• Ajax上传文件至MVC的controller


    在前端与后端交互,ajax是最常用的方式,而后台的响应也有很多方式,在asp.net中有一般处理程序和MVC的Controller响应的方式。在使用controller来响应请求时,可以通过路由配置来定位到具体的方法,这样代码清晰,逻辑分明,但前端传到后端的参数一般是通过函数的参数来接收的,而对于文件这样较大的数据,不太方便接收,虽然有类似HttpPostedFileBase的类作为参数,但使用ajax来与其交互时变的不易处理,那有什么其他的方法呢?

    有的!

    上传文件由于是数据量比较大的传输,所以使用ajax的post方法,在post的时候将数据放到FormData中,如果还有其他的参数要传输,为了便于后端的接收,我们可以将其放到URL的问号后面,而后端使用函数的参数来接收,只要标识为FromUri就可以了。文件数据传输时必然是要用multipart的方式来传的,后端也自然的要以这种方式来接收。由于Post文件数据是分断的,为了保证接收,我们后端使用Task来接收。我们来看具体的代码。

    前端代码

    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
        <title>上传</title>
        <meta charset="utf-8" />
        <link href="stylesheets/css.css" rel="stylesheet" />
        <script src="scripts/zepto.min.js"></script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <div class="all">
            <div id="ajaxWait" class="mask">
                <img src="images/loading.gif" />
            </div>
            <div class="head">
            </div>
            <div class="body">
                <div class="body_style">
                    <div class="upload-container">
                        <div style="height:43px;">
                            <div class="upload-wrap">
                                <input type="file" id="file1" class="upload-pic" >
                                <span class="upload-text">
                                    选择图片1
                                </span>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="upload-preview-wrap">
                            <img id="fileStylePreview" class="upload-preview-img" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div class="upload-container">
                        <div style="height:43px;">
                            <div class="upload-wrap">
                                <input type="file" id="file2" class="upload-pic" >
                                <span class="upload-text">
                                    选择图片2
                                </span>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="upload-preview-wrap">
                            <img id="fileWearPreview" class="upload-preview-img" />
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <div style="margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:5px;">
                        <label>类型</label>
                        <select id="clothesType" style="90px;height:30px;">
                            <option value="Type1" selected="selected">类型1</option>
                            <option value="Type1">类型2</option>
                        </select>
                    </div>
                    <div>
                        <input type="button" value="上传" id="btnUpload" class="upload-wrap " />
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
            <div class="footer"></div>
        </div>
    </body>
    </html>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        $(document).ready(function () {
            $("#btnUpload").click(function () {
                $("#ajaxWait").show();
                var formData = new FormData();
                formData.append("file1", document.getElementById("file1").files[0]);
                formData.append("file2", document.getElementById("file2").files[0]);
                var type = $("#clothesType").val();
                $.ajax({
                    url: "/api/MyFiles/Upload?type=" + type,
                    type: "POST",
                    data: formData,
                    contentType: false,//必须false才会自动加上正确的Content-Type
                    processData: false,//必须false才会避开jQuery对 formdata 的默认处理.XMLHttpRequest会对 formdata 进行正确的处理.
                    success: function (data) {
                        $("#ajaxWait").hide();
                        if (data.Status == 0) {
                            alert("上传成功!");
                        }
                        else {
                            alert(data.Message);
                        }
                    },
                    error: function (data) {
                        $("#ajaxWait").hide();
                        alert("上传失败!" + data.Message);
                    }
                });
            });
    
            function fileInputChang(obj) {
                var id = obj.target.id;
                var files = document.getElementById(id).files;
                var img = document.getElementById(id + "Preview");
                if (!files || files.length <= 0) {
                    img.src = "";
                    return;
                }
                var file;
                if (files && files.length > 0) {
                    // 获取目前上传的文件
                    file = files[0];
                    // 那么我们可以做一下诸如文件大小校验的动作
                    if (file.size > 1024 * 1024 * 2) {
                        alert('图片大小不能超过 2MB!');
                        return false;
                    }
    
                    // 图片预览 function 1
                    if (window['FileReader']) {
                        var reader = new FileReader();
                    } else {
                        alert("您的设备不支持图片预览功能,如需该功能请升级您的设备!");
                    }
                    var reader = new FileReader();
                    var imageType = /^image//;
                    //是否是图片
                    if (!imageType.test(file.type)) {
                        alert("请选择图片!");
                        return;
                    }
                    //读取完成
                    reader.onload = function (e) {
                        //图片路径设置为读取的图片
                        img.src = this.result;
                    };
                    reader.readAsDataURL(file);
                }
            }
    
            $("#fileStyle").change(fileInputChang);
            $("#fileWear").change(fileInputChang);
        });
    </script>
    
    后端代码

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Data;
    using System.IO;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Http;
    using System.Net.Http.Headers;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Web;
    using System.Web.Http;
    
    namespace UploadDemo.Controllers
    {
        public class MyFilesController : ApiController
        {       
    
            #region Upload
            [HttpPost]
            public BaseDataPackage<string> Upload([FromUri]TryClothesTypeEnum type)
            {
                var result = new BaseDataPackage<string>();
                if (!Request.Content.IsMimeMultipartContent())
                {
                    result.Status = StatusCode.Fail;
                    result.Message = "Data Invalid";
                    result.Data = null;
                    return result;
                }
    
                var server = HttpContext.Current.Server;
                string webRoot = "~/Upload/" + type.ToString();
                string physicsRoot = server.MapPath(webRoot);//保存上传文件的目录
    
                if (!Directory.Exists(physicsRoot))
                {
                    Directory.CreateDirectory(physicsRoot);
                }
    
                var provider = new RenameMultipartFormDataStreamProvider(physicsRoot);
                IEnumerable<HttpContent> parts = null;
                Task.Factory
                    .StartNew(() =>
                    {
                        parts = Request.Content.ReadAsMultipartAsync(provider).Result.Contents;
                    },
                    CancellationToken.None,
                    TaskCreationOptions.LongRunning, //确保线程分离
                    TaskScheduler.Default)
                    .Wait();
    
                try
                {  
                    result.Status = StatusCode.OK;
                    result.Message = "OK";
                    result.Data = null;
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    result.Status = StatusCode.Fail;
                    result.Message = ex.Message;
                    result.Data = null;
                }
    
                return result;
    
            }
    
            #region RenameMultipartFormDataStreamProvider
            /// <summary>
            /// 重命名上传的文件
            /// </summary>
            public class RenameMultipartFormDataStreamProvider : MultipartFormDataStreamProvider
            {
                #region 属性
    	    /// <summary>
                /// 上传的文件名列表
                /// </summary>
                public List<string> FileNameList { get; set; } = new List<string>();
                #endregion
    
                public RenameMultipartFormDataStreamProvider(string root)
                    : base(root)
                { }
    
                public override string GetLocalFileName(HttpContentHeaders headers)
                {
                    //截取文件扩展名
                    string ext = Path.GetExtension(headers.ContentDisposition.FileName.TrimStart('"').TrimEnd('"'));
                    string fileName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString().ToUpper() + ext; //base.GetLocalFileName(headers);
                    if (!FileNameList.Contains(fileName))
                    {
                        FileNameList.Add(fileName);
                    }
                    return fileName;
                }
            }
            #endregion
            #endregion
           
        }
       
    }

    其中RenameMultipartFormDataStreamProvider是对上传文件进行重命名的类,继承自MultipartFormDataStreamProvider,MultipartFormDataStreamProvider会自动将上传的文件数据合并成FileStream,并会写入到重命名的所命名的文件中,为了便于调取文件名,特别增加了一个FileNameList属性来保存上传文件的原始文件名。

    基本的数据包类

    /// <summary>
        /// 基本数据包
        /// </summary>
        public class BaseDataPackage<T>
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 状态(参见<seealso cref="StatusCode"/>)
            /// </summary>
            public int Status { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 信息
            /// </summary>
            public string Message { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 具体数据
            /// </summary>
            public T Data { get; set; }
    
    
            #region IsOK Function              
            /// <summary>
            /// 是否OK
            /// </summary>
            /// <returns></returns>
            public bool IsOK()
            {
                return Status == 0;//StatusCode.OK;
            }
            #endregion
        }
    状态类
      public class StatusCode
        {
            public const int OK = 0;
    
            public const int Fail = -1;
        }

    附上用到的CSS样表

    body {
        margin-left: 0px;
        margin-top: 0px;
        margin-right: 0px;
        margin-bottom: 0px;
        background-image: url(/images/bg.jpg);
    }
    
    .all {
        height: 740px;
         980px;
        margin: auto;
    }
    
    .head {
        height: 66px;
         980px;
        float: left;
    }
    
    .body {
        height: 596px;
         980px;
        float: left;
    }
    
    .body_style {
        height: 596px;
         262px;
        float: left;
        background-image: url(images/body_02.jpg);
    }
    
    .footer {
        height: 78px;
         980px;
        float: left;
    }
    
    .upload-preview-wrap {
        border: 1px solid;
         100px;
        height: 120px;
        margin-top: 5px;
        margin-left: 5px;
        margin-right: 5px;
        margin-bottom: 5px;
    }
    
    .upload-preview-img{
        100px;
        height:120px;
    }
    
    .upload-wrap {
        position: relative;
         158px;
        height: 43px;
        font-size: 16px;
        border: 1px solid #cacbcc;
        line-height: 43px;
        margin: 0 auto;
        color: #fff;
        text-align: center;
        background: #3385ff;
        border-bottom: 1px solid #2d78f4;
        float: left;
    }
    
    .upload-pic {
        position: absolute;
        font-size: 0;
         100%;
        height: 100%;
        outline: 0;
        opacity: 0;
        filter: alpha(opacity=0);
        margin-left: -18px;
        z-index: 1;
        cursor: pointer;
    }
    
    .upload-container {
        height:180px;
    }
    
    .mask{
         100%;
        height: 100%;
        background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8);
        position: fixed;
        top: 0;
        left: 0;
        z-index: 998;
        display: none;
        text-align:center;
        padding-top:10%;
    }
    


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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sparkleDai/p/7604906.html
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