• Java堆和优先队列


    普通队列:先进先出,后进后出

    优先队列:出队顺序和入队顺序无关,和优先级相关。

    堆中某个节点的值总是不对于其父节点的值,最大堆。

    public class Array<E> {
    
        private E[] data;
        private int size;
    
        // 构造函数,传入数组的容量capacity构造Array
        public Array(int capacity){
            data = (E[])new Object[capacity];
            size = 0;
        }
    
        // 无参数的构造函数,默认数组的容量capacity=10
        public Array(){
            this(10);
        }
    
        public Array(E[] arr){
        	data=(E[])new Object[arr.length];
        	for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++)
        		data[i]=arr[i];
        	size=arr.length;
        }
        // 获取数组的容量
        public int getCapacity(){
            return data.length;
        }
    
        // 获取数组中的元素个数
        public int getSize(){
            return size;
        }
    
        // 返回数组是否为空
        public boolean isEmpty(){
            return size == 0;
        }
    
        // 在index索引的位置插入一个新元素e
        public void add(int index, E e){
    
            if(index < 0 || index > size)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Add failed. Require index >= 0 and index <= size.");
    
            if(size == data.length)
                resize(2 * data.length);
    
            for(int i = size - 1; i >= index ; i --)
                data[i + 1] = data[i];
    
            data[index] = e;
    
            size ++;
        }
    
        // 向所有元素后添加一个新元素
        public void addLast(E e){
            add(size, e);
        }
    
        // 在所有元素前添加一个新元素
        public void addFirst(E e){
            add(0, e);
        }
    
        // 获取index索引位置的元素
        public E get(int index){
            if(index < 0 || index >= size)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Get failed. Index is illegal.");
            return data[index];
        }
    
        // 修改index索引位置的元素为e
        public void set(int index, E e){
            if(index < 0 || index >= size)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Set failed. Index is illegal.");
            data[index] = e;
        }
    
        // 查找数组中是否有元素e
        public boolean contains(E e){
            for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
                if(data[i].equals(e))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
    
        // 查找数组中元素e所在的索引,如果不存在元素e,则返回-1
        public int find(E e){
            for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
                if(data[i].equals(e))
                    return i;
            }
            return -1;
        }
    
        // 从数组中删除index位置的元素, 返回删除的元素
        public E remove(int index){
            if(index < 0 || index >= size)
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("Remove failed. Index is illegal.");
    
            E ret = data[index];
            for(int i = index + 1 ; i < size ; i ++)
                data[i - 1] = data[i];
            size --;
            data[size] = null; // loitering objects != memory leak
    
            if(size == data.length / 4 && data.length / 2 != 0)
                resize(data.length / 2);
            return ret;
        }
    
        // 从数组中删除第一个元素, 返回删除的元素
        public E removeFirst(){
            return remove(0);
        }
    
        // 从数组中删除最后一个元素, 返回删除的元素
        public E removeLast(){
            return remove(size - 1);
        }
    
        // 从数组中删除元素e
        public void removeElement(E e){
            int index = find(e);
            if(index != -1)
                remove(index);
        }
        //交换i和j所在元素的位置
        public void swap(int i,int j){
        	if(i<0||i>=size||j<0||j>=size)
        		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Index is illegal.");
        	E t=data[i];
        	data[i]=data[j];
        	data[j]=t;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString(){
    
            StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
            res.append(String.format("Array: size = %d , capacity = %d
    ", size, data.length));
            res.append('[');
            for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++){
                res.append(data[i]);
                if(i != size - 1)
                    res.append(", ");
            }
            res.append(']');
            return res.toString();
        }
    
        // 将数组空间的容量变成newCapacity大小
        private void resize(int newCapacity){
    
            E[] newData = (E[])new Object[newCapacity];
            for(int i = 0 ; i < size ; i ++)
                newData[i] = data[i];
            data = newData;
        }
    }
    

      

    package MaxHeap;
    
    public class MaxHeap<E extends Comparable<E>>{
    	private Array<E> data;
    	public MaxHeap(int capacity){
    		data=new Array<>(capacity);
    	}
    
    	public MaxHeap(){
    		data=new Array<>();
    	}
    	public MaxHeap(E[] arr){
    		data=new Array<>(arr);
    		for(int i=parent(arr.length-1);	i>=0;i--)
    			siftDown(i);
    	}
    	//返回堆中的元素
    	public int size(){
    		return data.getSize();
    	}
    	//返回一个布尔值,表示堆中是否为空
    	public boolean isEmpty(){
    		return data.isEmpty();
    	}
    	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的父节点的索引
    	private int parent(int index){
    		if(index==0)
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException("index-0 doesn't hava parent.");
    		return (index -1)/2;
    	}
    	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的左孩子节点的索引
    	private int leftChild(int index){
    		return index*2+1;
    	}
    	//返回完全二叉树的数组表示中,一个索引表示的元素的右孩子节点的索引
    	private int rightChild(int index){
    		return index*2+2;
    	}
    	//向堆中添加元素
    	public void add(E e){
    		data.addLast(e);
    		siftUp(data.getSize()-1);  //最后一个索引
    	}
    	private void siftUp(int k){
    		while(k>0&&data.get(parent(k)).compareTo(data.get(k))<0){//key所在的父亲元素和key元素进行比较
    			data.swap(k, parent(k));
    			k=parent(k);
    		}
    	}
    	//看堆中的最大元素
    	public E findMax(){
    		if(data.getSize()==0)
    			throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can not findMax when heap is empty.");
    		return data.get(0);
    	}
    	
    	//取出堆中最大元素
    	public E extractMax(){
    		E ret=findMax();
    		data.swap(0, data.getSize()-1);
    		data.removeLast();
    		siftDown(0);
    		return ret;
    	}
    	private void siftDown(int k){
    		while(leftChild(k)<data.getSize()){
    			int j=leftChild(k);
    			if(j+1<data.getSize()
    					&&data.get(	j+1).compareTo(data.get(j))>0)
    				j=rightChild(k);
    			//data[j] 是leftChild和rightChild中最大值
    			if(data.get(k).compareTo(data.get(j))>=0)
    				break;
    			data.swap(k, j);
    			k=j;
    		}
    	}
        
    	//取出堆中的最大元素,并且替换成元素e
    	public E replace(E e){
    		E ret=findMax();
    		data.set(0,e);
    		siftDown(0);
    		return ret;
    	}
    	//heapify:将任意数组整理成堆的形状
    	
    }
    

      测试

    package MaxHeap;
    
    import java.util.Random;
    
    public class Main {
    	private static double testHeap(Integer[] testData,boolean isHeapify){
    		long startTime=System.nanoTime();
    		MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap;
    		if(isHeapify)
    			maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>(testData);
    		else {
    			maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
    			for(int num:testData)
    				maxHeap.add(num);
    		}
    		int[] arr = new int[testData.length];
    		for (int i = 0; i < testData.length; i++)
    			arr[i] = maxHeap.extractMax();
    		for (int i = 1; i < testData.length; i++)
    			if (arr[i - 1] < arr[i])
    				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
    		System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
    		long endTime=System.nanoTime();
    		return(endTime-startTime)/1000000000.0;
    	}
       public static void main(String[] args){
    	   int n=100000;
    	   MaxHeap<Integer> maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
    	   Random random=new Random();
    	   Integer[] testData=new Integer[n];
    	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    		   testData[i]=random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
    	   
    	   double time1=testHeap(testData, false);
    	   System.out.println("Without heapify:"+time1+"s");
    	   
    	   double time2=testHeap(testData, true);
    	   System.out.println("With heapify:"+time2+"s");
    	   
    //	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    //		   maxHeap.add(random.nextInt(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
    	   
    //	   int[] arr=new int[n];
    //	   for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    //		   arr[i]=maxHeap.extractMax();
    //	   for(int i=1;i<n;i++)
    //		   if(arr[i-1]<arr[i])
    //			   throw new IllegalArgumentException("Error");
    //	   System.out.println("Test MaxHeap completed");
       }
    }
    

      

     给定一个非空整数的数组,返回其中出现频率前k高的元素

    public interface Queue <E>{
        int getSize();
        boolean isEmpty();
        void enqueue(E e);
        E dequeue();
        E getFront();	
    }
    

      

    package MaxHeap;
    
    public class PriorityQueue<E extends Comparable<E>> implements Queue<E> {
        private MaxHeap<E> maxHeap;
        public PriorityQueue(){
        	maxHeap=new MaxHeap<>();
        }
        @Override
        public int getSize(){
        	return maxHeap.size();
        }
        @Override
        public boolean isEmpty(){
        	return maxHeap.isEmpty();
        }
        @Override
        public E getFront(){
        	return maxHeap.findMax();
        }
        @Override
        public void enqueue(E e){
        	maxHeap.add(e);
        }
        @Override
        public E dequeue(){
        	return maxHeap.extractMax();
        }
    }
    

      

    package MaxHeap;
    
    import java.util.LinkedList;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.TreeMap;
    
    public class Solution {
    	private class Freq implements Comparable<Freq>{
    		public int e,freq;
    		public  Freq(int e,int freq) {
    			this.e=e;
    			this.freq=freq;
    		}
    		@Override
    		public int compareTo(Freq another){
    			if( this.freq<another.freq)
    				return 1;
    			else if(this.freq>another.freq)
    				return -1;
    			else return 0;
    		}
    	}
        public  List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums,int k){
        	TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map=new TreeMap<>();
        	for(int num:nums){
        		if(map.containsKey(num))
        			map.put(num, map.get(num)+1);
        		else 
        			map.put(num, 1);
        	}
        	PriorityQueue<Freq>	pq=new PriorityQueue<>();
        	for(int key:map.keySet()){
        		if(pq.getSize()<k)
        			pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
        		else if(map.get(key)>pq.getFront().freq){
        			pq.dequeue();
        			pq.enqueue(new Freq(key, map.get(key)));
        		}	
        	}
        	LinkedList<Integer> res=new LinkedList<>();
            while (! pq.isEmpty())
            	res.add(pq.dequeue().e);
            return res;
        }
    }
    

      java自定义:

    import java.util.*;
    
    public class Solution5 {
    
        public List<Integer> topKFrequent(int[] nums, int k) {
    
            TreeMap<Integer, Integer> map = new TreeMap<>();
            for(int num: nums){
                if(map.containsKey(num))
                    map.put(num, map.get(num) + 1);
                else
                    map.put(num, 1);
            }
    
            PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(new Comparator<Integer>() {
                @Override
                public int compare(Integer a, Integer b) {
                    return map.get(a) - map.get(b);
                }
            });
            PriorityQueue<Integer> pq = new PriorityQueue<>(
                    (a, b) -> map.get(a) - map.get(b)
            );
            for(int key: map.keySet()){
                if(pq.size() < k)
                    pq.add(key);
                else if(map.get(key) > map.get(pq.peek())){
                    pq.remove();
                    pq.add(key);
                }
            }
    
            LinkedList<Integer> res = new LinkedList<>();
            while(!pq.isEmpty())
                res.add(pq.remove());
            return res;
        }
    
        private static void printList(List<Integer> nums){
            for(Integer num: nums)
                System.out.print(num + " ");
            System.out.println();
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
            int[] nums = {1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3};
            int k = 2;
            printList((new Solution()).topKFrequent(nums, k));
        }
    }
    

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunliyuan/p/10706511.html
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