• Servlet笔记6--Servlet程序改进


    第一步改进,GenericServlet:

      我们目前所有放入Servlet类直接实现了javax.servlet.Servlet接口,但是这个接口中有很多方法是目前不需要的,我们可能只需要编写service。直接实现Servlet接口代码丑陋,有必要在中间添加一个适配器,以后所有的Servlet类不再直接实现Servlet接口,应该去继承适配器类。

      适配器除了可以让代码优雅之外,我们还可以在适配器中提供大量的方法,子类继承之后,可以在子类中直接使用,方便编程。

      自己使用缺省适配器设计模式实现的GenericServlet类:

     1 package com.bjpowernode.javaweb.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 
     5 import javax.servlet.Servlet;
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
     7 import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
     8 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     9 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
    10 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
    11 
    12 /*
    13  * GenericSerrvlet是一个适配器,这个适配器是一个Servlet
    14  * 以后javaweb程序员无需直接实现Servlet接口,去继承这个适配器即可,重写service方法。
    15  *  
    16  * @author Administrator
    17  */
    18 
    19 public abstract class GenericServlet implements Servlet {
    20 
    21     ServletConfig config;
    22     
    23     //该方法不能被覆盖,因为被覆盖之后,config就获取不到了,所以方法前面加了final
    24     public final void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
    25         this.config = config;
    26         this.init();
    27     }
    28     
    29     /*
    30      * 若在初始化时刻需要执行一段特殊的代码,建议重写无参数的init方法,注意动态绑定,会让上面的init方法调用子类重写的init方法
    31      */
    32     public void init(){
    33         
    34     }
    35     
    36     public abstract void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) 
    37             throws ServletException, IOException;
    38     
    39     public void destroy() {
    40 
    41     }
    42 
    43     public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
    44         return config;
    45     }
    46 
    47     public String getServletInfo() {
    48         return "qjj";
    49     }
    50 
    51     //---------------------以下所有的方法都是拓展方法,方便子类的使用------------------------------
    52     
    53     public ServletContext getServletContext(){
    54         return getServletConfig().getServletContext();
    55     }
    56 }

      其实sun公司已经为我们实现了这个适配器类,可以直接调用:

     1 package com.bjpowernode.javaweb.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     7 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
     8 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
     9 
    10 //public class HelloServlet extends GenericServlet {
    11 public class HelloServlet extends javax.servlet.GenericServlet {    
    12     //sun公司已经为我们写了适配器,并且里面有很多其他的方法
    13     
    14     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    15 
    16     @Override
    17     public void init() {
    18         System.out.println("HelloServlet's init......");
    19     }
    20 
    21     @Override
    22     public void service(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response)
    23             throws ServletException, IOException {
    24         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    25         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    26         out.print("hello world!");
    27         out.print("<br>");
    28         out.print(getServletContext());
    29     }
    30 
    31 }

    HTTP协议相关:

      前端页面中的GET请求和POST请求代码:

     1  <html>
     2      <head>
     3          <title>login page</title>
     4          <meta name="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
     5         <meta name="description" content="this is my page">
     6         <meta name="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
     7      </head>
     8      <body>
     9      
    10          GET方式
    11          <form action="/prj-servlet-09/system/login">
    12              username<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    13              password<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    14              <input type="submit" value="login">
    15          </form>
    16          <hr>
    17          GET方式
    18          <form action="/prj-servlet-09/system/login" method="get">
    19              username<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    20              password<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    21              <input type="submit" value="login">
    22          </form>
    23          <hr>
    24          POST方式
    25          <form action="/prj-servlet-09/system/login" method="post">
    26              username<input type="text" name="username"><br>
    27              password<input type="password" name="password"><br>
    28              <input type="submit" value="login">
    29          </form>
    30      </body>
    31  
    32  </html>

    第二步改进,HTTPServlet:

      具体代码实现:

     1 package com.bjpowernode.javaweb.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
     7 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     8 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
     9 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    12 
    13 public class LoginServlet extends GenericServlet {
    14 
    15     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    16 
    17     @Override
    18     public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
    19             throws ServletException, IOException {
    20         //将ServletRequest,ServletResponse强制类型转换成带有Http的接口类型
    21         HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
    22         HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
    23         
    24         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    25         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    26         
    27         //获取浏览器发送的请求方式
    28         String method = request.getMethod();
    29         //LoginServlet是处理登录的,要求前端必须发送POST请求
    30         if("GET".equals(method)){
    31             //前端报错
    32             out.print("405-您应当发送POST请求");
    33             //后端报错
    34             throw new RuntimeException("405-您应当发送POST请求");
    35         }
    36         
    37         //若程序执行到这里证明用户发送到的请求是POST请求,程序应当正常执行
    38         out.print("正在登录...");
    39     }
    40 
    41 }

      解决方法:自己用模板方法设计模式设计HTTPServlet:

     1 package com.bjpowernode.javaweb.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 import java.io.PrintWriter;
     5 
     6 import javax.servlet.GenericServlet;
     7 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     8 import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
     9 import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
    10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    11 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    12 
    13 public class HttpServlet extends GenericServlet {
    14 
    15     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    16 
    17     @Override
    18     public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
    19             throws ServletException, IOException {
    20         HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)req;
    21         HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse)res;
    22         service(request,response);
    23     }
    24     
    25     public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    26             throws ServletException, IOException {
    27         String method = request.getMethod();
    28         if("GET".equals(method)){
    29             doGet(request,response);
    30         }else if("POST".equals(method)){
    31             doPost(request,response);
    32         } 
    33     }
    34 
    35     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 
    36             throws ServletException, IOException {
    37         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    38         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    39         out.print("405-您应当发送POST请求");
    40         throw new RuntimeException("405-您应当发送POST请求");
    41     }
    42     
    43     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    44             throws ServletException, IOException {
    45         response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    46         PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
    47         out.print("405-您应当发送GET请求");
    48         throw new RuntimeException("405-您应当发送GET请求");
    49     }
    50 
    51 }

      接下写自己的Servlet时,要继承自HttpServlet,为get请求则重写doGet方法,为post请求则重写doPost方法。

      其实sun公司已经为我们实现了这个HttpServlet类,可以直接调用:

     1 package com.bjpowernode.javaweb.servlet;
     2 
     3 import java.io.IOException;
     4 
     5 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
     6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
     7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
     8 
     9 //public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    10 public class LoginServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    11 
    12     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    13 
    14     @Override
    15     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
    16             throws ServletException, IOException {
    17         response.getWriter().print("login......");
    18     }
    19 }

      至此,以后写自己的Servlet时,都要继承自HttpServlet,并且使用doPost或者doGet方法。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qjjazry/p/6371555.html
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