• 层层递进Struts1(七)详解DispatchAction


            通过前面几篇博客,不知道大家有没有发现这个问题,虽然现在可以灵活控制跳转了,但是Action的数量还是比较多,如何既能保证跳转灵活,还能减少Action的数量?这就是我们这篇博客所说的DispatchAction,如其名,可以理解为“分发式Action”,使用它可以避免为每个Action创建一个类。

            我们先来看一下实例。

    UserAction

            DispatchAction继承的是Action,它的特点就是把以前的多个Action合并为一个,当多个Action关联较大时,可以像这样放在一起,减少Action类的同时,也降低了维护的难度。

    package com.tgb.drp.web.actions;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
    import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
    import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
    import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
    import org.apache.struts.actions.DispatchAction;
    
    import com.tgb.drp.manager.UserManager;
    import com.tgb.drp.model.User;
    import com.tgb.drp.web.forms.UserActionForm;
    
    public class UserAction extends DispatchAction {
    
    	@Override
    	protected ActionForward unspecified(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws Exception {
    		//调用业务逻辑操作
    		List userList = UserManager.getInstance().findAllUserList();
    		request.setAttribute("userlist", userList);
    		
    		return mapping.findForward("list_success");
    	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 用户删除
    	 * @param mapping
    	 * @param form
    	 * @param request
    	 * @param response
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public ActionForward del(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws Exception {
    		//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
    		UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
    		
    		//取得需要删除的userId的集合
    		String[] userIdList = uaf.getSelectFlag();
    
    		//调用业务逻辑操作
    		UserManager.getInstance().deleteUsers(userIdList);
    		return mapping.findForward("del_success");
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 用户添加
    	 * @param mapping
    	 * @param form
    	 * @param request
    	 * @param response
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public ActionForward add(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws Exception {
    		
    		//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
    		UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
    		User user = new User();
    		BeanUtils.copyProperties(user, uaf);
    		user.setCreateDate(new Date());
    		
    		//调用业务逻辑操作
    		UserManager.getInstance().addUser(user);
    		return mapping.findForward("add_success");	}
    
    	/**
    	 * 修改用户
    	 * @param mapping
    	 * @param form
    	 * @param request
    	 * @param response
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public ActionForward modify(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws Exception {
    		//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
    		UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
    		User user = new User();
    		BeanUtils.copyProperties(user, uaf);
    		
    		//调用业务逻辑操作
    		UserManager.getInstance().modifyUser(user);
    		return mapping.findForward("modify_success");
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 根据ID查询用户
    	 * 
    	 * @param mapping
    	 * @param form
    	 * @param request
    	 * @param response
    	 * @return
    	 * @throws Exception
    	 */
    	public ActionForward find(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
    			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    			throws Exception {
    		//获取从页面表单中提交过来的值
    		UserActionForm uaf = (UserActionForm)form;
    		
    		String userId = uaf.getUserId();
    		
    		//调用业务逻辑操作
    		User user = UserManager.getInstance().findUserById(userId);
    		
    		//将user对象从Action传递到JSP页面
    		request.setAttribute("user", user);
    		
    		return mapping.findForward("find_success");
    	}
    	
    }


    UserActionForm

            封装表单中的数据,需要注意的是,不用为每个表单 建立一个ActionForm,多个表单可以使用一个进行封装。

    package com.tgb.drp.web.forms;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
    
    /**
     * 用户管理ActionForm
     *
     */
    public class UserActionForm extends ActionForm {
    	
    	//用户代码
    	private String userId;
    	
    	//用户名称
    	private String userName;
    	
    	//密码
    	private String password;
    	
    	//联系电话
    	private String contactTel;
    	
    	//email
    	private String email;
    	
    	//创建日期
    	private Date createDate;
    	
    	//接收界面中的选中标记的集合
    	private String[] selectFlag;
    	
    	public String getContactTel() {
    		return contactTel;
    	}
    
    	public void setContactTel(String contactTel) {
    		this.contactTel = contactTel;
    	}
    
    	public Date getCreateDate() {
    		return createDate;
    	}
    
    	public void setCreateDate(Date createDate) {
    		this.createDate = createDate;
    	}
    
    	public String getEmail() {
    		return email;
    	}
    
    	public void setEmail(String email) {
    		this.email = email;
    	}
    
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    
    	public String getUserId() {
    		return userId;
    	}
    
    	public void setUserId(String userId) {
    		this.userId = userId;
    	}
    
    	public String getUserName() {
    		return userName;
    	}
    
    	public void setUserName(String userName) {
    		this.userName = userName;
    	}
    
    	public String[] getSelectFlag() {
    		return selectFlag;
    	}
    
    	public void setSelectFlag(String[] selectFlag) {
    		this.selectFlag = selectFlag;
    	}
    }

    struts-config

            配置Action和ActionForm,区别于以前的是需要添加parameter属性。

     

        <form-beans>
    		<form-bean name="userForm" type="com.tgb.drp.web.forms.UserActionForm"/>
        </form-beans>
        
        <action-mappings>
        	<action path="/user/user_maint"
        			type="com.tgb.drp.web.actions.UserAction"
        			name="userForm"
        			scope="request"
        			parameter="command"
        	>
        		<forward name="list_success" path="/user/user_list.jsp"/>
        		<forward name="del_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
        		<forward name="add_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
        		<forward name="modify_success" path="/user/user_maint.do" redirect="true"/>
        		<forward name="find_success" path="/user/user_modify.jsp"/>
        		 
        	</action>
    		<action path="/user/show_add"
    				forward="/user/user_input.jsp"
    		></action>
    
        </action-mappings>

    访问接口

    <body>
    	<a href="user/user_maint.do" title="请点击访问用户管理系统">用户管理系统</a>
    </body>

        如上所示,它是根据command属性的值确定的。

    执行流程

        把断点主要设置在DispatchAction中,可以看到,执行流程如下:

                

    代码分析

        在DispatchAction的execute函数中,有如下代码:

    	// Prevent recursive calls
    	if ("execute".equals(name) || "perform".equals(name)){
    		String message =
    			messages.getMessage("dispatch.recursive", mapping.getPath());
    
    		log.error(message);
    		throw new ServletException(message);
    	}

        所以在给parameter设置值时,不能为execute或perform。

        在DispatchAction的dispatchMethod中,有如下代码:

            if (name == null) {
                return this.unspecified(mapping, form, request, response);
            }


        即如果parameter值为空,则执行unspecified函数,可以在子类中实现这个函数,作为无参数值的跳转。

    总结

        总而言之,DispatchAction的出现减少了Action的数量,将多个Action融合到一起,虽然有显而易见的好处,但是同样会有问题,这样的耦合性的提高,必然伴随着扩展性的降低,所以用还是不用,还要根据具体情况而定。

        更多相关博客,请至《层层递进Struts1(八)之总结》

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/riskyer/p/3233887.html
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