Shell编程之Expect自动化交互程序

一、Expect自动化交互程序

1.spawn命令

通过spawn执行一个命令或程序，之后所有的Expect操作都会在这个执行过的命令或程序进程中进行，包括自动交互功能。

语法：
spawn [ 选项 ] [ 需要自动交互的命令或程序 ]

• -open 表示启动文件进程
• -ignore 表示忽略某些信号

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.1 uptime

2.expect命令

获取spawn命令执行后的信息，看卡是否和其事先指定的相匹配，一旦匹配上指定的内容就执行expect

语法：
expect 表达式 [ 动作 ]

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.1 uptime
expect "*password" {sshd "123456
"}

3.expect实践

（1）执行ssh命令远程获取服务器负载，并实现自动输入密码

[root@codis-178 ~]# cat 18_1.sh 
#!/bin/expect
#Author:xiaoda
#Time:2017-09-06 11:53:30
#Name:18_1.sh
#Version:V1.0
#Description:This is a test script

spawn ssh -p12541 test@192.168.1.22 uptime
expect "*password" {send "123456
"}

expect eof
[root@codis-178 ~]# expect 18_1.sh 
spawn ssh -p12541 test@192.168.1.22 uptime
Address 192.168.1.22 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
test@192.168.1.22's password: 
 11:56:01 up 1754 days, 23:53,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

说明：
通过spawn执行ssh后，系统会提示输入密码，expect按照匹配password字符串，之后根据send或exp_send动作执行。

（2）执行ssh命令远程获取服务器负载，并自动输入“yes”及用户密码

[root@codis-178 ~]# cat 18_2.sh 
#!/bin/expect
#Author:xiaoda
#Time:2017-09-06 11:53:30
#Name:18_1.sh
#Version:V1.0
#Description:This is a test script

spawn ssh -p12541 test@192.168.1.22 uptime
expect {
	"yes/no" {exp_send "yes
";exp_continue}
	"*password" {exp_send "12345465
"}
}
expect eof
 
[root@codis-178 ~]# expect 18_2.sh 
spawn ssh -p12541 test@192.168.1.22 uptime
Address 192.168.1.22 maps to localhost, but this does not map back to the address - POSSIBLE BREAK-IN ATTEMPT!
test@192.168.1.22's password: 
 12:03:18 up 1755 days, 1 min,  0 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00

（3）利用expect响应Shell脚本中的多个read读入

[root@codis-178 ~]# cat 18_3_1.sh
#!/bin/bash
#Author:xiaoda
#Time:2017-09-06 12:05:38
#Name:18_3_1.sh
#Version:V1.0
#Description:This is a test script

read -p 'Please input your username:' name
read -p 'Please input your password:' pass
read -p 'Please input your email:' email
echo -n "your name is $name."
echo -n "your password is $pass."
echo "your email is $email."

[root@codis-178 ~]# cat 18_3_2.sh
#!/bin/expect
#Author:xiaoda
#Time:2017-09-06 12:07:37
#Name:18_3_2.sh
#Version:V1.0
#Description:This is a test script

spawn /bin/sh 18_3_1.sh
expect {
	"username" {exp_send "oldboy
";exp_continue}
	"*pass*" {send "123456
";exp_continue}
	"*email*" {exp_send "12313@.qq.com
"}
}
expect eof'

[root@codis-178 ~]# expect 18_3_2.sh 
spawn /bin/sh 18_3_1.sh
Please input your username:oldboy
Please input your password:123456
Please input your email:12313@.qq.com
your name is oldboy.your password is 123456.your email is 12313@.qq.com.

4.命令简介

（1）send命令
发送指定的字符串给系统

（2）exp_continue命令
让Expect程序继续匹配

（3）send_user命令
用来打印Expect脚本信息，类似echo

（4）exit命令
直接退出Expect脚本

5.Expect关键字

（1）eof
用于匹配结束符

（2）timeout
控制时间，是一个全局性的时间控制开关，可以通过为这个变量赋值来规定整个Expect操作的时间
（即使命令没有任何错误，到了时间仍然会激活这个变量）

spqwn ssh root@192.168.1.1 uptime
set timeout 30
expect "yes/no" {exp_send "yes
";exp_continue}
expect timeout {puts "Request timeout by oldboy.";return}

spqwn ssh root@192.168.1.1 uptime
expect {
    -timeout 3
    expect "yes/no" {exp_send "yes
";exp_continue}
    expect timeout {puts "Request timeout by oldboy.";return}
}

6.企业应用

（1）实现Expect自动交互

#!/usr/bin/expect
if [ $argc != 2 ] {
    puts "usage: expect $argv0 ip command"
    exit
}

set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set cmd [lindex $argv 1]
set password "123456"

spawn ssh root@192.168.1.1 $cmd
expect {
    expect "yes/no" {exp_send "yes
";exp_continue}
    "*password" {send "$password
"}
}
export eof

（2）批量发送文件

#!/usr/bin/expect
if [ $argc != 3 ] {
    puts "usage: expect $argv0 file host dir"
    exit
}

set file [lindex $argv 0]
set host [lindex $argv 1]
set dir [lindex $argv 2]
set password "123456"

spawn ssh -P22 root@192.168.1.1 $cmd
expect {
    expect "yes/no" {exp_send "yes
";exp_continue}
    "*password" {send "$password
"}
}
export eof

#!/bin/bash
if [ $# -ne 2 ];then
    echo $"Usage:$0 file dir"
    exit 1
fi
file=$1
dir=$2
for n in 128 129 130
do
    expect 18_13_1.exp $file 192.168.1.$n $dir
done