转自:http://blog.csdn.net/a19881029/article/details/42245955
Git fetch和git pull都可以用来更新本地库,它们之间有什么区别呢?
每一个本地库下都有一个.git的隐藏文件夹,文件夹中的文件保存着跟这个本地库相关的信息
首先来看下其中的config文件
- [core]
- repositoryformatversion = 0
- filemode = false
- bare = false
- logallrefupdates = true
- symlinks = false
- ignorecase = true
- hideDotFiles = dotGitOnly
- [remote "origin"]
- url = git@github.com:seanzou88/fetch.git
- fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
- [branch "master"]
- remote = origin
- merge = refs/heads/master
从这个文件中我们可以了解到:
1,本地库的当前分支为master,其关联的远程库名称为origin(不同的名称可以指向同一个远程库,参见git remote命令)
2,远程库origin所在的位置为(URL):git@github.com:seanzou88/fetch.git
然后可以查看.git文件夹下的HEAD文件:
- ref: refs/heads/master
其指向.git efsheadsmaster文件
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
这个文件中保存的是本地库中最新的commit id
.git efs文件夹很有意思,面分为3个文件夹
heads文件夹前面说过了
remotes文件夹中的每一个文件夹代表一个远程库名称(git remote),其中的每个文件关联远程库的一个分支,其中保存该分支的最新commit id
.gitlogs文件夹下保存的是.git efs文件夹下相应文件的变更记录
准备工作到此结束,下面可以具体看看git fetch和git pull之间的区别了
git fetch origin
本地的latest commit id为:ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
githup上的latest commit id为:ab8cd391f978fe5384a78c92001ef8ae861046f0
before:
.git efsheadsmaster
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
.git efs emotesoriginmaster
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
.gitlogs efsheadsmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
- ......
- commit (initial): first commit
.gitlogs efs emotesoriginmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
- ......
- update by push
after:
.git efsheadsmaster(不变)
.git efs emotesoriginmaster
- ab8cd391f978fe5384a78c92001ef8ae861046f0
.gitlogs efsheadsmaster(不变)
.gitlogs efs emotesoriginmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
- ......
- update by push
- ce71505b3626a3648b2c32ea2081d65049cad300
- ab8cd391f978fe5384a78c92001ef8ae861046f0
- ......
- fetch origin: fast-forward
本地库并没有变化,也就是说,git fetch只会将本地库所关联的远程库的commit id更新至最新
HEAD没有变化很容易理解,因为本地库并没有变化
git pull origin master:master
本地的latest commit id为:3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
githup上的latest commit id为:64df093f73294d82a3adce9694871b9fac2aecfb
before:
.git efsheadsmaster
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
.git efs emotesoriginmaster
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
.gitlogs efsheadsmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
- ......
- commit (initial): first commit
.gitlogs efs emotesoriginmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
- ......
- update by push
after:
.git efsheadsmaster
- 64df093f73294d82a3adce9694871b9fac2aecfb
.git efs emotesoriginmaster(不变)
.gitlogs efsheadsmaster
- 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
- ......
- commit (initial): first commit
- 3643a1a65fc88ae0e9f28f12168629758d027415
- 64df093f73294d82a3adce9694871b9fac2aecfb
- ......
- pull origin master:master: fast-forward
.gitlogs efs emotesoriginmaster(不变)
本地库更新至最新,git pull会将本地库更新至远程库的最新状态
由于本地库进行了更新,HEAD也会相应的指向最新的commit id
所以虽然从结果上来看,git pull = git fetch + git merge,但是从文件中保存的commit id来看,实现上不是这样实现的
为了更好的理解,画了个图: