requests模块

方法 

# r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')
# r = requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')
# r = requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')
# r = requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')
# r = requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')
...

requests.request(method='post', ...)

参数

2.1  url
2.2  headers
    headers = {
        'cookie': '_xsrf=qgpErUtmbbBx4iIjaEvCvrgS1LTV7gzc; _zap=cf42d0d5-b056-4e0d-b3a3-26dfd2f6a374; d_c0="AODm6prxAQ6PTp0ckYQVU1Clh8qZB3pTJ_k=|1533428612"; l_n_c=1; n_c=1; __gads=ID=5cd6f7750f3e001f:T=1543593535:S=ALNI_MbSXYYBZxCv58del3tLMtSWBWAOjQ; q_c1=24324f549ec242e5aa8bbd486b11f2f9|1553787786000|1533428614000; __utma=51854390.2001133214.1553787789.1553787789.1553787789.1; __utmc=51854390; __utmz=51854390.1553787789.1.1.utmcsr=google|utmccn=(organic)|utmcmd=organic|utmctr=(not%20provided); __utmv=51854390.000--|3=entry_date=20180805=1; l_cap_id="MGVkZWYxYTdjMjBlNGZiNjliN2NkY2E4NDA1NmY2Yjk=|1553828944|74f826e94ebd276887ae1109645c490cfc0024e1"; r_cap_id="Y2NjNzc3YmZhNGIxNDFlMThjYjljODAyYTAxZjUxNGI=|1553828944|e62fe661882dccbb3ab763c8ba1a78af5c2cbf1e"; cap_id="MDNhOTJiOGQzNjMxNGI3OWEyMjZhMzQ1MDk1NGIxMTc=|1553828944|09c7b9ef0ad1cc49d5becb57988a720a8afacaea"; tgw_l7_route=80f350dcd7c650b07bd7b485fcab5bf7; capsion_ticket="2|1:0|10:1554214536|14:capsion_ticket|44:YmYwMjRlNWU0NzQ2NDNmNDk2Y2Y5ZTU3NzM5YTM4YjM=|0d9264d4b65c02936905137db26dd54974d02e9f074893cf4a4ab26370eb9383"; z_c0="2|1:0|10:1554214562|4:z_c0|92:Mi4xV1ZGNEFnQUFBQUFBNE9icW12RUJEaVlBQUFCZ0FsVk5vcnlRWFFEWWJlaFU2QzZEY3BEa1RTejFxQlcxSlpubmpB|947346f0ac55e10714da8a6f6d9753534a4f5a22aaf6ab1d69e734c8549c95bf"; unlock_ticket="ABBKw-YyTQkmAAAAYAJVTap1o1y90hDD4p9aVPDBfFiiXoRFNKP_LA=="; tst=r',
        'host': 'www.zhihu.com',
        'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36'
    }
    r = requests.get('https://www.zhihu.com/people/sun-chang-heng/activities', headers=headers)     # 我的主页
    
2.3  cookies
    ret = requests.get(uri)  # 微信返回的凭证
    session['cookie1'] = ret.cookies.get_dict() 
    rep = requests.get(url=user_url, cookies=session['cookie1'])
2.4  params
2.5  data，传请求体
        
        requests.post(
            ...,
            data={'user':'alex','pwd':'123'}
        )
        
        GET /index http1.1
host:c1.com

user=alex&pwd=123
        
2.6  json，传请求体
        requests.post(
            ...,
            json={'user':'alex','pwd':'123'}
        )
        
        GET /index http1.1
host:c1.com
Content-Type:application/json

{"user":"alex","pwd":123}
2.7 代理 proxies
    # 无验证
        proxie_dict = {
            "http": "61.172.249.96:80",
            "https": "http://61.185.219.126:3128",
        }
        ret = requests.get("https://www.proxy360.cn/Proxy", proxies=proxie_dict)
        
    
    # 验证代理
        from requests.auth import HTTPProxyAuth
        
        proxyDict = {
            'http': '77.75.105.165',
            'https': '77.75.106.165'
        }
        auth = HTTPProxyAuth('用户名', '密码')
        
        r = requests.get("http://www.google.com",data={'xxx':'ffff'} proxies=proxyDict, auth=auth)
        print(r.text)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.8 文件上传 files
    # 发送文件
        file_dict = {
            'f1': open('xxxx.log', 'rb')
        }
        requests.request(
            method='POST',
            url='http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/',
            files=file_dict
        )
        
2.9 认证 auth

    内部：
        用户名和密码，用户和密码加密，放在请求头中传给后台。
        
            - "用户:密码"
            - base64("用户:密码")
            - "Basic base64("用户|密码")"
            - 请求头：
                Authorization： "basic base64("用户|密码")"
        
    from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth, HTTPDigestAuth

    ret = requests.get('https://api.github.com/user', auth=HTTPBasicAuth('wupeiqi', 'sdfasdfasdf'))
    print(ret.text)
    
2.10 超时 timeout 
    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=1)
    # print(ret)

    # ret = requests.get('http://google.com/', timeout=(5, 1))
    # print(ret)
    
2.11 允许重定向  allow_redirects
    ret = requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', allow_redirects=False)
    print(ret.text)
    
2.12 大文件下载 stream
    from contextlib import closing
    with closing(requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', stream=True)) as r1:
    # 在此处理响应。
    for i in r1.iter_content():
        print(i)
        
2.13 证书 cert
    - 百度、腾讯 => 不用携带证书（系统帮你做了）
    - 自定义证书
        requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', cert="xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem")
        requests.get('http://127.0.0.1:8000/test/', cert=("xxxx/xxx/xxx.pem","xxx.xxx.xx.key"))
2.14 确认 verify = False 

响应

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(type(r.status_code), r.status_code)   # 状态码
print(type(r.headers), r.headers)           # 响应头
print(type(r.cookies), r.cookies)           # cookie
print(type(r.cookies), r.cookies.get_dict())           # 字典格式的cookie
print(type(r.url), r.url)                   # url
print(type(r.history), r.history)           #
r.encoding = 'utf-8'    # 设置编码
print(type(r.text), r.text)                 # 响应体内容
print('Request Successfully') if r.status_code == requests.codes.ok else print('返回失败')