1.函数参数----慎用可变类型作为函数的参数
# 如果要想给value设置默认是空列表
# 不推荐(坑)
def func(data,value=[]):
pass
# 推荐
def func(data,value=None):
if not value:
value = []
def func(data,value=[]):
value.append(data)
return value
v1 = func(1) # [1,]
v2 = func(1,[11,22,33]) # [11,22,33,1]
def func(a,b=[]):
b.append(a)
return b
l1 = func(1)
l2 = func(2,[11,22])
l3 = func(3)
# [1,3] [11,22,2] [1,3]
print(l1,l2,l3)
def func(a,b=[]):
b.append(a)
print(b)
func(1)
func(2,[11,22,33])
func(3)
# [1] [11,22,33,2] [1,3]
2.函数返回值
def func(name):
def inner():
print(name)
return 123
return inner
v1 = func('alex')
v2 = func('eric')
v1()
v2()
3.函数闭包
# 不是闭包
def func1(name):
def inner():
return 123
return inner
# 是闭包:封装值 + 内层函数需要使用。
def func2(name):
def inner():
print(name)
return 123
return inner
4.函数递归-----函数自己调用自己。(效率低)
def func():
print(1)
func()
func()
def func(i):
print(i)
func(i+1)
func(1)
def func(a,b):
# 1
# 1
# 2
# 3
# 5
print(b)
func(b,a+b)
func(0,1)
def func(a):
if a == 5:
return 100000
result = func(a+1) + 10
return result
v = func(1)
# 递归的返回值
def func(a):
if a == 5:
return 100000
result = func(a+1) + 10
v = func(1)
name = 'alex'
def func():
def inner():
print(name)
return inner
v =func()
5.带参数的装饰器
1.装饰器标准
def func(index):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
return index(*args,**kwargs)
return inner
2.参数
def x(func):
def inner(a1):
return func(a1)
return inner
@x
def index(a1):
pass
def x(func):
def inner(a1,a2):
return func(a1,a2)
return inner
@x
def index(a1,a2):
pass
# index = inner
index(1,2)
# ################################### 参数统一的目的是为了给原来的index函数传参
def x(func):
def inner(a1,a2):
return func()
return inner
@x
def index():
pass
# func = 原来的index函数u
# index = inner
index(1,2)
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
return func(*args,**kwargs)
return inner
@x1
def f1():
pass
@x1
def f2(a1):
pass
@x1
def f3(a1,a2):
pass
3.返回值
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
data = func(*args,**kwargs)
return data
return inner
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
data = func(*args,**kwargs)
return data
return inner
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
data = func(*args,**kwargs)
return inner
···装饰器建议写法:
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
data = func(*args,**kwargs)
return data
return inner
4.关于前后
def x1(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
print('调用原函数之前')
data = func(*args,**kwargs) # 执行原函数并获取返回值
print('调用员函数之后')
return data
return inner
5.带参数的装饰器
# 第一步:执行 ret = xxx(index)
# 第二步:将返回值赋值给 index = ret
# ################## 普通装饰器 #####################
def wrapper(func):
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
print('调用原函数之前')
data = func(*args,**kwargs) # 执行原函数并获取返回值
print('调用员函数之后')
return data
return inner
# 写一个带参数的装饰器,实现:参数是多少,被装饰的函数就要执行多少次,把每次结果添加到列表中,最终返回列表。
def xxx(counter):
print('x函数')
def wrapper(func):
print('wrapper函数')
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
v = []
for i in range(counter):
data = func(*args,**kwargs) # 执行原函数并获取返回值
v.append(data)
return v
return inner
return wrapper
def x(counter):
print('x函数')
def wrapper(func):
print('wrapper函数')
def inner(*args,**kwargs):
if counter:
return 123
return func(*args,**kwargs)
return inner
return wrapper
6.模块
1.sys-----python解释器相关的数据。
-
sys.getrefcount , 获取一个值的应用计数
a = [11,22,33]
b = a
print(sys.getrefcount(a)) # 2 这儿各自 -
sys.getrecursionlimit , python默认支持的递归数量
-
sys.stdout.write --> print (进度)
import time
for i in range(1,101):
msg = "%s%% " %i # 回到本行最开始的位置
print(msg,end='')
time.sleep(0.05)import os
# 1. 读取文件大小(字节)
file_size = os.stat('20190409_192149.mp4').st_size
# 2.一点一点的读取文件
read_size = 0
with open('20190409_192149.mp4',mode='rb') as f1,open('a.mp4',mode='wb') as f2:
while read_size < file_size:
chunk = f1.read(1024) # 每次最多去读取1024字节
f2.write(chunk)
read_size += len(chunk)
val = int(read_size / file_size * 100)
print('%s%% ' %val ,end='') -
sys.argv
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
"""
让用户执行脚本传入要删除的文件路径,在内部帮助用将目录删除。
C:Python36python36.exe D:/code/s21day14/7.模块传参.py D:/test
C:Python36python36.exe D:/code/s21day14/7.模块传参.py
"""
import sys
# 获取用户执行脚本时,传入的参数。
# C:Python36python36.exe D:/code/s21day14/7.模块传参.py D:/test
# sys.argv = [D:/code/s21day14/7.模块传参.py, D:/test]
path = sys.argv[1]
# 删除目录
import shutil
shutil.rmtree(path)
2.os-----和操作系统相关的数据。
-
os.path.exists(path) , 如果path存在,返回True;如果path不存在,返回False # 确认路径是否存在
-
os.stat('20190409_192149.mp4').st_size , 获取文件大小
-
os.path.abspath() , 获取一个文件的绝对路径
path = '20190409_192149.mp4' # D:codes21day1420190409_192149.mp4
import os
v1 = os.path.abspath(path)
print(v1) -
os.path.dirname ,获取路径的上级目录
import os
v = r"D:codes21day1420190409_192149.mp4"
print(os.path.dirname(v)) -
os.path.join ,路径的拼接
import os
path = "D:codes21day14" # user/index/inx/fasd/
v = 'n.txt'
result = os.path.join(path,v)
print(result)
result = os.path.join(path,'n1','n2','n3')
print(result) -
os.listdir , 查看一个目录下所有的文件【第一层】
import os
result = os.listdir(r'D:codes21day14')
for path in result:
print(path) -
os.walk , 查看一个目录下所有的文件【所有层】
import os
result = os.walk(r'D:codes21day14')
for a,b,c in result:
# a,正在查看的目录 b,此目录下的文件夹 c,此目录下的文件
for item in c:
path = os.path.join(a,item)
print(path)
-
补充:
-
转义
v1 = r"D:codes21day14 1.mp4" (推荐)
print(v1)
v2 = "D:\code\s21day14\n1.mp4"
print(v2)
-
3.shutil
import shutil
shutil.rmtree(path) # 强制删除
4