matplotlib多种绘图方式

目录

散点图

条形图

直方图

总结

散点图

假设通过爬虫你获取到了北京2016年3,10月份每天白天的最高气温(分别位于列表a,b),那么此时如何寻找出气温和随时间(天)变化的某种规律?

a = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
b = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")

x_3 = range(1, 32)
x_10 = range(51, 82)
y_3 = [11,17,16,11,12,11,12,6,6,7,8,9,12,15,14,17,18,21,16,17,20,14,15,15,15,19,21,22,22,22,23]
y_10 = [26,26,28,19,21,17,16,19,18,20,20,19,22,23,17,20,21,20,22,15,11,15,5,13,17,10,11,13,12,13,6]
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
# 绘制散点图
plt.scatter(x_3, y_3, label='3月份')
plt.scatter(x_10, y_10, label='4月份')
# 设置x轴y轴
_x = list(x_3) + list(x_10)
_y = list(y_3) + list(y_10)
x_ticks = ['3月{}日'.format(i) for i in x_3]
x_ticks += ['10月{}日'.format(i-50) for i in x_10]

plt.xticks(_x[::3], x_ticks[::3], fontproperties=my_font, rotation=45)
plt.yticks(range(min(_y), max(_y)+1))

plt.xlabel('3月与10月日期', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.ylabel('气温', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.title('3月份与10月份每日平均气温变化散点图', fontproperties=my_font, size=20)

plt.grid(alpha=0.5, color='c')

plt.legend(loc='0', prop=my_font)
plt.show()

 可以看出，3月气温逐渐在上升，到了10月逐渐下降

爱心表白程序

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# 确定一个线性范围，
x_cord = np.linspace(-100, 100, 2000) # -100到100之间取2000个点
y_cord = np.linspace(-100, 100, 2000)

pots = []
for y in y_cord:
    for x in x_cord:
        # 0.04是为了将打印的图片变小，运行速度快一些
        if ((x*0.04)**2+(y*0.04)**2-1)**3-(x*0.04)**2*(y*0.04)**3 <= 0:
            pots.append({'x': x, 'y': y}) 

# 画图
ht_x = list(map(lambda point: point['x'], pots))
ht_y = list(map(lambda point: point['y'], pots))

plt.scatter(ht_x, ht_y, s=4, c=range(len(ht_y)), cmap='gist_rainbow') # s: 点的大小 c:颜色范围设置cmap：颜色渐变
plt.show()

 条形图

假设你获取到了2017年内地电影票房前20的电影(列表a)和电影票房数据(列表b),那么如何更加直观的展示该数据?

a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士","摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归","生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]

b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23] 单位:亿

 首先按照常规设计：(plt.bar(a, b))

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：
最后的骑士",
"摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：
死无对证","金刚：
骷髅岛","极限特工：
终极回归",
"生化危机6：
终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：
殊死一战",
"蜘蛛侠：
英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b=[56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
# 绘制竖的条形图
plt.bar(range(len(a)), b, width=0.5, color='orange')
_x = a
plt.xticks(range(len(a)), _x, fontproperties=my_font, rotation=45)

plt.xlabel('电影', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.ylabel('票房（单位：亿）', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.title('电影票房统计', fontproperties=my_font, size=20)

plt.grid(alpha=0.5, color='b')

plt.show()

 

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager

my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a = ["战狼2","速度与激情8","功夫瑜伽","西游伏妖篇","变形金刚5：最后的骑士",
"摔跤吧！爸爸","加勒比海盗5：死无对证","金刚：骷髅岛","极限特工：终极回归",
"生化危机6：终章","乘风破浪","神偷奶爸3","智取威虎山","大闹天竺","金刚狼3：殊死一战",
"蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","悟空传","银河护卫队2","情圣","新木乃伊",]
b = [56.01,26.94,17.53,16.49,15.45,12.96,11.8,11.61,11.28,11.12,10.49,10.3,8.75,7.55,7.32,6.99,6.88,6.86,6.58,6.23]
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
# 绘制横条形图
plt.barh(range(len(a)), b, color='orange', height=0.4)
# 绘制字符串到y轴
plt.yticks(range(len(a)), a, fontproperties=my_font)
plt.xticks(range(5, 60, 5))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

 

可以看出战狼2票房吊打其余电影

假设你知道了列表a中电影分别在2017-09-14(b_14), 2017-09-15(b_15), 2017-09-16(b_16)三天的票房,为了展示列表中电影本身的票房以及同其他电影的数据对比情况,应该如何更加直观的呈现该数据?

a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a = ["猩球崛起3：终极之战","敦刻尔克","蜘蛛侠：英雄归来","战狼2"]
b_16 = [15746,312,4497,319]
b_15 = [12357,156,2045,168]
b_14 = [2358,399,2358,362]
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
# 设置一个变量决定条形图的宽度，因为有三条数据，所以宽度不能大于0.333
# 大于1就会出现重叠
width_num = 0.25
# 设置x轴
# 逐个加0.2，就会出现不同数据相邻的效果
_x_14 = [i for i in range(len(a))]
_x_15 = [i+width_num for i in range(len(a))]
_x_16 = [i+width_num+width_num for i in range(len(a))]
# 绘制条形图
plt.bar(_x_14, b_14, width=width_num, label='9月14')
plt.bar(_x_15, b_15, width=width_num, label='9月15')
plt.bar(_x_16, b_16, width=width_num, label='9月16')
# xticks选择_x_15是因为15在中间位置，显示文字的话好看一些
plt.xticks(_x_15, a, fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.legend(prop=my_font)
plt.grid()
plt.xlabel('电影', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.ylabel('票房（单位：张）', fontproperties=my_font, size=15)
plt.title('2017年9月14，15，16日票房对比图', fontproperties=my_font, size=20)
plt.show()

 

可以看出猩球崛起电影票房大卖

直方图

假设你获取了250部电影的时长(列表a中),希望统计出这些电影时长的分布状态

(比如时长为100分钟到120分钟电影的数量,出现的频率)等信息,你应该如何呈现这些数据?

a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]

from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")
a=[131, 98, 125, 131, 124, 139, 131, 117, 128, 108, 135, 138, 131, 102, 107, 
114, 119, 128, 121, 142, 127, 130, 124, 101, 110, 116, 117, 110, 128, 128, 
115, 99, 136, 126, 134, 95, 138, 117, 111,78, 132, 124, 113, 150, 110, 117, 
86, 95, 144, 105, 126, 130,126, 130, 126, 116, 123, 106, 112, 138, 123, 86, 
101, 99, 136,123, 117, 119, 105, 137, 123, 128, 125, 104, 109, 134, 125, 127,
105, 120, 107, 129, 116, 108, 132, 103, 136, 118, 102, 120, 114,105, 115, 132, 
145, 119, 121, 112, 139, 125, 138, 109, 132, 134,156, 106, 117, 127, 144, 
139, 139, 119, 140, 83, 110, 102,123,107, 143, 115, 136, 118, 139, 123, 112, 
118, 125, 109, 119, 133,112, 114, 122, 109, 106, 123, 116, 131, 127, 115, 
118, 112, 135,115, 146, 137, 116, 103, 144, 83, 123, 111, 110, 111, 100, 
154,136, 100, 118, 119, 133, 134, 106, 129, 126, 110, 111, 109, 141,120, 
117, 106, 149, 122, 122, 110, 118, 127, 121, 114, 125, 126,114, 140, 103, 
130, 141, 117, 106, 114, 121, 114, 133, 137, 92,121, 112, 146, 97, 137, 
105, 98, 117, 112, 81, 97, 139, 113,134, 106, 144, 110, 137, 137, 111, 
104, 117, 100, 111, 101, 110,105, 129, 137, 112, 120, 113, 133, 112, 83, 
94, 146, 133, 101,131, 116, 111, 84, 137, 115, 122, 106, 144, 109, 123, 116, 111,111, 133, 150]
# 组距
d = 3
# 计算组数
num_bins = (max(a) - min(a)) // d
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
plt.hist(a, num_bins) # 列表，组数
# plt.hist(a, num_bins, density=True) # 显示概率
plt.xticks(range(min(a), max(a)+d, d))
plt.grid()
plt.show()

可以看出电影时长在111到120的居多

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
-------------------------------------------------
   File Name：     条形图3
   Description :
   Author :        wjh
   date：          2019/5/1
   File Path:      Python
-------------------------------------------------
"""
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from matplotlib import font_manager
my_font = font_manager.FontProperties(fname="./Hiragino Sans GB.ttc")

interval = [0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,60,90]
width = [5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,15,30,60]
quantity = [836,2737,3723,3926,3596,1438,3273,642,824,613,215,47]
# 设置条形图大小
plt.figure(figsize=(15, 8), dpi=80)
# 将条形图向右移动0.5
_x = [i+0.5 for i in range(len(quantity))]
# 绘制条形图 width=1：条形图相邻，默认0.8
plt.bar(_x, quantity, width=1)
# 设置x轴刻度
plt.xticks(range(len(quantity)+1), interval+[150])
plt.show()

总结

四种图形使用情况对比

• 观察变化的时候使用 折线图，plot

• 观察不同维度之间的关系 散点图 ，scatter

• 统计离散的数据 条形图 bar，barh

• 统计连续的数据 直方图 hist

scatter

• plt.scatter(x,y)

bar，barh

• plt.bar(x,y,width=0.3）

• plt.bar(x,y,height=0.3）

hist

• plt.hist([1,2,3],组数)

• 组数=（最大值-最小值）/ 组距