var/log - name: varlibdockercontainers hostPath: path: /var/lib/docker/containers - name: config-volume configMap: name: fluentd-config [root@k8s-master ~]#
创建节点标签
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-master beta.kubernetes.io/fluentd-ds-ready=true [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl label nodes k8s-node1 beta.kubernetes.io/fluentd-ds-ready=true [root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get nodes --show-labels NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION LABELS k8s-master Ready master 45d v1.13.1 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/fluentd-ds-ready=true,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-master,node-role.kubernetes.io/master= k8s-node1 Ready <none> 45d v1.13.1 beta.kubernetes.io/arch=amd64,beta.kubernetes.io/fluentd-ds-ready=true,beta.kubernetes.io/os=linux,kubernetes.io/hostname=k8s-node1 [root@k8s-master ~]#
最后应用配置文件
kubectl apply -f fluentd-daemonset.yaml
查看pods情况
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n logging NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE fluentd-es-pjcpx 1/1 Running 0 72m fluentd-es-x5bck 1/1 Running 0 72m [root@k8s-master ~]#
最后就可以在kibana的dashboard上展示
如下过滤kubernetes集群入口ingressgateway日志信息
接入kafka收集日志
kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: name: fluentd-config namespace: logging labels: addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile data: system.conf: |- <system> root_dir /tmp/fluentd-buffers/ </system> containers.input.conf: |- <source> @id fluentd-containers.log @type tail path /var/log/containers/*.log pos_file /var/log/es-containers.log.pos time_format %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%NZ localtime tag raw.kubernetes.* format json read_from_head true </source> # Detect exceptions in the log output and forward them as one log entry. <match raw.kubernetes.**> @id raw.kubernetes @type detect_exceptions remove_tag_prefix raw message log stream stream multiline_flush_interval 5 max_bytes 500000 max_lines 1000 </match> system.input.conf: |- # Logs from systemd-journal for interesting services. <source> @id journald-docker @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "docker.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag docker </source> <source> @id journald-kubelet @type systemd filters [{ "_SYSTEMD_UNIT": "kubelet.service" }] <storage> @type local persistent true </storage> read_from_head true tag kubelet </source> forward.input.conf: |- # Takes the messages sent over TCP <source> @type forward </source> output.conf: |- # Enriches records with Kubernetes metadata <filter kubernetes.**> @type kubernetes_metadata </filter> <match **> @id kafka @type kafka2 @log_level info include_tag_key true # list of seed brokers brokers 192.168.1.122:9092 use_event_time true # buffer settings <buffer> @type file path /var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer flush_mode interval retry_type exponential_backoff flush_thread_count 2 flush_interval 5s retry_forever retry_max_interval 30 chunk_limit_size 2M queue_limit_length 8 overflow_action block </buffer> # data type settings <format> @type json </format> # topic settings topic_key topic default_topic messages # producer settings required_acks -1 compression_codec gzip </match>
修改output使用kafka插件：https://docs.fluentd.org/output/kafka
brokers 192.168.1.122:9092
topic_key topic
default_topic messages
# producer settings
required_acks -1
compression_codec gzip
重启fluentd
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n logging
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
fluentd-es-mdsnz 1/1 Running 0 4d
fluentd-es-tc59t 1/1 Running 0 4d
[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs -f fluentd-es-tc59t -n logging
2019-08-05 07:13:44 +0000 [info]: [kafka] brokers has been set: ["192.168.1.122:9092"]
2019-08-05 07:13:44 +0000 [warn]: parameter 'include_tag_key' in <match **>
@id kafka
@type kafka2
@log_level "info"
include_tag_key true
brokers 192.168.1.122:9092
use_event_time true
topic_key "topic"
default_topic "messages"
required_acks -1
compression_codec "gzip"
<buffer>
@type "file"
path "/var/log/fluentd-buffers/kubernetes.system.buffer"
flush_mode interval
retry_type exponential_backoff
flush_thread_count 2
flush_interval 5s
retry_forever
retry_max_interval 30
chunk_limit_size 2M
queue_limit_length 8
overflow_action block
</buffer>
<format>
@type "json"
</format>
</match> is not used.
2019-08-05 07:13:44 +0000 [info]: [kafka] initialized kafka producer: fluentd
启动成功后查看kafka里已经新生成了 messages的topic
在kafka上查看数据情况如下:
[root@dev-log-server kafka]# ./bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic messages
Using the ConsoleConsumer with old consumer is deprecated and will be removed in a future major release. Consider using the new consumer by passing [bootstrap-server] instead of [zookeeper].
{"log":"2019-08-05 07:40:31.966 [INFO][65] client.go 587: Update: api.Update{KVPair:model.KVPair{Key:model.BlockAffinityKey{CIDR:net.IPNet{IPNet:net.IPNet{IP:net.IP{0xa, 0x51, 0x1, 0x0}, Mask:net.IPMask{0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x0}}}, Host:"k8s-node1"}, Value:(*model.BlockAffinity)(0xc4207e94c0), Revision:"512369", TTL:0}, UpdateType:0x2}
","stream":"stdout","docker":{"container_id":"49f48c1613be45a92ea1fc06efc6c2928347edf1c86a43432871ab8c5cfac323"},"kubernetes":{"container_name":"calico-node","namespace_name":"kube-system","pod_name":"calico-node-2srnw","pod_id":"23241398-8e80-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85","labels":{"controller-revision-hash":"99dc95f6f","k8s-app":"calico-node","pod-template-generation":"1"},"host":"k8s-node1","master_url":"https://10.96.0.1:443/api","namespace_id":"aac82294-8e7f-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85"}}
{"log":"2019-08-05 07:40:29.278 [INFO][63] ipsets.go 254: Resyncing ipsets with dataplane. family="inet"
","stream":"stdout","docker":{"container_id":"49f48c1613be45a92ea1fc06efc6c2928347edf1c86a43432871ab8c5cfac323"},"kubernetes":{"container_name":"calico-node","namespace_name":"kube-system","pod_name":"calico-node-2srnw","pod_id":"23241398-8e80-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85","labels":{"controller-revision-hash":"99dc95f6f","k8s-app":"calico-node","pod-template-generation":"1"},"host":"k8s-node1","master_url":"https://10.96.0.1:443/api","namespace_id":"aac82294-8e7f-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85"}}
{"log":"2019-08-05 07:40:31.137 [INFO][65] client.go 587: Update: api.Update{KVPair:model.KVPair{Key:model.ResourceKey{Name:"k8s-node1", Namespace:"", Kind:"Node"}, Value:(*v3.Node)(0xc4204d2000), Revision:"512369", TTL:0}, UpdateType:0x2}
","stream":"stdout","docker":{"container_id":"49f48c1613be45a92ea1fc06efc6c2928347edf1c86a43432871ab8c5cfac323"},"kubernetes":{"container_name":"calico-node","namespace_name":"kube-system","pod_name":"calico-node-2srnw","pod_id":"23241398-8e80-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85","labels":{"controller-revision-hash":"99dc95f6f","k8s-app":"calico-node","pod-template-generation":"1"},"host":"k8s-node1","master_url":"https://10.96.0.1:443/api","namespace_id":"aac82294-8e7f-11e9-8cc4-000c29a74c85"}}
配置logstash
配置logstash消费messages日志写入elasticsearch
cat config/kafkaInput_fluentd.conf
input {
kafka {
bootstrap_servers => ["192.168.1.122:9092"]
client_id => "fluentd"
group_id => "fluentd"
consumer_threads => 1
auto_offset_reset => "latest"
topics => ["messages"]
}
}
filter {
json{
source => "message"
}
ruby {
code => "event.set('timestamp', event.get('@timestamp').time.localtime + 8*60*60)"
}
ruby {
code => "event.set('@timestamp',event.get('timestamp'))"
}
ruby {
code => "event.set('find_time',event.get('@timestamp').time.localtime - 8*60*60)"
}
mutate {
remove_field => ["timestamp"]
remove_field => ["message"]
}
}
output {
elasticsearch{
hosts => ["192.168.1.122:9200"]
index => "kubernetes_%{+YYYY_MM_dd}"
}
# stdout {
# codec => rubydebug
# }
}
启动logstash
nohup ./bin/logstash -f config/kafkaInput_fluentd.conf --config.reload.automatic --path.data=/opt/logstash/data_fluentd 2>&1 > fluentd.log &
最终日志展示:
