SqlServer 查询表、表说明、关联表、字段说明，语句汇总

----查询所有的表
SELECT * FROM SYSOBJECTS WHERE TYPE='U'

 ----根据表名查询所有的字段名及其注释   
SELECT A.NAME,B.VALUE    
FROM SYSCOLUMNS A 
LEFT  JOIN SYS.EXTENDED_PROPERTIES B ON A.ID=B.MAJOR_ID AND A.COLID=B.MINOR_ID 
INNER JOIN SYSOBJECTS    C ON A.ID=C.ID AND UPPER(C.NAME)='tb_name'

------根据表名查询该表所有的关联表
SELECT 主键列ID=b.rkey 
    ,主键列名=(SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.rkey AND id=b.rkeyid) 
    ,外键表ID=b.fkeyid 
    ,外键表名称=object_name(b.fkeyid) 
    ,外键列ID=b.fkey 
    ,外键列名=(SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.fkey AND id=b.fkeyid) 
    ,级联更新=ObjectProperty(a.id,'CnstIsUpdateCascade') 
    ,级联删除=ObjectProperty(a.id,'CnstIsDeleteCascade') 
FROM sysobjects a 
    join sysforeignkeys b on a.id=b.constid 
    join sysobjects c on a.parent_obj=c.id 
where a.xtype='f' AND c.xtype='U' 
    and object_name(b.rkeyid)='tb_name'     ----主表表名
    

 ----查询关联表的表说明、主键列名、外表表名称、外键列名   
  SELECT
     表说明     =  isnull(d.value,object_name(b.fkeyid)) 
    ,主键列名=(SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.rkey AND id=b.rkeyid)  
    ,外键表名称=object_name(b.fkeyid) 
    ,外键列名=(SELECT name FROM syscolumns WHERE colid=b.fkey AND id=b.fkeyid) 
FROM sysobjects a 
    join sysforeignkeys b on a.id=b.constid 
    join sysobjects c on a.parent_obj=c.id 
    left join sys.extended_properties d on d.minor_id = 0 and c.id = d.major_id
where a.xtype='f' AND c.xtype='U' 
    and object_name(b.rkeyid)='tb_name'     ----主表表名 

　　

------最全的表信息查询
   SELECT 
    表名       = case when a.colorder=1 then d.name else '' end,
     表说明     = case when a.colorder=1 then isnull(f.value,'') else '' end,
     字段序号   = a.colorder,
     字段名     = a.name,
     标识       = case when COLUMNPROPERTY( a.id,a.name,'IsIdentity')=1 then '√'else '' end,
     主键       = case when exists(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects where xtype='PK' and parent_obj=a.id and name in (
                      SELECT name FROM sysindexes WHERE indid in( SELECT indid FROM sysindexkeys WHERE id = a.id AND colid=a.colid))) then '√' else '' end,
     类型       = b.name,
     占用字节数 = a.length,
     长度       = COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'PRECISION'),
     小数位数   = isnull(COLUMNPROPERTY(a.id,a.name,'Scale'),0),
     允许空     = case when a.isnullable=1 then '√'else '' end,
     默认值     = isnull(e.text,''),
     字段说明   = isnull(g.[value],'')
 FROM 
    syscolumns a
 left join 
    systypes b 
on 
    a.xusertype=b.xusertype
 inner join 
    sysobjects d 
on 
    a.id=d.id  and d.xtype='U' and  d.name<>'dtproperties'
 left join 
    syscomments e 
on 
    a.cdefault=e.id
 left join 
sys.extended_properties   g 
on 
    a.id=G.major_id and a.colid=g.minor_id  
left join 

sys.extended_properties f
 on 
    d.id=f.major_id and f.minor_id=0
 where 
    d.name='tb_name'
 order by 
    a.id,a.colorder